Rutherfordium (Rf)
Rutherfordium is the 104th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Rf and atomic number of 104. It has an atomic weight of (267) and a mass number of 253. Rutherfordium has one hundred four protons and one hundred forty-nine neutrons in its nucleus, and one hundred four electrons in seven shells. It is located in group four, period seven and block d of the periodic table. Radioactive transactinide element. Expected to have similar chemical properties to those displayed by hafnium. Rf-260 was discovered by the Joint Nuclear Research Institute at Dubna (U.S.S.R.) in 1964. Researchers at Berkeley discovered Unq-257 and Unq-258 in 1964.
| Atomic Number | 104 |
|---|---|
| Atomic Weight | 267 |
| Mass Number | 253 |
| Group | 4 |
|---|---|
| Period | 7 |
| Block | d |
| Protons | 104 p+ |
|---|---|
| Neutrons | 149 n0 |
| Electrons | 104 e- |
Physical Properties
| Atomic Radius | |
|---|---|
| Molar Volume | |
| Covalent Radius | |
| Metallic Radius | |
| Ionic Radius | |
| Crystal Radius | |
| Van der Waals Radius | |
| Density |
Chemical Properties
| Energy | |
|---|---|
| Proton Affinity | |
| Electron Affinity | |
| Ionization Energy | |
| Heat of Vaporization | |
| Heat of Fusion | |
| Heat of Formation | |
| Electrons | |
| Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2 |
 | |
| Valence Electrons | 2 ⓘ |
 | |
| Electron Configuration | [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 5f14 6d2 7s2 |
  | |
| Oxidation States | 4 |
| Electronegativity | |
| Electrophilicity Index | |
| States of Matter | |
| Phase | Solid |
| Gas Phase | |
| Boiling Point | |
| Melting Point | |
| Critical Pressure | |
| Critical Temperature | |
| Triple Point | |
| Visual | |
Rutherfordium is a Colorless. Rf has a Jmol of #cc0059. | |
| Color | Colorless
|
| Appearance | |
| Refractive Index | |
| Thermodynamic Properties | |
| Thermal Conductivity | |
| Thermal Expansion | |
| Molar Heat Capacity | |
| Specific Heat Capacity | |
| Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
| Electrical Properties | |
| Type | |
| Electrical Conductivity | |
| Electrical Resistivity | |
| Superconducting Point | |
| Magnetism | |
| Type | |
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | |
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | |
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | |
| Magnetic Ordering | |
| Curie Point | |
| Neel Point | |
| Structure | |
The lattice angles of Rutherfordium is . | |
| Crystal Structure | () |
| Lattice Constant | |
| Lattice Angles | |
| Mechanical Properties | |
| Hardness | |
| Bulk Modulus | |
| Shear Modulus | |
| Young's Modulus | |
| Poisson Ratio | |
| Speed of Sound | |
| Classification | |
The CAS Group of Rutherfordium is IVA. The IUPAC Group of Rf is IVB. The Mendeleev Number of Element 104 is 46. The Goldschmidt Class of Rutherfordium (Rf) is synthetic. | |
| Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
| CAS Group | IVA |
| IUPAC Group | IVB |
| Glawe Number | |
| Mendeleev Number | 46 |
| Pettifor Number | |
| Geochemical Class | |
| Goldschmidt Class | synthetic |
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Rutherfordium is 112 plus or minus 10 a₀. The Allotropes of Rf is . The Quantum Numbers of Element 104 is 3F2. The Space Group of Rutherfordium (Rf) is ().
