Rhodium (Rh)

Rhodium is the 45th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Rh and atomic number of 45. It has an atomic weight of 102.90550 and a mass number of 103. Rhodium has forty-five protons and fifty-eight neutrons in its nucleus, and forty-five electrons in five shells. It is located in group nine, period five and block d of the periodic table. Silvery white metallic transition element. Found with platinum and used in some platinum alloys. Not attacked by acids, dissolves only in aqua regia. Discovered in 1803 by W.H. Wollaston.

Atomic Number	45
Atomic Weight	102.9055
Mass Number	103

Group	9
Period	5
Block	d

Protons	45 p⁺
Neutrons	58 n⁰
Electrons	45 e^-

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	135 pm 233 pm
Molar Volume	8.3 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	125 pm 110 pm 106 pm 142 pm
Metallic Radius	125 pm 134 pm
Ionic Radius	66.5 pm 60 pm 55 pm
Crystal Radius	80.5 pm 74 pm 69 pm
Van der Waals Radius	200 pm 210 pm 234 pm 292.9 pm
Density	12.4 g/cm³ 10,700 kg/m³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity	768 kJ/mol
Electron Affinity	1.137 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	7.4589 eV/particle 18.08 eV/particle 31.06 eV/particle 42 eV/particle 63 eV/particle 80 eV/particle 97 eV/particle 115.1 eV/particle 135 eV/particle 207.51 eV/particle 228 eV/particle 252.1 eV/particle 277 eV/particle 306 eV/particle 331.58 eV/particle 389 eV/particle 416 eV/particle 739 eV/particle 794 eV/particle 857 eV/particle 921 eV/particle 984 eV/particle 1,061 eV/particle 1,131 eV/particle 1,202 eV/particle 1,274 eV/particle 1,344 eV/particle 1,544 eV/particle 1,604.9 eV/particle 1,677.6 eV/particle 1,763 eV/particle 1,851 eV/particle 1,903 eV/particle 2,063 eV/particle 2,129.224 eV/particle 5,018 eV/particle 5,203 eV/particle 5,406 eV/particle 5,600 eV/particle 5,940 eV/particle 6,161 eV/particle 6,444 eV/particle 6,623.262 eV/particle 27,486.982 eV/particle 28,311.96 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	494 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	21.8 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	556 kJ/mol
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 16, 1

Valence Electrons	1 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Kr] 4d⁸ 5s¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 4d⁸ 5s¹

Oxidation States	-3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Electronegativity	9.259 eV/particle 0.1408379 2.28
Electrophilicity Index	1.4609827901817496 eV/particle
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	3,968.15 K
Melting Point	2,236.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Rhodium is a Silver. Rh has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #0a7d8c, and MOLCAS GV of #0a7d8c. The Appearance of Element 45 is silvery white metallic.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #0a7d8c #0a7d8c
Appearance	silvery white metallic
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	150 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.000008 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	24.98 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.243 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	23 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000004300000000003 Ω*m
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000136 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.0000000014 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0001693
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Rhodium is FCC. The lattice constant of Rh is 3.8 Å. The lattice angles of Element 45 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Lattice Constant	3.8 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Rhodium has a Brinell of 1100 MPa, Mohs hardness of 6 MPa, and Vickers of 1246 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Rh is 380 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 45 is 150 GPa. The Young Modulus of Rhodium (Rh) is 275 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Rhodium is 0.26. The Speed of Sound of Rh is 4700 m/s.
Hardness	1,100 MPa 6 MPa 1,246 MPa
Bulk Modulus	380 GPa
Shear Modulus	150 GPa
Young's Modulus	275 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.26
Speed of Sound	4,700 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Rhodium is VIIIA. The IUPAC Group of Rh is VIII. The Glawe Number of Element 45 is 63. The Mendeleev Number of Rhodium (Rh) is 64. The Pettifor Number of Rhodium is 66. The Geochemical Class of Rh is noble metal. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 45 is siderophile.
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIIA
IUPAC Group	VIII
Glawe Number	63
Mendeleev Number	64
Pettifor Number	66
Geochemical Class	noble metal
Goldschmidt Class	siderophile

Other

The Gas Basicity of Rhodium is 745.4 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of Rh is 66 plus or minus 10 a₀. Element 45 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 708 a₀. The Allotropes of Rhodium (Rh) is . The Neutron Cross Section of Rhodium is 145. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Rh is 0.063. The Quantum Numbers of Element 45 is 4F9/2. The Space Group of Rhodium (Rh) is 225 (Fm_3m).

