Rhodium (Rh)

Rhodium is the 45th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Rh and atomic number of 45. It has an atomic weight of 102.90550 and a mass number of 103. Rhodium has forty-five protons and fifty-eight neutrons in its nucleus, and forty-five electrons in five shells. It is located in group nine, period five and block d of the periodic table. Silvery white metallic transition element. Found with platinum and used in some platinum alloys. Not attacked by acids, dissolves only in aqua regia. Discovered in 1803 by W.H. Wollaston.

Atomic Number	45
Atomic Weight	102.9055
Mass Number	103

Group	9
Period	5
Block	d

Protons	45 p⁺
Neutrons	58 n⁰
Electrons	45 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	135 pm 233 pm
Molar Volume	8.3 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	125 pm 110 pm 106 pm 142 pm
Metallic Radius	125 pm 134 pm
Ionic Radius	66.5 pm 60 pm 55 pm
Crystal Radius	80.5 pm 74 pm 69 pm
Van der Waals Radius	200 pm 210 pm 234 pm 292.9 pm
Density	12.4 g/cm³ 10,700 kg/m³
Energy
Proton Affinity	768 kJ/mol
Electron Affinity	1.137 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	7.4589 eV/particle 18.08 eV/particle 31.06 eV/particle 42 eV/particle 63 eV/particle 80 eV/particle 97 eV/particle 115.1 eV/particle 135 eV/particle 207.51 eV/particle 228 eV/particle 252.1 eV/particle 277 eV/particle 306 eV/particle 331.58 eV/particle 389 eV/particle 416 eV/particle 739 eV/particle 794 eV/particle 857 eV/particle 921 eV/particle 984 eV/particle 1,061 eV/particle 1,131 eV/particle 1,202 eV/particle 1,274 eV/particle 1,344 eV/particle 1,544 eV/particle 1,604.9 eV/particle 1,677.6 eV/particle 1,763 eV/particle 1,851 eV/particle 1,903 eV/particle 2,063 eV/particle 2,129.224 eV/particle 5,018 eV/particle 5,203 eV/particle 5,406 eV/particle 5,600 eV/particle 5,940 eV/particle 6,161 eV/particle 6,444 eV/particle 6,623.262 eV/particle 27,486.982 eV/particle 28,311.96 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	494 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	21.8 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	556 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 16, 1

Valence Electrons	1
Electron Configuration	[Kr] 4d⁸ 5s¹

Oxidation States	-3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Electronegativity	9.259 eV/particle 0.1408379 2.28
Electrophilicity	1.4609827901817496 eV/particle
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	3,968.15 K
Melting Point	2,236.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Rhodium is a Silver. Rh has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #0a7d8c, and MOLCAS GV of #0a7d8c. The Appearance of Element 45 is silvery white metallic.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #0a7d8c #0a7d8c
Appearance	silvery white metallic
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	150 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.000008 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	24.98 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.243 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	23 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000004300000000003 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000136 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.0000000014 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0001693
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Rhodium is FCC. The lattice constant of Rh is 3.8 Å. The lattice angles of Element 45 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Lattice Constant	3.8 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Rhodium has a Brinell of 1100 MPa, Mohs hardness of 6 MPa, and Vickers of 1246 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Rh is 380 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 45 is 150 GPa. The Young Modulus of Rhodium (Rh) is 275 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Rhodium is 0.26. The Speed of Sound of Rh is 4700 m/s.
Hardness	1,100 MPa 6 MPa 1,246 MPa
Bulk Modulus	380 GPa
Shear Modulus	150 GPa
Young Modulus	275 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.26
Speed of Sound	4,700 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Rhodium is VIIIA. The IUPAC Group of Rh is VIII. The Glawe Number of Element 45 is 63. The Mendeleev Number of Rhodium (Rh) is 64. The Pettifor Number of Rhodium is 66. The Geochemical Class of Rh is noble metal. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 45 is siderophile.
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIIA
IUPAC Group	VIII
Glawe Number	63
Mendeleev Number	64
Pettifor Number	66
Geochemical Class	noble metal
Goldschmidt Class	siderophile
Other
The Gas Basicity of Rhodium is 745.4 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of Rh is 66 plus or minus 10 a₀. Element 45 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 708 a₀. The Allotropes of Rhodium (Rh) is . The Neutron Cross Section of Rhodium is 145. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Rh is 0.063. The Quantum Numbers of Element 45 is 4F9/2. The Space Group of Rhodium (Rh) is 225 (Fm_3m).
Gas Basicity	745.4 kJ/mol
Dipole Polarizability	66 ± 10 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	708 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	145
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.063
Quantum Numbers	4F9/2
Space Group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Rhodium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	40
Radioactive Isotopes	39

