Tungsten (W)

Tungsten is the 74th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of W and atomic number of 74. It has an atomic weight of 183.84 and a mass number of 184. Tungsten has seventy-four protons and one hundred ten neutrons in its nucleus, and seventy-four electrons in six shells. It is located in group six, period six and block d of the periodic table. White or grey metallic transition element,formerly called Wolfram. Forms a protective oxide in air and can be oxidized at high temperature. First isolated by Jose and Fausto de Elhuyer in 1783.

Atomic Number	74
Atomic Weight	183.84
Mass Number	184

Group	6
Period	6
Block	d

Protons	74 p⁺
Neutrons	110 n⁰
Electrons	74 e^-

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	135 pm 253 pm
Molar Volume	9.53 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	137 pm 120 pm 115 pm 162 pm
Metallic Radius	130 pm 139 pm
Ionic Radius	66 pm 62 pm 42 pm 51 pm 60 pm
Crystal Radius	80 pm 76 pm 56 pm 65 pm 74 pm
Van der Waals Radius	210 pm 218 pm 239 pm 309.6 pm
Density	19.3 g/cm³ 17,600 kg/m³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	0.81626 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	7.86403 eV/particle 16.4 eV/particle 26.02 eV/particle 38.21 eV/particle 51.59 eV/particle 64.766 eV/particle 122.01 eV/particle 141.2 eV/particle 160.2 eV/particle 179 eV/particle 208.9 eV/particle 231.6 eV/particle 258.3 eV/particle 290.7 eV/particle 325.3 eV/particle 361.9 eV/particle 387.9 eV/particle 420.7 eV/particle 462.1 eV/particle 502.6 eV/particle 543.4 eV/particle 594.5 eV/particle 640.6 eV/particle 686 eV/particle 734.1 eV/particle 784.4 eV/particle 833.4 eV/particle 881.4 eV/particle 1,132.2 eV/particle 1,180 eV/particle 1,230.4 eV/particle 1,283.4 eV/particle 1,335.1 eV/particle 1,386.8 eV/particle 1,459.9 eV/particle 1,512.4 eV/particle 1,569.1 eV/particle 1,622 eV/particle 1,829.8 eV/particle 1,882.9 eV/particle 1,940.6 eV/particle 1,994.8 eV/particle 2,149.1 eV/particle 2,210 eV/particle 2,354 eV/particle 2,414.11 eV/particle 4,057 eV/particle 4,180 eV/particle 4,309 eV/particle 4,446 eV/particle 4,578 eV/particle 4,709 eV/particle 4,927 eV/particle 5,063 eV/particle 5,209 eV/particle 5,348 eV/particle 5,719 eV/particle 5,840 eV/particle 5,970 eV/particle 6,093 eV/particle 6,600 eV/particle 6,735 eV/particle 7,000 eV/particle 7,130 eV/particle 15,566 eV/particle 15,896 eV/particle 16,252 eV/particle 16,588 eV/particle 18,476 eV/particle 18,872 eV/particle 19,362 eV/particle 19,686.74 eV/particle 79,181.93 eV/particle 80,755.6 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	824 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	35 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	851 kJ/mol
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2

