Atomic Number | 74 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 183.84 |
Mass Number | 184 |
Group | 6 |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | d |
Protons | 74 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 110 n0 |
Electrons | 74 e- |
Physical Properties | |
---|---|
Atomic Radius | 135 pm
|
Molar Volume | 9.53 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 137 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 130 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 66 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 80 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 218 pm
|
Density | 19.3 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.81626 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 7.86403 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 824 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 35 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 851 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2 |
Oxidation States | -4, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |
Electronegativity | 1.7
|
Electrophilicity | 1.336370129915207 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 5,828.15 K
|
Melting Point | 3,687.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Tungsten is a Gray. W has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #2194d6, and MOLCAS GV of #2194d6. The Appearance of Element 74 is grayish white, lustrous. | |
Color | Gray
|
Appearance | grayish white, lustrous |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 173 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000045 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 24.27 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.132 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 20 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000004999999999997 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | 0.015 K
|
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.00000000459 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000000844 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0000884
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Tungsten is BCC. The lattice constant of W is 3.16 Å. The lattice angles of Element 74 are π/2, π/2, π/2. | |
Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic (BCC) |
Lattice Constant | 3.16 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Tungsten has a Brinell of 2570 MPa, Mohs hardness of 7.5 MPa, and Vickers of 3430 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of W is 310 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 74 is 161 GPa. The Young Modulus of Tungsten (W) is 411 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Tungsten is 0.28. The Speed of Sound of W is 5174 m/s. | |
Hardness | 7.5 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 310 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 161 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 411 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.28
|
Speed of Sound | 5,174 m/s
|
Classification | |
The CAS Group of Tungsten is VIA. The IUPAC Group of W is VIB. The Glawe Number of Element 74 is 57. The Mendeleev Number of Tungsten (W) is 53. The Pettifor Number of Tungsten is 56. The Goldschmidt Class of W is litophile. | |
Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
CAS Group | VIA |
IUPAC Group | VIB |
Glawe Number | 57 |
Mendeleev Number | 53 |
Pettifor Number | 56 |
Geochemical Class | |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
The Dipole Polarizability of Tungsten is 68 plus or minus 15 a₀. W has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 757 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 74 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Tungsten (W) is 18.4. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Tungsten is 0.0036. The Quantum Numbers of W is 5D0. The Space Group of Element 74 is 229 (Im_3m). | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 18.4
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0036
|
Quantum Numbers | 5D0 |
Space Group | 229 (Im_3m) |
Stable Isotopes | 5 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 36 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 37 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 157 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 275 ± 40 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 158 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 1.43 ± 0.18 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 159 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.2 ± 0.7 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 160 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 90 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 87% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 161 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 409 ± 16 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 73% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 27% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 162 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 1.19 ± 0.12 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
α (α emission) | 45.2% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 163 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.63 ± 0.09 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
α (α emission) | 14% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 164 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 6.3 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 96.2% |
α (α emission) | 3.8% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 165 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.1 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1975 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 166 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 19.2 ± 0.6 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1975 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 99.965% |
α (α emission) | 0.035% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 167 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 19.9 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 99.96% |
α (α emission) | 0.04% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 168 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 50.9 ± 1.9 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0.0032% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 169 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 74 ± 6 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 170 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.42 ± 0.04 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 171 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.38 ± 0.04 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 172 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 6.6 ± 0.9 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 173 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 7.6 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 174 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 33.2 ± 2.1 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 175 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 35.2 ± 0.6 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 176 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.5 ± 0.1 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 177 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 132.4 ± 2 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 178 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 21.6 ± 0.3 d
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 179 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 37.05 ± 0.16 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 0.12 ± 0.01
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 180 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 1.59 ± 0.5 Ey
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1937 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
2β+ (double β+ decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 181 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 120.956 ± 0.019 d
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1947 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | 26.5 ± 0.16
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 182 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1930 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | 14.31 ± 0.04
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 183 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1930 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | 30.64 ± 0.02
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 184 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1930 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 185 |
G-Factor | 0.362 ± 0.0093333333333333
|
Half Life | 75.1 ± 0.3 d
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1940 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | 28.43 ± 0.19
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 186 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1930 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | % |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 187 |
G-Factor | 0.414 ± 0.01
|
Half Life | 23.809 ± 0.025 h
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1940 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 188 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 69.77 ± 0.05 d
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 189 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 11.6 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 190 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 30 ± 1.5 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1976 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 191 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 192 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 193 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 194 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2008 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 195 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 196 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
Torbern Bergman obtained from scheelite an oxide of a new element in 1781. In 1783, José and Fausto Elhuyar found an acid made from wolframite that was identical to tungstic acid. Later that year, in Spain, the brothers succeeded in isolating tungsten by reduction of this acid with charcoal, and they are credited with the discovery of the element. From Swedish, tung sten meaning heavy stone
Discoverers | Fausto and Juan José de Elhuyar |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Spain |
Discovery Year | 1783 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Swedish: tung sten (heavy stone): symbol from its German name wolfram. |
Pronunciation | TUNG-sten (English) |
1 | s | 1.4343 |
2 | p | 4.4258 |
2 | s | 19.3302 |
3 | d | 13.5476 |
3 | p | 21.3824 |
3 | s | 22.13 |
4 | d | 36.8268 |
4 | f | 39.2892 |
4 | p | 34.4516 |
4 | s | 33.4412 |
5 | d | 57.258 |
5 | p | 52.6745 |
5 | s | 50.4585 |
6 | s | 64.1456 |