Atomic Number | 75 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 186.207 |
Mass Number | 187 |
Group | 7 |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | d |
Protons | 75 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 112 n0 |
Electrons | 75 e- |
Atomic Radius | 135 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 8.85 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 131 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 128 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 63 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 77 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 216 pm
|
Density | 20.8 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.15 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 7.83352 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 704 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 34 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 774 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2 |
Oxidation States | -3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 |
Electronegativity | 1.9
|
Electrophilicity | 1.0369041726708592 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 5,863.15 K
|
Melting Point | 3,458.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Gray
|
Appearance | silvery-grayish |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 48 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000062 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 25.48 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.137 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 5.6 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000018 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | 1.7 K
|
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.00000000456 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000000849 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0000959
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | 2.76 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | 7 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 370 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 178 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 463 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.3
|
Speed of Sound | 4,700 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
CAS Group | VIIA |
IUPAC Group | VIIB |
Glawe Number | 58 |
Mendeleev Number | 57 |
Pettifor Number | 59 |
Geochemical Class | |
Goldschmidt Class | siderophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 90
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.016
|
Quantum Numbers | 6S5/2 |
Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 2 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 39 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 40 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 159 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2006 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | % |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 160 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 611 ± 7 us
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | 89% |
α (α emission) | 11% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 161 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 440 ± 1 us
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | 100% |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 162 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 107 ± 13 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 94% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 163 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 390 ± 70 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
α (α emission) | 32% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 164 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 719 ± 89 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | % |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 165 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.6 ± 0.6 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 86% |
α (α emission) | 14% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 166 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.25 ± 0.21 s
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 88% |
α (α emission) | 12% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 167 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.4 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 168 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.4 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0.005% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 169 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.1 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
α (α emission) | 0.005% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 170 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 8 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 171 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 15.2 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 172 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 55 ± 5 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 173 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 174 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.4 ± 0.04 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 175 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.89 ± 0.05 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 176 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.3 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 177 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 14 ± 1 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1957 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 178 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 13.2 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1957 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 179 |
G-Factor | 1.12 ± 0.16
|
Half Life | 19.5 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 180 |
G-Factor | 1.6 ± 0.2
|
Half Life | 2.46 ± 0.03 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 181 |
G-Factor | 1.276 ± 0.028
|
Half Life | 19.9 ± 0.7 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1957 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 182 |
G-Factor | 0.40571428571429 ± 0.0085714285714286
|
Half Life | 64.2 ± 0.5 h
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 183 |
G-Factor | 1.2632 ± 0.006
|
Half Life | 70 ± 1.4 d
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 184 |
G-Factor | 0.84333333333333 ± 0.016666666666667
|
Half Life | 35.4 ± 0.7 d
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1940 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | 37.4 ± 0.05
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 185 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 2.07 ± 0.05
|
Discovery Year | 1931 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 186 |
G-Factor | 1.734 ± 0.003
|
Half Life | 3.7185 ± 0.0005 d
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1939 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 92.53% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 7.47% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 62.6 ± 0.05
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 187 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 41.6 ± 0.02 Gy
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.94 ± 0.05
|
Discovery Year | 1931 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 188 |
G-Factor | 1.783 ± 0.005
|
Half Life | 17.005 ± 0.003 h
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1939 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 189 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 24.3 ± 0.4 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 190 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 191 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 9.8 ± 0.5 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 192 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 15.4 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1965 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 193 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 194 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 195 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2008 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 196 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.4 ± 1.5 s
|
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2008 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 197 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 198 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
In 1908, Japanese chemist Masataka Ogawa announced that he discovered the 43rd element. However, later analysis indicated the presence of rhenium (element 75), not element 43. In 1922, Walter Noddack, Ida Eva Tacke and Otto Berg announced its separation from gadolinite and gave it the present name. From the Latin word Rhenus meaning Rhine
Discoverers | Walter Noddack, Ida Tacke, Otto Berg |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Germany |
Discovery Year | 1925 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Latin: Rhenus, the Rhine River. |
Pronunciation | REE-ni-em (English) |
1 | s | 1.4522 |
2 | p | 4.438 |
2 | s | 19.5902 |
3 | d | 13.5453 |
3 | p | 21.5655 |
3 | s | 22.3515 |
4 | d | 36.9456 |
4 | f | 39.0752 |
4 | p | 34.6268 |
4 | s | 33.6436 |
5 | d | 57.617 |
5 | p | 52.856 |
5 | s | 50.643 |
6 | s | 64.884 |