Valence Electrons	2 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s²

Oxidation States	-4, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Electronegativity	8.67 eV/particle 0.2390504 1.7
Electrophilicity Index	1.336370129915207 eV/particle
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	5,828.15 K
Melting Point	3,687.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Tungsten is a Gray. W has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #2194d6, and MOLCAS GV of #2194d6. The Appearance of Element 74 is grayish white, lustrous.
Color	Gray #ff1493 #2194d6 #2194d6
Appearance	grayish white, lustrous
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	173 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000045 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	24.27 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.132 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	20 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000004999999999997 Ω*m
Superconducting Point	0.015 K
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.00000000459 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000000844 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0000884
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Tungsten is BCC. The lattice constant of W is 3.16 Å. The lattice angles of Element 74 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Lattice Constant	3.16 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Tungsten has a Brinell of 2570 MPa, Mohs hardness of 7.5 MPa, and Vickers of 3430 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of W is 310 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 74 is 161 GPa. The Young Modulus of Tungsten (W) is 411 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Tungsten is 0.28. The Speed of Sound of W is 5174 m/s.
Hardness	2,570 MPa 7.5 MPa 3,430 MPa
Bulk Modulus	310 GPa
Shear Modulus	161 GPa
Young's Modulus	411 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.28
Speed of Sound	5,174 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Tungsten is VIA. The IUPAC Group of W is VIB. The Glawe Number of Element 74 is 57. The Mendeleev Number of Tungsten (W) is 53. The Pettifor Number of Tungsten is 56. The Goldschmidt Class of W is litophile.
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIA
IUPAC Group	VIB
Glawe Number	57
Mendeleev Number	53
Pettifor Number	56
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt Class	litophile

Other

The Dipole Polarizability of Tungsten is 68 plus or minus 15 a₀. W has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 757 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 74 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Tungsten (W) is 18.4. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Tungsten is 0.0036. The Quantum Numbers of W is 5D0. The Space Group of Element 74 is 229 (Im_3m).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	68 ± 15 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	757 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	18.4
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0036
Quantum Numbers	5D0
Space Group	229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Tungsten

Stable Isotopes	0
Unstable Isotopes	41
Natural Isotopes	5

¹⁵⁷W

Mass Number	157
Neutron Number	83
Relative Atomic Mass	156.978862 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	275 ± 40 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0%

¹⁵⁸W

Mass Number	158
Neutron Number	84
Relative Atomic Mass	157.974565 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.43 ± 0.18 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

¹⁵⁹W

Mass Number	159
Neutron Number	85
Relative Atomic Mass	158.972696 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	8.2 ± 0.7 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁶⁰W

Mass Number	160
Neutron Number	86
Relative Atomic Mass	159.968513946 ± 0.000160828 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	90 ± 5 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1979
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	87%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁶¹W

Mass Number	161
Neutron Number	87
Relative Atomic Mass	160.967249 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	409 ± 16 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	73%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	27%

¹⁶²W

Mass Number	162
Neutron Number	88
Relative Atomic Mass	161.963500341 ± 0.000018955 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.19 ± 0.12 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
α (α emission)	45.2%

¹⁶³W

Mass Number	163
Neutron Number	89
Relative Atomic Mass	162.962524251 ± 0.000062722 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.63 ± 0.09 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
α (α emission)	14%

¹⁶⁴W

Mass Number	164
Neutron Number	90
Relative Atomic Mass	163.958952445 ± 0.000010384 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.3 ± 0.2 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	96.2%
α (α emission)	3.8%

¹⁶⁵W

Mass Number	165
Neutron Number	91
Relative Atomic Mass	164.958280663 ± 0.000027649 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.1 ± 0.5 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1975
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)

¹⁶⁶W

Mass Number	166
Neutron Number	92
Relative Atomic Mass	165.955031952 ± 0.000010159 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	19.2 ± 0.6 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1975
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.965%
α (α emission)	0.035%

¹⁶⁷W

Mass Number	167
Neutron Number	93
Relative Atomic Mass	166.95481108 ± 0.000020078 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	19.9 ± 0.5 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.96%
α (α emission)	0.04%

¹⁶⁸W

Mass Number	168
Neutron Number	94
Relative Atomic Mass	167.951805459 ± 0.000014233 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	50.9 ± 1.9 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.0032%

¹⁶⁹W

Mass Number	169
Neutron Number	95
Relative Atomic Mass	168.951778689 ± 0.000016571 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	74 ± 6 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁰W

Mass Number	170
Neutron Number	96
Relative Atomic Mass	169.949231235 ± 0.000014165 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.42 ± 0.04 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷¹W

Mass Number	171
Neutron Number	97
Relative Atomic Mass	170.949451 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.38 ± 0.04 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1983
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷²W

Mass Number	172
Neutron Number	98
Relative Atomic Mass	171.947292 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.6 ± 0.9 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1964
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷³W