⁸⁸Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	87.960429 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	88
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity

⁸⁸Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

⁸⁹Rh

Abundance
Relative Atomic Mass	88.950992 ± 0.000387 Da
Mass Number	89
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

⁸⁹Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%
p (proton emission)	%

⁹⁰Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	89.944569 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	90
G-Factor	0
Half Life	29 ± 3 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

⁹⁰Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.7%

⁹¹Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	90.937123 ± 0.00032 Da
Mass Number	91
G-Factor
Half Life	1.47 ± 0.22 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

⁹¹Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.3%

⁹²Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	91.932367692 ± 0.0000047 Da
Mass Number	92
G-Factor
Half Life	5.61 ± 0.08 s
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

⁹²Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	2.05%

⁹³Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	92.925912778 ± 0.000002821 Da
Mass Number	93
G-Factor
Half Life	13.9 ± 1.6 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

⁹³Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁴Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	93.92173045 ± 0.000003627 Da
Mass Number	94
G-Factor
Half Life	70.6 ± 0.6 s
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1979
Parity	+

⁹⁴Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.8%

⁹⁵Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	94.915897893 ± 0.000004171 Da
Mass Number	95
G-Factor
Half Life	5.02 ± 0.1 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1967
Parity

⁹⁵Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁶Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	95.914451705 ± 0.000010737 Da
Mass Number	96
G-Factor
Half Life	9.9 ± 0.1 m
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	+

⁹⁶Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁷Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	96.911327872 ± 0.000038071 Da
Mass Number	97
G-Factor
Half Life	30.7 ± 0.6 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1955
Parity	+

⁹⁷Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁸Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	97.910707734 ± 0.000012782 Da
Mass Number	98
G-Factor
Half Life	8.72 ± 0.12 m
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1955
Parity

⁹⁸Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁹Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	98.908121241 ± 0.000020881 Da
Mass Number	99
G-Factor
Half Life	16.1 ± 0.2 d
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1952
Parity	-

⁹⁹Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁰Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	99.908114147 ± 0.000019458 Da
Mass Number	100
G-Factor
Half Life	20.8 ± 0.1 h
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	-

¹⁰⁰Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	95.1%
e⁺ (positron emission)	4.9%

¹⁰¹Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	100.906158903 ± 0.00000627 Da
Mass Number	101
G-Factor
Half Life	4.07 ± 0.05 y
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	-

¹⁰¹Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁰²Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	101.906834282 ± 0.00000688 Da
Mass Number	102
G-Factor	0.25 ± 0.2
Half Life	207 ± 1.5 d
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1941
Parity	-

¹⁰²Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	78%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	22%

¹⁰³Rh

Abundance	100
Relative Atomic Mass	102.905494081 ± 0.00000247 Da
Mass Number	103
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1934
Parity	-

¹⁰⁴Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	103.906645309 ± 0.000002471 Da
Mass Number	104
G-Factor
Half Life	42.3 ± 0.4 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	+

¹⁰⁴Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	99.55%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	0.45%

