Rubidi (Rb)

chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37

Atomic Number	37
Atomic Weight	85.4678
mass number	85

Group	1
Period	5
Block	s

protoni	37 p⁺
nyutroni	48 n⁰
elektroni	37 e^-

Physical Property

Atomic Radius	235 pm 240 pm
molar volume	55.9 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	210 pm 202 pm 225 pm 220 pm
Metallic Radius	216 pm 248 pm
ionic radius	152 pm 156 pm 161 pm 163 pm 166 pm 169 pm 172 pm 183 pm
Crystal Radius	166 pm 170 pm 175 pm 177 pm 180 pm 183 pm 186 pm 197 pm
Van der Waals radius	290 pm 303 pm 325 pm 303 pm 411.4 pm
msongamano	1.53 g/cm³ 1,460 kg/m³

Chemical Property

nishati

proton affinity
electron affinity	0.48592 eV/particle
ionization energy	4.177128 eV/particle 27.28954 eV/particle 39.247 eV/particle 52.2 eV/particle 68.4 eV/particle 82.9 eV/particle 98.67 eV/particle 132.8 eV/particle 150.63 eV/particle 277.12 eV/particle 313.1 eV/particle 356 eV/particle 400 eV/particle 443 eV/particle 502 eV/particle 550 eV/particle 601 eV/particle 654 eV/particle 706 eV/particle 857 eV/particle 905.3 eV/particle 958.9 eV/particle 1,024 eV/particle 1,080 eV/particle 1,125 eV/particle 1,242.5 eV/particle 1,294.567 eV/particle 3,133.3 eV/particle 3,281 eV/particle 3,442 eV/particle 3,600 eV/particle 3,815 eV/particle 3,988 eV/particle 4,214 eV/particle 4,356.865 eV/particle 18,305.883 eV/particle 18,965.51 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	75.8 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	2.2 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	80.9 kJ/mol
elektroni

Mzingo elektroni	2, 8, 18, 8, 1

valence electron	1 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Kr] 5s¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s¹

oxidation number	-1, 1
electronegativity	4.177 eV/particle 0.104686 0.82
Electrophilicity Index	0.7363448717297969 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	961.15 K
Melting Point	312.45 K
critical pressure	16 MPa
critical temperature	2,093.15 K
Kiwango utatu	312.41 K
appearance
Rangi	Silver #ff1493 #702eb0 #702eb0
appearance	grey white
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	58.2 W/(m K)
thermal expansion
molar heat capacity	31.06 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.363 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	8.3 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0.00000012 m Ω
superconductivity
Uga sumaku
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000026 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000000222 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0.00000398
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal Structure	Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
lattice constant	5.59 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	0.216 MPa 0.3 MPa
bulk modulus	2.5 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus	2.4 GPa
Poisson's ratio
speed of sound	1,300 m/s
classification
Category	Alkali metals, Alkali metals
CAS Group	IA
IUPAC Group	IA
Glawe Number	9
Mendeleev Number	4
Pettifor Number	9
Geochemical Class	alkali metal
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	319.8 ± 0.3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	4,769 a₀ 4,660 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0.38
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0003
quantum number	2S1/2
space group	229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Rubidium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	33
Natural Isotopes	2

⁷¹Rb

mass number	71
neutron number	34
relative atomic mass	70.965335 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁷²Rb

mass number	72
neutron number	35
relative atomic mass	71.958851 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	103 ± 22 ns
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi	2017
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁷³Rb

mass number	73
neutron number	36
relative atomic mass	72.950604506 ± 0.000043794 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi	1996
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
p (proton emission)	100%

⁷⁴Rb

mass number	74
neutron number	37
relative atomic mass	73.944265867 ± 0.000003249 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	64.78 ± 0.03 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
Uvumbuzi	1977
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁷⁵Rb

mass number	75
neutron number	38
relative atomic mass	74.9385732 ± 0.000001266 Da
g-factor	0.386 ± 0.00066666666666667
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	19 ± 1.2 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.81 ± 0.04
Uvumbuzi	1975
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁶Rb

mass number	76
neutron number	39
relative atomic mass	75.935073031 ± 0.000001006 Da
g-factor	-0.372552 ± 0.000011
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	36.5 ± 0.6 s
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.41 ± 0.09
Uvumbuzi	1969
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	3.8%