Mass Number	173
Neutron Number	99
Relative Atomic Mass	172.947689 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	7.6 ± 0.2 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁴W

Mass Number	174
Neutron Number	100
Relative Atomic Mass	173.946079 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	33.2 ± 2.1 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1964
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁵W

Mass Number	175
Neutron Number	101
Relative Atomic Mass	174.946717 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	35.2 ± 0.6 m
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁶W

Mass Number	176
Neutron Number	102
Relative Atomic Mass	175.945634 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.5 ± 0.1 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷⁷W

Mass Number	177
Neutron Number	103
Relative Atomic Mass	176.946643 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	132.4 ± 2 m
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁸W

Mass Number	178
Neutron Number	104
Relative Atomic Mass	177.945885791 ± 0.000016316 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	21.6 ± 0.3 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷⁹W

Mass Number	179
Neutron Number	105
Relative Atomic Mass	178.947079378 ± 0.000015644 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	37.05 ± 0.16 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁸⁰W

Mass Number	180
Neutron Number	106
Relative Atomic Mass	179.946713304 ± 0.000001545 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	0.12 ± 0.01
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.59 ± 0.5 Ey
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1937
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

¹⁸¹W

Mass Number	181
Neutron Number	107
Relative Atomic Mass	180.948218733 ± 0.000001554 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	120.956 ± 0.019 d
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁸²W

Mass Number	182
Neutron Number	108
Relative Atomic Mass	181.948205636 ± 0.000000799 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	26.5 ± 0.16
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1930
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)

¹⁸³W

Mass Number	183
Neutron Number	109
Relative Atomic Mass	182.950224416 ± 0.000000798 Da
G-Factor
Abundance	14.31 ± 0.04
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1930
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)

¹⁸⁴W

Mass Number	184
Neutron Number	110
Relative Atomic Mass	183.95093318 ± 0.000000792 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	30.64 ± 0.02
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1930
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)

¹⁸⁵W

Mass Number	185
Neutron Number	111
Relative Atomic Mass	184.953421206 ± 0.000000793 Da
G-Factor	0.362 ± 0.0093333333333333
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	75.1 ± 0.3 d
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1940
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁶W

Mass Number	186
Neutron Number	112
Relative Atomic Mass	185.95436514 ± 0.000001302 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	28.43 ± 0.19
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1930
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)
α (α emission)

¹⁸⁷W

Mass Number	187
Neutron Number	113
Relative Atomic Mass	186.957161249 ± 0.000001302 Da
G-Factor	0.414 ± 0.01
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	23.809 ± 0.025 h
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1940
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁸W

Mass Number	188
Neutron Number	114
Relative Atomic Mass	187.958488325 ± 0.000003316 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	69.77 ± 0.05 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁹W

Mass Number	189
Neutron Number	115
Relative Atomic Mass	188.961557 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	11.6 ± 0.2 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁹⁰W

Mass Number	190
Neutron Number	116
Relative Atomic Mass	189.963103542 ± 0.000037993 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	30 ± 1.5 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁹¹W

Mass Number	191
Neutron Number	117
Relative Atomic Mass	190.966531 ± 0.000045 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁹²W

Mass Number	192
Neutron Number	118
Relative Atomic Mass	191.968202 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁹³W

Mass Number	193
Neutron Number	119
Relative Atomic Mass	192.971884 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2009
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁹⁴W

Mass Number	194
Neutron Number	120
Relative Atomic Mass	193.973795 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2008
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁹⁵W

Mass Number	195
Neutron Number	121
Relative Atomic Mass	194.977735 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁹⁶W

Mass Number	196
Neutron Number	122
Relative Atomic Mass	195.979882 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁹⁷W

Mass Number	197
Neutron Number	123
Relative Atomic Mass	196.984036 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

History

Torbern Bergman obtained from scheelite an oxide of a new element in 1781. In 1783, José and Fausto Elhuyar found an acid made from wolframite that was identical to tungstic acid. Later that year, in Spain, the brothers succeeded in isolating tungsten by reduction of this acid with charcoal, and they are credited with the discovery of the element. From Swedish, tung sten meaning heavy stone