¹⁰⁵Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	104.905687787 ± 0.000002685 Da
Mass Number	105
G-Factor	1.26 ± 0.014285714285714
Half Life	35.341 ± 0.019 h
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1945
Parity	+

¹⁰⁵Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁶Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	105.907285879 ± 0.000005786 Da
Mass Number	106
G-Factor	2.55 ± 0.03
Half Life	30.07 ± 0.35 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

¹⁰⁶Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁷Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	106.906747975 ± 0.000012937 Da
Mass Number	107
G-Factor
Half Life	21.7 ± 0.4 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

¹⁰⁷Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁸Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	107.908715304 ± 0.000015026 Da
Mass Number	108
G-Factor
Half Life	16.8 ± 0.5 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1955
Parity	+

¹⁰⁸Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁹Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	108.908749555 ± 0.000004336 Da
Mass Number	109
G-Factor
Half Life	80.8 ± 0.7 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	+

¹⁰⁹Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁰Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	109.911079745 ± 0.000019114 Da
Mass Number	110
G-Factor
Half Life	3.35 ± 0.12 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	+

¹¹⁰Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹¹Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	110.911643164 ± 0.000007356 Da
Mass Number	111
G-Factor
Half Life	11 ± 1 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1975
Parity	+

¹¹¹Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹²Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	111.914405199 ± 0.000047327 Da
Mass Number	112
G-Factor
Half Life	3.4 ± 0.4 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	+

¹¹²Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹³Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	112.915440212 ± 0.000007656 Da
Mass Number	113
G-Factor
Half Life	2.8 ± 0.12 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	+

¹¹³Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁴Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	113.91872168 ± 0.000076824 Da
Mass Number	114
G-Factor
Half Life	1.85 ± 0.05 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1988
Parity	+

¹¹⁴Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁵Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	114.920311649 ± 0.000007857 Da
Mass Number	115
G-Factor
Half Life	1.03 ± 3 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1988
Parity	+

¹¹⁵Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹¹⁶Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	115.92406206 ± 0.000079261 Da
Mass Number	116
G-Factor
Half Life	685 ± 39 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

¹¹⁶Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	2.1%

¹¹⁷Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	116.926036291 ± 0.000009548 Da
Mass Number	117
G-Factor
Half Life	421 ± 30 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1991
Parity	+

¹¹⁷Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	7.6%

¹¹⁸Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	117.930341116 ± 0.000026018 Da
Mass Number	118
G-Factor
Half Life	282 ± 9 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹¹⁸Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	3.1%

¹¹⁹Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	118.932556951 ± 0.00001 Da
Mass Number	119
G-Factor
Half Life	190 ± 6 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹¹⁹Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	6.4%

¹²⁰Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	119.937069 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	120
G-Factor
Half Life	129.6 ± 4.2 ms
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	-

¹²⁰Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	9.3%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹²¹Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	120.939613 ± 0.000665 Da
Mass Number	121
G-Factor
Half Life	74 ± 4 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹²¹Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	11%

¹²²Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	121.944305 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	122
G-Factor
Half Life	51 ± 6 ms
Spin	7
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1997
Parity	-

¹²²Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	3.9%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹²³Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	122.947192 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	123
G-Factor
Half Life	42 ± 4 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

¹²³Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	24%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹²⁴Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	123.952002 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	124
G-Factor
Half Life	30 ± 2 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

¹²⁴Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	31%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹²⁵Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	124.955094 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	125
G-Factor
Half Life	26.5 ± 2 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

¹²⁵Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹²⁶Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	125.960064 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	126
G-Factor
Half Life	19 ± 3 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

¹²⁶Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹²⁷Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	126.963789 ± 0.000644 Da
Mass Number	127
G-Factor
Half Life	28 ± 14 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2015
Parity	+

¹²⁷Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹²⁸Rh

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	127.970649 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	128
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity

¹²⁸Rh Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

History

Rhodium was discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston in London. He used crude platinum ore presumably obtained from South America. The introduction of the three way catalytic converter by Volvo in 1976 increased the demand for rhodium. From the Greek word rhodon, rose