⁷⁷Rb

mass number	77
neutron number	40
relative atomic mass	76.930401599 ± 0.0000014 Da
g-factor	0.43622666666667 ± 0.000013333333333333
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	3.78 ± 0.04 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.84 ± 0.17
Uvumbuzi	1972
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁸Rb

mass number	78
neutron number	41
relative atomic mass	77.928141866 ± 0.000003475 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	17.66 ± 0.03 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
Uvumbuzi	1968
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁹Rb

mass number	79
neutron number	42
relative atomic mass	78.923990095 ± 0.000002085 Da
g-factor	1.34292 ± 0.00048
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	22.9 ± 0.5 m
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.12 ± 0.04
Uvumbuzi	1957
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁰Rb

mass number	80
neutron number	43
relative atomic mass	79.922516442 ± 0.000002 Da
g-factor	-0.0833 ± 0.0007
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	33.4 ± 0.7 s
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.42 ± 0.08
Uvumbuzi	1961
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸¹Rb

mass number	81
neutron number	44
relative atomic mass	80.9189939 ± 0.000005265 Da
g-factor	1.3727333333333 ± 0.00093333333333333
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	4.572 ± 0.004 h
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.48 ± 0.1
Uvumbuzi	1949
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸²Rb

mass number	82
neutron number	45
relative atomic mass	81.918209023 ± 0.00000323 Da
g-factor	0.554403 ± 0.000016
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	1.2575 ± 0.0002 m
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.23 ± 0.1
Uvumbuzi	1949
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸³Rb

mass number	83
neutron number	46
relative atomic mass	82.915114181 ± 0.0000025 Da
g-factor	0.56984 ± 0.00032
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	86.2 ± 0.1 d
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.24 ± 0.05
Uvumbuzi	1950
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁸⁴Rb

mass number	84
neutron number	47
relative atomic mass	83.914375223 ± 0.000002355 Da
g-factor	-0.6625 ± 0.001
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	32.82 ± 0.07 d
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.02 ± 0.04
Uvumbuzi	1947
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	96.1%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	3.9%

⁸⁵Rb

mass number	85
neutron number	48
relative atomic mass	84.91178973604 ± 0.00000000537 Da
g-factor	0.541224 ± 0.000016
natural abundance	72.17 ± 0.02
Unururifu	stable isotope
Nusumaisha	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.276 ± 0.001
Uvumbuzi	1921
parity	-

⁸⁶Rb

mass number	86
neutron number	49
relative atomic mass	85.911167443 ± 0.000000214 Da
g-factor	-0.8487 ± 0.0008
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	18.645 ± 0.008 d
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.23 ± 0.06
Uvumbuzi	1941
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	0.0052%

⁸⁷Rb

mass number	87
neutron number	50
relative atomic mass	86.909180529 ± 0.000000006 Da
g-factor	1.8341933333333 ± 0.000053333333333333
natural abundance	27.83 ± 0.02
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	49.7 ± 0.3 Gy
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.1335 ± 0.0005
Uvumbuzi	1921
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸⁸Rb

mass number	88
neutron number	51
relative atomic mass	87.91131559 ± 0.00000017 Da
g-factor	0.253755 ± 0.00001
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	17.78 ± 0.03 m
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.01 ± 0.11
Uvumbuzi	1939
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸⁹Rb

mass number	89
neutron number	52
relative atomic mass	88.912278136 ± 0.000005825 Da
g-factor	1.5887333333333 ± 0.00046666666666667
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	15.32 ± 0.1 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.17 ± 0.03
Uvumbuzi	1940
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁰Rb

mass number	90
neutron number	53
relative atomic mass	89.914797557 ± 0.000006926 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	158 ± 5 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
Uvumbuzi	1951
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹¹Rb

mass number	91
neutron number	54
relative atomic mass	90.916537261 ± 0.000008375 Da
g-factor	1.4540666666667 ± 0.001
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	58.2 ± 0.3 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.19 ± 0.05
Uvumbuzi	1951
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁹²Rb

mass number	92
neutron number	55
relative atomic mass	91.919728477 ± 0.000006573 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	4.48 ± 0.03 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
Uvumbuzi	1960
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.0107%

⁹³Rb

mass number	93
neutron number	56
relative atomic mass	92.922039334 ± 0.000008406 Da
g-factor	0.56368 ± 0.00064
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	5.84 ± 0.02 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.21 ± 0.06
Uvumbuzi	1960
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.39%

⁹⁴Rb

mass number	94
neutron number	57
relative atomic mass	93.926394819 ± 0.000002177 Da
g-factor	0.49936666666667 ± 0.0006
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	2.702 ± 0.005 s
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.2 ± 0.07
Uvumbuzi	1961
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	10.3%

⁹⁵Rb

mass number	95
neutron number	58
relative atomic mass	94.929263849 ± 0.000021733 Da
g-factor	0.5332 ± 0.0012
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	377.7 ± 0.8 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.26 ± 0.09
Uvumbuzi	1967
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	8.7%

