Rutherfordium (Rf)

Rutherfordium is the 104th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Rf and atomic number of 104. It has an atomic weight of (267) and a mass number of 253. Rutherfordium has one hundred four protons and one hundred forty-nine neutrons in its nucleus, and one hundred four electrons in seven shells. It is located in group four, period seven and block d of the periodic table. Radioactive transactinide element. Expected to have similar chemical properties to those displayed by hafnium. Rf-260 was discovered by the Joint Nuclear Research Institute at Dubna (U.S.S.R.) in 1964. Researchers at Berkeley discovered Unq-257 and Unq-258 in 1964.

Atomic Number	104
Atomic Weight	267
Mass Number	253

Group	4
Period	7
Block	d

Protons	104 p⁺
Neutrons	149 n⁰
Electrons	104 e^-

Animated Bohr Model of Rf (Rutherfordium)

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius
Molar Volume
Covalent Radius	157 pm 140 pm 131 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius
Crystal Radius
Van der Waals Radius
Density	23.3 g/cm³
Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity
Ionization Energy	6.01 eV/particle 14.7 eV/particle 23.9 eV/particle 31.7 eV/particle 64 eV/particle 77 eV/particle 102 eV/particle 119 eV/particle 146.1 eV/particle 169 eV/particle 193 eV/particle 225 eV/particle 244 eV/particle 275 eV/particle 791 eV/particle 825 eV/particle 860 eV/particle 899 eV/particle 936 eV/particle 972 eV/particle 1,036 eV/particle 1,073 eV/particle 1,114 eV/particle 1,151 eV/particle 3,857 eV/particle 3,938 eV/particle 4,025 eV/particle 4,116 eV/particle 4,203 eV/particle 4,287 eV/particle 4,489 eV/particle 4,580 eV/particle 4,670 eV/particle 4,760 eV/particle 5,120 eV/particle 5,210 eV/particle 5,300 eV/particle 5,390 eV/particle 6,100 eV/particle 6,200 eV/particle 6,470 eV/particle 6,570 eV/particle 10,170 eV/particle 10,360 eV/particle 10,560 eV/particle 10,780 eV/particle 10,980 eV/particle 11,180 eV/particle 11,750 eV/particle 11,960 eV/particle 12,200 eV/particle 12,410 eV/particle 13,010 eV/particle 13,190 eV/particle 13,400 eV/particle 13,600 eV/particle 15,800 eV/particle 16,000 eV/particle 16,400 eV/particle 16,700 eV/particle 33,100 eV/particle 33,600 eV/particle 34,100 eV/particle 34,600 eV/particle 42,700 eV/particle 43,400 eV/particle 44,300 eV/particle 177,148 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization
Heat of Fusion
Heat of Formation
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2

Valence Electrons	2
Electron Configuration	[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d² 7s²

Oxidation States	4
Electronegativity
Electrophilicity
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point
Melting Point
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Rutherfordium is a Colorless. Rf has a Jmol of #cc0059.
Color	Colorless #cc0059
Appearance
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Molar Heat Capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type
Electrical Conductivity
Electrical Resistivity
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The lattice angles of Rutherfordium is .
Crystal Structure	()
Lattice Constant
Lattice Angles
Mechanical Properties

Hardness
Bulk Modulus
Shear Modulus
Young Modulus
Poisson Ratio
Speed of Sound
Classification
The CAS Group of Rutherfordium is IVA. The IUPAC Group of Rf is IVB. The Mendeleev Number of Element 104 is 46. The Goldschmidt Class of Rutherfordium (Rf) is synthetic.
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	IVA
IUPAC Group	IVB
Glawe Number
Mendeleev Number	46
Pettifor Number
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt Class	synthetic
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Rutherfordium is 112 plus or minus 10 a₀. The Allotropes of Rf is . The Quantum Numbers of Element 104 is 3F2. The Space Group of Rutherfordium (Rf) is ().
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	112 ± 10 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section
Neutron Mass Absorption
Quantum Numbers	3F2
Space Group	()

Isotopes of Rutherfordium

Stable Isotopes	0
Unstable Isotopes	16
Radioactive Isotopes	16

²⁵³Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	253.100528 ± 0.00044 Da
Mass Number	253
G-Factor
Half Life	13 ± 5 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1997
Parity

²⁵³Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
SF (spontaneous fission)	100%
α (α emission)	%

²⁵⁴Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	254.100055 ± 0.000304 Da
Mass Number	254
G-Factor	0
Half Life	22.9 ± 1 us
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1997
Parity	+

²⁵⁴Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
SF (spontaneous fission)	100%
α (α emission)	1.5%

²⁵⁵Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	255.101267 ± 0.000194 Da
Mass Number	255
G-Factor
Half Life	1.63 ± 0.05 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1975
Parity	-

²⁵⁵Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	52.8%
SF (spontaneous fission)	47.2%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	6%

²⁵⁶Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	256.101151464 ± 0.00001916 Da
Mass Number	256
G-Factor	0
Half Life	6.6 ± 0.05 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1975
Parity	+