Discoverers	Fausto and Juan José de Elhuyar
Discovery Location	Spain
Discovery Year	1783
Etymology (Name Origin)	Swedish: tung sten (heavy stone): symbol from its German name wolfram.
Pronunciation	TUNG-sten (English)

Tungsten is considered to be of low toxicity

The chemical symbol, W, comes from the original name of the element, Wolfram

Uses

Tungsten and its alloys are widely used for filaments in electric bulbs and electronic tubes. Tungsten carbide is of great importance to the metal-working, mining, and petroleum industries. Tungsten oxides are used in ceramic glazes and calcium/magnesium tungstates are used widely in fluorescent lighting. Made into filaments for vacuum tubes and electric lights. Also as contact points in cars. Combined with calcium or magnesium it makes phosphors. Tungsten carbide is extremely hard and is used for making cutting tools and abrasives.

Sources

Occurs in the minerals scheelite (CaWO4) and wolframite [(Fe,Mn)WO4].

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	1.25 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)	0.0001 mg/L
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.000012 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.0000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000005 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.4343
2	p	4.4258
2	s	19.3302
3	d	13.5476
3	p	21.3824
3	s	22.13
4	d	36.8268
4	f	39.2892
4	p	34.4516
4	s	33.4412
5	d	57.258
5	p	52.6745
5	s	50.4585
6	s	64.1456

Also Known As

W
element 74
74W
wolfram

Translations

Spanishtungsteno
Norwegian Bokmålwolfram
Frenchtungstène
Italiantungsteno
Norwegian Nynorskwolfram
Afrikaanswolfram
Amharicተንግስተን
AragoneseTungstén
Arabicتنجستن
AzerbaijaniVolfram
Belarusianвальфрам
Bulgarianволфрам
Banglaটাংস্টেন
BretonWolfram
Bosnianvolfram
Catalantungstè
CorsicanTungstenu
Czechwolfram
ChuvashВольфрам
WelshTwngsten
Danishwolfram
GermanWolfram
Greekβολφράμιο
Esperantovolframo
Estonianvolfram
Basquewolfram
Persianتنگستن
Finnishvolframi
FriulianTungsten
IrishTungstan
GalicianVolframio
ManxTungsten
Hakka Chinesewolfram
Hebrewטונגסטן
Hindiटंगस्टन
Fiji HindiTungsten
CroatianVolfram
Hungarianvolfrám
Armenianվոլֆրամ
Interlinguatungsten
Indonesianwolfram
Idowolframo
Icelandicvolfram
Japaneseタングステン
Lojbanjarjinme
Georgianვოლფრამი
KazakhВольфрам
Kannadaಟಂಗ್‌ಸ್ಟನ್
Korean텅스텐
KurdishWolfram
KomiВольфрам
Latinwolframium
LuxembourgishWolfram
LigurianTungsten
LithuanianVolframas
Latvianvolframs
Malayalamടങ്സ്റ്റൺ
Marathiटंग्स्टन
Western MariВольфрам
Malaysiamang
Burmeseတန်စတင်
Low GermanWolfram
Dutchwolfraam
Polishwolfram
Western Panjabiٹنگسٹن
Portuguesetungsténio
QuechuaWolframyu
Romanianwolfram
Russianвольфрам
Siciliantungstenu
Serbo-CroatianVolfram
Slovakvolfrám
Slovenianvolfram
Serbianволфрам
Saterland FrisianWolfram
Swedishvolfram
Tamilதங்குதன்
Tajikволфрам
Thaiทังสเตน
TurkishTungsten
Uyghurۋولفرام
Ukrainianвольфрам
UrduTungsten
VepsVol'fram
Vietnamesevonfram
WarayTungsteno
KalmykВолфрам
Yiddishוואלפראם
YorubaWolframu
Chinese鎢
TagalogTungsten
CebuanoWolframyo
Macedonianволфрам
Central Kurdishتەنگەستێن
Odiaଟଙ୍ଗ୍‌ଷ୍ଟନ
Gujaratiટંગસ્ટન
English (United Kingdom)tungsten
Punjabiਟੰਗਸਟਨ
Occitantungstèn
PiedmonteseTongsten
Scotstungsten
Tatarвүлфырам
SwahiliWolframi
Literary Chinese鎢
SomaliTungsten
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Вальфрам
Cantonese鎢
ErzyaВольфрам
AlbanianTungsteni
UzbekVolfram
Chinese (China)钨
Chinese (Simplified)钨
Chinese (Traditional)鎢
Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)鎢
Chinese (Taiwan)鎢
KyrgyzВольфрам
cdoŬ
LimburgishWolfraam
Chinese (Macao SAR China)鎢
Chinese (Malaysia)钨
Chinese (Singapore)钨
Nepaliटङ्स्टेन
Sanskritटंग्स्टन
Mongolianгянтболд
Asturianvolframiu
Maltesetungstenu
LombardTungsteno
TuvinianВольфрам
Scottish GaelicTungstan
AromanianWolframu
Teluguటంగ్‌స్టన్
Min Nan ChineseTungsten
Bhojpuriटंग्स्टेन
Tibetanཊང་སི་ཊན།
Newariटंग्स्टेन
Paliटंग्स्टेन
Portuguese (Brazil)tungstênio
Lingua Franca Novauolfram
kbpTɔŋkɩsɩtɛnɩ
oloVol'framu
Northern FrisianWolfraam
hywՎողփրամ
Santaliᱴᱟᱸᱜᱟᱥᱴᱟᱱ
Wu Chinese钨
SardinianTungstenu
KotavaWungel
BashkirВольфрам
Moroccan Arabicتونݣستين
Egyptian Arabicتنجستن
Pashtoټونگسټن
BikolWolpramyo
CornishTungsten
BalineseTungstén
MalagasyTongstena
Korean (North Korea)월프람