⁹⁶Rb

mass number	96
neutron number	59
relative atomic mass	95.934133398 ± 0.000003599 Da
g-factor	0.73275 ± 0.00085
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	201.5 ± 0.9 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.3 ± 0.09
Uvumbuzi	1967
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	13.7%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁹⁷Rb

mass number	97
neutron number	60
relative atomic mass	96.937177117 ± 0.000002052 Da
g-factor	1.2266666666667 ± 0.0013333333333333
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	169.1 ± 0.6 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.7
Uvumbuzi	1969
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	25.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁹⁸Rb

mass number	98
neutron number	61
relative atomic mass	97.941632317 ± 0.000017265 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	115 ± 6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
Uvumbuzi	1971
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	14.3%
2n (2-neutron emission)	0.054%

⁹⁹Rb

mass number	99
neutron number	62
relative atomic mass	98.94511919 ± 0.000004327 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	54 ± 4 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi	1971
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17.3%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰⁰Rb

mass number	100
neutron number	63
relative atomic mass	99.950331532 ± 0.000014089 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	51.3 ± 1.6 ms
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi	1978
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5.6%
2n (2-neutron emission)	0.15%

¹⁰¹Rb

mass number	101
neutron number	64
relative atomic mass	100.954302 ± 0.000022 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	31.8 ± 3.3 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi	1992
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰²Rb

mass number	102
neutron number	65
relative atomic mass	101.960008 ± 0.000089 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	37 ± 4 ms
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi	1995
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	65%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰³Rb

mass number	103
neutron number	66
relative atomic mass	102.964401 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	26 ± 11 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi	2010
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰⁴Rb

mass number	104
neutron number	67
relative atomic mass	103.970531 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi	2018
parity

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

historia

mgunduzi au mvumbuzi	R. Bunsen, G. Kirchoff
location of discovery	Germany
Uvumbuzi	1861
Etimolojia	Latin: rubidus (deep red); the color its salts impart to flames.
pronunciation	roo-BID-i-em (Kiingereza)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	90 mg/kg
natural abundance (Bahari)	0.12 mg/L
natural abundance (Mwili)	0.00046 %
natural abundance (Kimondo)	0.00032 %
natural abundance (Jua)	0.000003 %
Abundance in Universe	0.000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.7922
2	p	3.9612
2	s	9.8432
3	d	15.3208
3	p	15.6967
3	s	15.1573
4	p	26.1192
4	s	24.612
5	s	32.0155

Rubidi on ChemicalAid

AEDA subject keyword ID	17540
Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300380179
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3568
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	12165566c
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	rubidium
CAB ID	18779
CAS Registry Number	7440-17-7
CPV Supplementary	AA35
ChEBI ID	33322
ChemSpider ID	4512975
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14773000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID6047650
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID4064686
Den Store Danske ID	rubidium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.296
Elhuyar ZTH ID	030348
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/rubidium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	rubidium
Fandom article ID	sto:Rubidium
Freebase ID	/m/025sckv
French Vikidia ID	Rubidium
GND	4178576-9
Golden ID	Rubidium-EAWB8
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0140247
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	3517702
InChI	InChI=1S/Rb
InChIKey	IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Rubidium
Kitambulisho cha Benki ya Dawa	11346
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/RUBIDI.html
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85115684
MeSH descriptor ID	D012413
Mindat mineral ID	52496
NE.se ID	rubidium
Namuwiki ID	루비듐
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007546156605171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	158318
OpenAlex ID	C526903357
PSH ID	5747
Probes And Drugs ID	PD077494
PubChem CID	5357696
Quora topic ID	Rubidium
RxNorm ID	1311489
Store norske leksikon ID	rubidium
Treccani ID	rubidio
UNII	MLT4718TJW
USGS Thesaurus ID	1562
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14677133-n
YSO ID	38859
ZVG number	7370

Rubidi (Rb)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Rubidium

71Rb

72Rb

73Rb

74Rb

75Rb

76Rb

77Rb

78Rb

79Rb

80Rb

81Rb

82Rb

83Rb

84Rb

85Rb

86Rb

87Rb

88Rb

89Rb

90Rb

91Rb

92Rb

93Rb

94Rb

95Rb

96Rb

97Rb

98Rb

99Rb

100Rb

101Rb

102Rb

103Rb

104Rb

historia

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁷¹Rb

⁷²Rb

⁷³Rb

⁷⁴Rb

⁷⁵Rb

⁷⁶Rb

⁷⁷Rb

⁷⁸Rb

⁷⁹Rb

⁸⁰Rb

⁸¹Rb

⁸²Rb

⁸³Rb

⁸⁴Rb

⁸⁵Rb

⁸⁶Rb

⁸⁷Rb

⁸⁸Rb

⁸⁹Rb

⁹⁰Rb

⁹¹Rb

⁹²Rb

⁹³Rb

⁹⁴Rb

⁹⁵Rb

⁹⁶Rb

⁹⁷Rb

⁹⁸Rb

⁹⁹Rb

¹⁰⁰Rb

¹⁰¹Rb

¹⁰²Rb

¹⁰³Rb

¹⁰⁴Rb