| Gas Basicity | |
|---|---|
| Dipole Polarizability | |
| C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
| Allotropes | |
| Neutron Cross Section | |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | |
| Quantum Numbers | 3F2 |
| Space Group | () |
Isotopes of Rutherfordium
| Stable Isotopes | 0 |
|---|---|
| Unstable Isotopes | 16 |
| Natural Isotopes | 0 |
253Rf
| Mass Number | 253 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 149 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 13 ± 5 ms
|
| Spin | 7/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1997 |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 100% |
| α (α emission) |
254Rf
| Mass Number | 254 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 150 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 22.9 ± 1 us
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1997 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 100% |
| α (α emission) | 1.5% |
255Rf
| Mass Number | 255 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 151 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 1.63 ± 0.05 s
|
| Spin | 9/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1975 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 52.8% |
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 47.2% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 6% |
256Rf
| Mass Number | 256 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 152 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 6.6 ± 0.05 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1975 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 99.69% |
| α (α emission) | 0.31% |
257Rf
| Mass Number | 257 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 153 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 5 ± 0.2 s
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1969 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 89.3% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 9.4% |
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 1.3% |
258Rf
| Mass Number | 258 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 154 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 12.5 ± 0.5 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1969 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 95.1% |
| α (α emission) | 4.9% |
259Rf
| Mass Number | 259 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 155 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 2.63 ± 0.26 s
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1969 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | 85% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 15% |
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 3% |
260Rf
| Mass Number | 260 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 156 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 21 ± 1 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1985 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 100% |
| α (α emission) | |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
261Rf
| Mass Number | 261 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 157 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 2.1 ± 0.2 s
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1970 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 82% |
| α (α emission) | 18% |
262Rf
| Mass Number | 262 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 158 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 250 ± 100 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1985 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 100% |
263Rf
| Mass Number | 263 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 159 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 11 ± 3 m
|
| Spin | |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2003 |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 100% |
| α (α emission) |
264Rf
| Mass Number | 264 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 160 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) |
265Rf
| Mass Number | 265 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 161 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 1.6 ± 0.6 m
|
| Spin | 9/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2010 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 100% |
| α (α emission) |
266Rf
| Mass Number | 266 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 162 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | |
| SF (spontaneous fission) |
267Rf
| Mass Number | 267 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 163 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 2.5 ± 1.5 h
|
| Spin | |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2004 |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| SF (spontaneous fission) | 100% |
268Rf