²⁵⁶Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
SF (spontaneous fission)	99.69%
α (α emission)	0.31%

²⁵⁷Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	257.102916796 ± 0.000011612 Da
Mass Number	257
G-Factor
Half Life	5 ± 0.2 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	+

²⁵⁷Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	89.3%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	9.4%
SF (spontaneous fission)	1.3%

²⁵⁸Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	258.103429895 ± 0.000017288 Da
Mass Number	258
G-Factor	0
Half Life	12.5 ± 0.5 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	+

²⁵⁸Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
SF (spontaneous fission)	95.1%
α (α emission)	4.9%

²⁵⁹Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	259.105601 ± 0.000078 Da
Mass Number	259
G-Factor
Half Life	2.63 ± 0.26 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	+

²⁵⁹Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	85%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	15%
SF (spontaneous fission)	3%

²⁶⁰Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	260.10644 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	260
G-Factor	0
Half Life	21 ± 1 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	+

²⁶⁰Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
SF (spontaneous fission)	100%
α (α emission)	%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

²⁶¹Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	261.108769591 ± 0.000070492 Da
Mass Number	261
G-Factor
Half Life	2.1 ± 0.2 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

²⁶¹Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
SF (spontaneous fission)	82%
α (α emission)	18%

²⁶²Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	262.109923 ± 0.00024 Da
Mass Number	262
G-Factor	0
Half Life	250 ± 100 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	+

²⁶²Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
SF (spontaneous fission)	100%

²⁶³Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	263.112461 ± 0.000164 Da
Mass Number	263
G-Factor
Half Life	11 ± 3 m
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2003
Parity

²⁶³Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
SF (spontaneous fission)	100%
α (α emission)	%

²⁶⁴Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	264.113876 ± 0.000387 Da
Mass Number	264
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year
Parity	+

²⁶⁴Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	%

²⁶⁵Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	265.116683 ± 0.000387 Da
Mass Number	265
G-Factor
Half Life	1.6 ± 0.6 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

²⁶⁵Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
SF (spontaneous fission)	100%
α (α emission)	%

²⁶⁶Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	266.118236 ± 0.000443 Da
Mass Number	266
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year
Parity	+

²⁶⁶Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	%
SF (spontaneous fission)	%

²⁶⁷Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	267.121787 ± 0.000617 Da
Mass Number	267
G-Factor
Half Life	2.5 ± 1.5 h
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2004
Parity

²⁶⁷Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
SF (spontaneous fission)	100%

²⁶⁸Rf

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	268.123968 ± 0.000711 Da
Mass Number	268
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year
Parity	+

²⁶⁸Rf Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	%
SF (spontaneous fission)	%

History

Rutherfordium was reportedly first detected in 1964 at the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research at Dubna. The element was synthesized by Albert Ghiorso, Matti Nurmia, James Andrew Harris, Kari Eskola and Pirkko Eskola in 1968 at the University of California, Berkeley. It was produced by the bombardment of californium with carbon atoms. Named after Ernest Rutherford, the physicist and chemist from New Zealand

Discoverers	A. Ghiorso, et al
Discovery Location	United States
Discovery Year	1969
Etymology (Name Origin)	Named in honor of Ernest Rutherford
Pronunciation	ruth-er-FORD-i-em (English)

Rutherfordium is harmful due to its radioactivity

Rutherfordium is the first transactinide element

Uses

Rutherfordium is used for scientific research purposes only. It has no significant commercial applications.

Sources

Made by bombarding californium-249 with beams of carbon-12 and 13, which produced an isotope with half lives of 4+ and 3 sec.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
Abundance in Oceans
Abundance in Human Body	0 %
Abundance in Meteor	0 %
Abundance in Sun	0 %
Abundance in Universe	0 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

Rutherfordium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3570
CAS Registry Number	53850-36-5
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID40669690
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID30718944
Den Store Danske ID	rutherfordium
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/rutherfordium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	rutherfordium
Freebase ID	/m/025sd1x
GND ID	4508940-1
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0140404
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	3503477
InChI	InChI=1S/Rf
InChIKey	YGPLJIIQQIDVFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Rutherfordium
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	353376
PubChem CID	56951715
Store norske leksikon ID	rutherfordium
Treccani ID	kurciatovio
USGS Thesaurus ID	1564
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14677595-n

Rutherfordium (Rf)

Properties

Isotopes of Rutherfordium

253Rf

253Rf Decay Modes

254Rf

254Rf Decay Modes

255Rf

255Rf Decay Modes

256Rf

256Rf Decay Modes

257Rf

257Rf Decay Modes

258Rf

258Rf Decay Modes

259Rf

259Rf Decay Modes

260Rf

260Rf Decay Modes

261Rf

261Rf Decay Modes

262Rf

262Rf Decay Modes

263Rf

263Rf Decay Modes

264Rf

264Rf Decay Modes

265Rf

265Rf Decay Modes

266Rf

266Rf Decay Modes

267Rf

267Rf Decay Modes

268Rf

268Rf Decay Modes