Gas Basicity	745.4 kJ/mol
Dipole Polarizability	66 ± 10 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	708 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	145
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.063
Quantum Numbers	4F9/2
Space Group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Rhodium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	40
Natural Isotopes	1

⁸⁸Rh

Mass Number	88
Neutron Number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	87.960429 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

⁸⁹Rh

Mass Number	89
Neutron Number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	88.950992 ± 0.000387 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)
p (proton emission)

⁹⁰Rh

Mass Number	90
Neutron Number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	89.944569 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	29 ± 3 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.7%

⁹¹Rh

Mass Number	91
Neutron Number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	90.937123 ± 0.00032 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.47 ± 0.22 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.3%

⁹²Rh

Mass Number	92
Neutron Number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	91.932367692 ± 0.0000047 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.61 ± 0.08 s
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	2.05%

⁹³Rh

Mass Number	93
Neutron Number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	92.925912778 ± 0.000002821 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	13.9 ± 1.6 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁴Rh

Mass Number	94
Neutron Number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	93.92173045 ± 0.000003627 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	70.6 ± 0.6 s
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1979
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.8%

⁹⁵Rh

Mass Number	95
Neutron Number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	94.915897893 ± 0.000004171 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.02 ± 0.1 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1967
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁶Rh

Mass Number	96
Neutron Number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	95.914451705 ± 0.000010737 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9.9 ± 0.1 m
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁷Rh

Mass Number	97
Neutron Number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	96.911327872 ± 0.000038071 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	30.7 ± 0.6 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1955
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁸Rh

Mass Number	98
Neutron Number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	97.910707734 ± 0.000012782 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	8.72 ± 0.12 m
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1955
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁹Rh

Mass Number	99
Neutron Number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	98.908121241 ± 0.000020881 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	16.1 ± 0.2 d
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1952
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁰Rh

Mass Number	100
Neutron Number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	99.908114147 ± 0.000019458 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	20.8 ± 0.1 h
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	95.1%
e⁺ (positron emission)	4.9%

¹⁰¹Rh

Mass Number	101
Neutron Number	56
Relative Atomic Mass	100.906158903 ± 0.00000627 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.07 ± 0.05 y
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁰²Rh

Mass Number	102
Neutron Number	57
Relative Atomic Mass	101.906834282 ± 0.00000688 Da
G-Factor	0.25 ± 0.2
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	207 ± 1.5 d
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1941
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	78%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	22%

¹⁰³Rh

Mass Number	103
Neutron Number	58
Relative Atomic Mass	102.905494081 ± 0.00000247 Da
G-Factor
Abundance	100
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1934
Parity	-

¹⁰⁴Rh

Mass Number	104
Neutron Number	59
Relative Atomic Mass	103.906645309 ± 0.000002471 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	42.3 ± 0.4 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	99.55%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	0.45%

¹⁰⁵Rh

Mass Number	105
Neutron Number	60
Relative Atomic Mass	104.905687787 ± 0.000002685 Da
G-Factor	1.26 ± 0.014285714285714
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	35.341 ± 0.019 h
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1945
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁶Rh

Mass Number	106
Neutron Number	61
Relative Atomic Mass	105.907285879 ± 0.000005786 Da
G-Factor	2.55 ± 0.03
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	30.07 ± 0.35 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁷Rh

Mass Number	107
Neutron Number	62
Relative Atomic Mass	106.906747975 ± 0.000012937 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	21.7 ± 0.4 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁸Rh

Mass Number	108
Neutron Number	63
Relative Atomic Mass	107.908715304 ± 0.000015026 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	16.8 ± 0.5 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1955
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁹Rh

Mass Number	109
Neutron Number	64
Relative Atomic Mass	108.908749555 ± 0.000004336 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	80.8 ± 0.7 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁰Rh

Mass Number	110
Neutron Number	65
Relative Atomic Mass	109.911079745 ± 0.000019114 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.35 ± 0.12 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹¹Rh

Mass Number	111
Neutron Number	66
Relative Atomic Mass	110.911643164 ± 0.000007356 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	11 ± 1 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1975
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹²Rh

Mass Number	112
Neutron Number	67
Relative Atomic Mass	111.914405199 ± 0.000047327 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.4 ± 0.4 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹³Rh

Mass Number	113
Neutron Number	68
Relative Atomic Mass	112.915440212 ± 0.000007656 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.8 ± 0.12 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁴Rh

Mass Number	114
Neutron Number	69
Relative Atomic Mass	113.91872168 ± 0.000076824 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.85 ± 0.05 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1988
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁵Rh

Mass Number	115
Neutron Number	70
Relative Atomic Mass	114.920311649 ± 0.000007857 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.03 ± 3 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1988
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹¹⁶Rh

Mass Number	116
Neutron Number	71
Relative Atomic Mass	115.92406206 ± 0.000079261 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	685 ± 39 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	2.1%

¹¹⁷Rh

Mass Number	117
Neutron Number	72
Relative Atomic Mass	116.926036291 ± 0.000009548 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	421 ± 30 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1991
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	7.6%

¹¹⁸Rh

Mass Number	118
Neutron Number	73
Relative Atomic Mass	117.930341116 ± 0.000026018 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	282 ± 9 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	3.1%

¹¹⁹Rh

Mass Number	119
Neutron Number	74
Relative Atomic Mass	118.932556951 ± 0.00001 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	190 ± 6 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	6.4%

¹²⁰Rh

Mass Number	120
Neutron Number	75
Relative Atomic Mass	119.937069 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	129.6 ± 4.2 ms
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	9.3%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹²¹Rh

Mass Number	121
Neutron Number	76
Relative Atomic Mass	120.939613 ± 0.000665 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	74 ± 4 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	11%

¹²²Rh

Mass Number	122
Neutron Number	77
Relative Atomic Mass	121.944305 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	51 ± 6 ms
Spin	7
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1997
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	3.9%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹²³Rh

Mass Number	123
Neutron Number	78
Relative Atomic Mass	122.947192 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	42 ± 4 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	24%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹²⁴Rh

Mass Number	124
Neutron Number	79
Relative Atomic Mass	123.952002 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	30 ± 2 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	31%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹²⁵Rh

Mass Number	125
Neutron Number	80
Relative Atomic Mass	124.955094 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	26.5 ± 2 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹²⁶Rh

Mass Number	126
Neutron Number	81
Relative Atomic Mass	125.960064 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	19 ± 3 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹²⁷Rh

Mass Number	127
Neutron Number	82
Relative Atomic Mass	126.963789 ± 0.000644 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	28 ± 14 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2015
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹²⁸Rh

Mass Number	128
Neutron Number	83
Relative Atomic Mass	127.970649 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

History

Rhodium was discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston in London. He used crude platinum ore presumably obtained from South America. The introduction of the three way catalytic converter by Volvo in 1976 increased the demand for rhodium. From the Greek word rhodon, rose

Discoverers	William Wollaston
Discovery Location	England
Discovery Year	1803
Etymology (Name Origin)	Greek: rhodon (rose). Its salts give a rosy solution.
Pronunciation	RO-di-em (English)

Rhodium is considered to be non-toxic

Rhodium metal does not normally form an oxide, even when heated

Uses

The element's major use is as one of the catalysts in the three-way catalytic converters in automobiles. Rhodium is used as an alloying agent for hardening and improving the corrosion resistance of platinum and palladium. It is also used as a filter in mammography systems because of the characteristic X-rays it produces. Rhodium is also used for jewelry and for decorations. Used as a coating to prevent wear on high quality science equipment and with platinum to make thermocouples.

Sources

Obtained as a by-product of nickel production.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.001 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.000018 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.0000002 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000006 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.9244
2	p	4.0596
2	s	11.8454
3	d	14.595
3	p	16.8456
3	s	16.5615
4	d	31.5576
4	p	27.8604
4	s	26.4184
5	s	38.3605