Tungsten on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300011034
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3589
BNCF Thesaurus ID	4913
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	119624073
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	wolfram
CAB ID	281142
CAS Registry Number	7440-33-7
CPV Supplementary	AA27
Canadian Encyclopedia article ID	tungsten
ChEBI ID	27998
ChemSpider ID	22403
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14755000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID5031054
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID8052481
DeCS ID	14813
Den Store Danske ID	wolfram
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.312
Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID	190907
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/tungsten-chemical-element
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	tungstene
Freebase ID	/m/025sk79
French Vikidia ID	Tungstène
GND ID	4066862-9
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0148801
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	1928211
HSDB ID	5036
ICSC ID	1404
InChI	InChI=1S/W
InChIKey	WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Italian Vikidia ID	Tungsteno
KBpedia ID	Tungsten
KEGG ID	C00753
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/VOLFRAM.html
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85138607
MeSH descriptor ID	D014414
Mindat mineral ID	52513
NDL Authority ID	00572649
NKCR AUT ID	ph127499
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007556048605171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	369533
Online PWN Encyclopedia ID	3997692
OpenAlex ID	C2910815756
OpenAlex ID	C542268612
PSH ID	5770
PubChem CID	23964
Quora topic ID	Tungsten
RxNorm ID	1667702
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1181358
Store norske leksikon ID	wolfram
Treccani ID	tungsteno
U.S. National Archives Identifier	10641560
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/5021
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	13404
UNBIS Thesaurus ID	1006735
UNESCO Thesaurus ID	concept14025
UNII	V9306CXO6G
USGS Thesaurus ID	1600
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14683691-n
YSO ID	10600
ZVG number	7740
Zhihu topic ID	19819820

Tungsten (W)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Tungsten

157W

158W

159W

160W

161W

162W

163W

164W

165W

166W

167W

168W

169W

170W

171W

172W

173W

174W

175W

176W

177W

178W

179W

180W

181W

182W

183W

184W

185W

186W

187W

188W

189W

190W

191W

192W

193W

194W

195W

196W

197W