Discoverers	William Wollaston
Discovery Location	England
Discovery Year	1803
Etymology (Name Origin)	Greek: rhodon (rose). Its salts give a rosy solution.
Pronunciation	RO-di-em (English)

Rhodium is considered to be non-toxic

Rhodium metal does not normally form an oxide, even when heated

Uses

The element's major use is as one of the catalysts in the three-way catalytic converters in automobiles. Rhodium is used as an alloying agent for hardening and improving the corrosion resistance of platinum and palladium. It is also used as a filter in mammography systems because of the characteristic X-rays it produces. Rhodium is also used for jewelry and for decorations. Used as a coating to prevent wear on high quality science equipment and with platinum to make thermocouples.

Sources

Obtained as a by-product of nickel production.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.001 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor	0.000018 %
Abundance in Sun	0.0000002 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000006 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.9244
2	p	4.0596
2	s	11.8454
3	d	14.595
3	p	16.8456
3	s	16.5615
4	d	31.5576
4	p	27.8604
4	s	26.4184
5	s	38.3605

Rhodium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3567
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	12218903f
CAB ID	260578
CAS Registry Number	7440-16-6
CPV Supplementary	AA22
ChEBI ID	33359
ChemSpider ID	22389
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14744000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID0031053
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID3052480
Den Store Danske ID	rhodium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.295
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/rhodium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	rhodium
Freebase ID	/m/025scm0
GND ID	4178038-3
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	3512402
HSDB ID	2534
ICSC ID	1247
IEDB Epitope ID	131798
InChI	InChI=1S/Rh
InChIKey	MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Rhodium
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	97979
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85113755
MeSH descriptor ID	D012238
NDL Authority ID	00569786
NKCR AUT ID	ph202578
Namuwiki ID	로듐
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007536337205171
National Library of Latvia ID	000307942
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	349380
OpenAlex ID	C521398313
PSH ID	5781
PubChem CID	23948
Quora topic ID	Rhodium-1
RxNorm ID	1311402
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1029548
Store norske leksikon ID	rhodium
Treccani ID	rodio
UNII	DMK383DSAC
USGS Thesaurus ID	1559
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Rhodium"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14676802-n
ZVG number	7450

Rhodium (Rh)

Properties

Isotopes of Rhodium

88Rh

88Rh Decay Modes

89Rh

89Rh Decay Modes

90Rh

90Rh Decay Modes

91Rh

91Rh Decay Modes

92Rh

92Rh Decay Modes

93Rh

93Rh Decay Modes

94Rh

94Rh Decay Modes

95Rh

95Rh Decay Modes

96Rh

96Rh Decay Modes

97Rh

97Rh Decay Modes

98Rh

98Rh Decay Modes

99Rh

99Rh Decay Modes

100Rh

100Rh Decay Modes

101Rh

101Rh Decay Modes

102Rh

102Rh Decay Modes

103Rh

104Rh

104Rh Decay Modes

105Rh

105Rh Decay Modes

106Rh

106Rh Decay Modes

107Rh

107Rh Decay Modes

108Rh

108Rh Decay Modes

109Rh

109Rh Decay Modes

110Rh

110Rh Decay Modes

111Rh

111Rh Decay Modes

112Rh

112Rh Decay Modes

113Rh

113Rh Decay Modes

114Rh

114Rh Decay Modes

115Rh

115Rh Decay Modes

116Rh

116Rh Decay Modes

117Rh

117Rh Decay Modes

118Rh

118Rh Decay Modes

119Rh

119Rh Decay Modes

120Rh

120Rh Decay Modes

121Rh

121Rh Decay Modes

122Rh

122Rh Decay Modes

123Rh

123Rh Decay Modes

124Rh

124Rh Decay Modes

125Rh

125Rh Decay Modes

126Rh

126Rh Decay Modes