Also Known As

Rh
element 45
45Rh

Translations

Norwegian Bokmålrhodium
Frenchrhodium
Italianrodio
GermanRhodium
Dutchrodium
Norwegian Nynorskrhodium
Danishrhodium
Swedishrodium
Hungarianródium
Afrikaansrodium
Amharicሮዲየም
AragoneseRodio
Arabicروديوم
AzerbaijaniRodium
BelarusianРодый
Bulgarianродий
Banglaরোডিয়াম
BretonRodiom
Bosnianrodij
Catalanrodi
CorsicanRodiu
Czechrhodium
ChuvashРоди
WelshRhodiwm
Greekρόδιο
Esperantorodio
Spanishrodio
EstonianRoodium
Basquerodio
Persianرودیم
Finnishrodium
FriulianRodi
IrishRóidiam
Galicianrodio
ManxRoydjum
Hakka Chineserhodium
Hebrewרודיום
Fiji HindiRhodium
CroatianRodij
Haitian CreoleRodyòm
Armenianռոդիում
Interlinguarhodium
Indonesianrodium
Idorodio
Icelandicródín
Japaneseロジウム
Lojbanzgujinme
JavaneseRodium
Georgianროდიუმი
KazakhРодий
Korean로듐
KurdishRodyûm
KomiРодий
Latinrhodium
LuxembourgishRhodium
LigurianRodio
LithuanianRodis
Latvianrodijs
Malayalamറോഡിയം
Mongolianроди
Marathiर्‍होडियम
Western MariРодий
MalayRodium
OccitanRòdi
Punjabiਰ੍ਹੋਡੀਅਮ
Polishrod
Western Panjabiروڈیم
Portugueseródio
QuechuaRodyu
Romanianrodiu
Russianродий
Sicilianrodiu
Serbo-CroatianRodijum
Slovakródium
SlovenianRodij
Serbianродијум
Saterland FrisianRhodium
SwahiliRodi
Tamilரோடியம்
Thaiโรเดียม
TurkishRodyum
UkrainianРодій
UzbekRodiy
VepsRodii
Vietnameserhodi
WarayRodyo
KalmykРодиум
YorubaRhodium
Chinese铑
Yiddishרהאדיום
CebuanoRodyo
Central Kurdishڕۆدیۆم
MacedonianРодиум
Hindiरोडियम
Gujaratiરોડિયમ
PiedmonteseRòdio
TatarРодий
Odiaରୋଡ଼ିଅମ
Scotsrhodium
SomaliRoodhiyaam
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Род
Cantonese銠
Newariरोडियम
AlbanianRhodiumi
AromanianRodiu
KyrgyzРодий
LimburgishRhodium
Nepaliरोडियम
Sanskritरोडियम
Malteserodju
LombardRodio
Scottish GaelicRòdium
Paliरोडियम
cdoRhodium
Min Nan ChineseRhodium
Bhojpuriरोडियम
Tibetanརོ་ཌིམ།
AsturianRodiu
Portuguese (Brazil)ródio
Tajikродий
Teluguరోడియం
Literary Chinese銠
TagalogRodyo
oloRodii
kbpRɔdɩyɔm
Lingua Franca Novarodio
Northern FrisianRoodium
Chinese (Traditional)銠
Chinese (Taiwan)銠
Uyghurرودىي
Kannadaರೋಡಿಯಮ್
Chinese (Simplified)铑
Wu Chinese铑
Burmeseရိုဒီယမ်
SardinianRòdiu
Moroccan Arabicروديوم
Pashtoروديوم
Egyptian Arabicروديوم
Manipuriꯔ꯭ꯍꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ
CornishRodiom
BalineseRhodium
KotavaRonyadel
BikolRodyo
Urduرہوڈیئم
ZuluULundu

Rhodium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3567
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	12218903f
CAB ID	260578
CAS Registry Number	7440-16-6
CPV Supplementary	AA22
ChEBI ID	33359
ChemSpider ID	22389
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14744000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID0031053
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID3052480
Den Store Danske ID	rhodium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.295
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/rhodium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	rhodium
Freebase ID	/m/025scm0
GND ID	4178038-3
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	3512402
HSDB ID	2534
ICSC ID	1247
IEDB Epitope ID	131798
InChI	InChI=1S/Rh
InChIKey	MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Rhodium
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	97979
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85113755
MeSH descriptor ID	D012238
NDL Authority ID	00569786
NKCR AUT ID	ph202578
Namuwiki ID	로듐
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007536337205171
National Library of Latvia ID	000307942
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	349380
OpenAlex ID	C521398313
PSH ID	5781
PubChem CID	23948
Quora topic ID	Rhodium-1
RxNorm ID	1311402
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1029548
Store norske leksikon ID	rhodium
Treccani ID	rodio
UNII	DMK383DSAC
USGS Thesaurus ID	1559
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Rhodium"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14676802-n
ZVG number	7450

Rhodium (Rh)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Rhodium

88Rh

89Rh

90Rh

91Rh

92Rh

93Rh

94Rh

95Rh

96Rh

97Rh

98Rh

99Rh

100Rh

101Rh

102Rh

103Rh

104Rh

105Rh

106Rh

107Rh

108Rh

109Rh

110Rh

111Rh

112Rh

113Rh

114Rh

115Rh

116Rh

117Rh

118Rh

119Rh

120Rh

121Rh

122Rh

123Rh

124Rh

125Rh

126Rh

127Rh

128Rh