| Mass Number | 268 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 164 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| α (α emission) | |
| SF (spontaneous fission) |
History
Rutherfordium was reportedly first detected in 1964 at the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research at Dubna. The element was synthesized by Albert Ghiorso, Matti Nurmia, James Andrew Harris, Kari Eskola and Pirkko Eskola in 1968 at the University of California, Berkeley. It was produced by the bombardment of californium with carbon atoms. Named after Ernest Rutherford, the physicist and chemist from New Zealand
| Discoverers | A. Ghiorso, et al |
|---|---|
| Discovery Location | United States |
| Discovery Year | 1969 |
| Etymology (Name Origin) | Named in honor of Ernest Rutherford |
| Pronunciation | ruth-er-FORD-i-em (English) |
Rutherfordium is harmful due to its radioactivity
Rutherfordium is the first transactinide element
Uses
Rutherfordium is used for scientific research purposes only. It has no significant commercial applications.
Sources
Made by bombarding californium-249 with beams of carbon-12 and 13, which produced an isotope with half lives of 4+ and 3 sec.
| Abundance | |
|---|---|
| Abundance in Earth's crust | |
| Natural Abundance (Oceans) | |
| Natural Abundance (Human Body) | 0 %
|
| Natural Abundance (Meteor) | 0 %
|
| Natural Abundance (Sun) | 0 %
|
| Abundance in Universe | 0 %
|
Nuclear Screening Constants
Also Known As
- element 104
- kurchatovium
- Rf
- Ku
- unnilquadium
- Unq
Translations
- Norwegian Bokmålrutherfordium
- Frenchrutherfordium
- Norwegian Nynorskrutherfordium
- Swedishrutherfordium
- Danishrutherfordium
- GermanRutherfordium
- Hungarianraderfordium
- Amharicሩተርፎርዲየም
- AragoneseRutherfordio
- Arabicرذرفورديوم
- AzerbaijaniRezerfordium
- BelarusianКурчатовій
- Bulgarianръдърфордий
- Banglaরাদারফোর্ডিয়াম
- BretonRutherfordiom
- Bosnianraderfordij
- Catalanrutherfordi
- CorsicanRutherfordiu
- Czechrutherfordium
- ChuvashРезерфорди
- WelshRutherfordiwm
- Greekραδερφόρντιο
- Esperantoruterfordio
- Spanishrutherfordio
- Estonianrutherfordium
- Basquerutherfordio
- Persianرادرفوردیم
- Finnishrutherfordium
- FriulianRutherfordi
- Irishrutarfoirdiam
- Galicianrutherfordio
- ManxRutherfordium
- Hakka Chineserutherfordium
- Hebrewרתרפורדיום
- Fiji HindiRutherfordium
- Croatianraderfordij
- Armenianռեզերֆորդիում
- Interlinguarutherfordium
- Indonesianruterfordium
- Idoruterfordio
- Icelandicrutherfordín
- Italianrutherfordio
- Japaneseラザホージウム
- Lojbanjinmlruterfordi
- JavaneseRutherfordium
- KazakhРезерфордий
- Kannadaರುದರ್ಫೋರ್ಡಿಯಮ್
- Korean러더포듐
- KurdishRuterfordiyûm
- KomiРезерфордий
- Latinrutherfordium
- LuxembourgishRutherfordium
- LigurianRutherfordio
- Lithuanianrezerfordis
- Latvianrezerfordijs
- Malayalamറുഥർഫോർഡിയം
- Marathiरुदरफोर्डियम
- Western MariРезерфордий
- MalayRuterfordium
- Dutchrutherfordium
- Punjabiਰੂਥੇਨੀਅਮ
- Polishrutherford
- Western Panjabiرتھرفورڈیم
- Portugueserutherfórdio
- QuechuaRutherfordyu
- Romanianrutherfordiu
- Russianрезерфордий
- Sicilianrutirfordiu
- Serbo-CroatianRaderfordijum
- Slovakrutherfordium
- Slovenianraderfordij
- Serbianрадерфордијум
- Saterland FrisianRutherfordium
- SwahiliRutherfordi
- Thaiรัทเทอร์ฟอร์เดียม
- Turkishrutherfordiyum
- Uyghurرۇزېرفوردىي
- Ukrainianрезерфордій
- Urduردرفورڈیئم
- VepsRezerfordii
- Vietnameserutherfordi
- WarayRutherfordyo
- KalmykРезерфордиум
- YorubaRutherfordium
- Chinese鑪
- CebuanoRuterfordyo
- Macedonianрадерфордиум
- Central Kurdishڕەدەرفۆرتیۆم
- Odiaରଦର୍ଫୋର୍ଡ଼ିଅମ
- Gujaratiરુથરફોર્ડીયમ
- Tamilருதர்ஃபோர்டியம்
- Occitanrutherfòrdi
- Tatarрезерфордий
- Hindiरदरफोर्डियम
- SomaliRutherfordium
- Albanianrutherfordiumi
- Newariरुथरफोर्डियम
- Cantonese鑪
- Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Рэзэрфорд
- Chinese (China)𬬻
- Chinese (Simplified)𬬻
- Chinese (Traditional)鑪
- Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)鑪
- Chinese (Taiwan)鑪
- AromanianRutherfordiu
- UzbekRezerfordiy
- KyrgyzРезерфордий
- Nepaliरदर्फोर्डियम
- LimburgishRutherfordium
- Sanskritरुथरफोर्डियम
- Malteserutherfordju
- Scottish GaelicRutherfordium
- Scotsrutherfordium
- Bhojpuriरदरफोर्डियम
- Teluguరూథర్ఫోర్డియం
- cdoRutherfordium
- Min Nan ChineseRutherfordium
- Paliरुथरफोर्डियम
- AsturianRutherfordiu
- English (United Kingdom)rutherfordium
- Chinese (Macao SAR China)鑪
- Chinese (Malaysia)𬬻
- Chinese (Singapore)𬬻
- Portuguese (Brazil)rutherfórdio
- Tibetanརུ་ཐར་ཧྦོར་ཌིམ།
- Literary Chinese鑪
- TagalogRuterpordiyo
- kbpRʊtɛrfɔrdɩyɔm
- AfrikaansRutherfordium
- Lingua Franca Novaruterfordio
- Northern FrisianRutherfordium
- Volapükruterfordin
- Low GermanRutherfordium
- TajikРезерфордий
- Georgianრეზერფორდიუმი
- Mongolianрезерфорди
- Wu Chinese𬬻
- SardinianRutherfòrdiu
- Burmeseရူသာဖော်ဒီယမ်
- Moroccan Arabicروذرفورديوم
- BashkirРезерфордий
- Egyptian Arabicرذرفورديوم
- Pashtoردرفورديوم
- Manipuriꯔꯨꯊꯔꯐꯣꯔꯗꯤꯌꯝ
- CornishRutherfordiom
- BalineseRutherfordium
- BikolRuterpordiyo
