Palladium (Pd)

Palladium is the 46th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Pd and atomic number of 46. It has an atomic weight of 106.42 and a mass number of 106. Palladium has forty-six protons and sixty neutrons in its nucleus, and forty-six electrons in four shells. It is located in group ten, period five and block d of the periodic table. Soft white ductile transition element. Found with some copper and nickel ores. Does not react with oxygen at normal temperatures. Dissolves slowly in hydrochloric acid. Discovered in 1803 by W.H. Wollaston.

Atomic Number	46
Atomic Weight	106.42
Mass Number	106

Group	10
Period	5
Block	d

Protons	46 p⁺
Neutrons	60 n⁰
Electrons	46 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	140 pm 215 pm
Molar Volume	8.9 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	120 pm 117 pm 112 pm 139 pm
Metallic Radius	128 pm 137 pm
Ionic Radius	59 pm 64 pm 86 pm 76 pm 61.5 pm
Crystal Radius	73 pm 78 pm 100 pm 90 pm 75.5 pm
Van der Waals Radius	205 pm 210 pm 237 pm 289.9 pm
Density	12 g/cm³ 10,380 kg/m³
Energy
Proton Affinity	696 kJ/mol
Electron Affinity	0.562 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	8.33686 eV/particle 19.43 eV/particle 32.93 eV/particle 46 eV/particle 61 eV/particle 84.1 eV/particle 101 eV/particle 120 eV/particle 141 eV/particle 160 eV/particle 238.57 eV/particle 260 eV/particle 286 eV/particle 311 eV/particle 342 eV/particle 369.1 eV/particle 427 eV/particle 458 eV/particle 810 eV/particle 869 eV/particle 933 eV/particle 1,000 eV/particle 1,065 eV/particle 1,145 eV/particle 1,218 eV/particle 1,290 eV/particle 1,366 eV/particle 1,438 eV/particle 1,644 eV/particle 1,706.2 eV/particle 1,781.3 eV/particle 1,869 eV/particle 1,962 eV/particle 2,016 eV/particle 2,181 eV/particle 2,248.867 eV/particle 5,284 eV/particle 5,475 eV/particle 5,683 eV/particle 5,880 eV/particle 6,242 eV/particle 6,469 eV/particle 6,759 eV/particle 6,943.096 eV/particle 28,776.033 eV/particle 29,622.6 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	372.4 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	17.24 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	376.6 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 18

Valence Electrons	18
Electron Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰

Oxidation States	0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Electronegativity	9.402 eV/particle 0.1440276 2.2
Electrophilicity	1.273169376998428 eV/particle
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	3,236.15 K
Melting Point	1,827.95 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Palladium is a Silver. Pd has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #006985, and MOLCAS GV of #006985. The Appearance of Element 46 is silvery white.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #006985 #006985
Appearance	silvery white
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	71.8 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000118 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	25.98 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.246 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	10 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000001 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000657 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000006992 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0007899
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Palladium is FCC. The lattice constant of Pd is 3.89 Å. The lattice angles of Element 46 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Lattice Constant	3.89 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Palladium has a Brinell of 37.3 MPa, Mohs hardness of 4.75 MPa, and Vickers of 461 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Pd is 180 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 46 is 44 GPa. The Young Modulus of Palladium (Pd) is 121 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Palladium is 0.39. The Speed of Sound of Pd is 3070 m/s.
Hardness	37.3 MPa 4.75 MPa 461 MPa
Bulk Modulus	180 GPa
Shear Modulus	44 GPa
Young Modulus	121 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.39
Speed of Sound	3,070 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Palladium is VIIIA. The IUPAC Group of Pd is VIII. The Glawe Number of Element 46 is 65. The Mendeleev Number of Palladium (Pd) is 68. The Pettifor Number of Palladium is 69. The Geochemical Class of Pd is noble metal. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 46 is siderophile.
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIIA
IUPAC Group	VIII
Glawe Number	65
Mendeleev Number	68
Pettifor Number	69
Geochemical Class	noble metal
Goldschmidt Class	siderophile
Other
The Gas Basicity of Palladium is 673.4 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of Pd is 26.14 plus or minus 0.1 a₀. Element 46 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 628 a₀. The Allotropes of Palladium (Pd) is . The Neutron Cross Section of Palladium is 6.9. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Pd is 0.0023. The Quantum Numbers of Element 46 is 1S0. The Space Group of Palladium (Pd) is 225 (Fm_3m).
Gas Basicity	673.4 kJ/mol
Dipole Polarizability	26.14 ± 0.1 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	628 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	6.9
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0023
Quantum Numbers	1S0
Space Group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Palladium

Stable Isotopes	6
Unstable Isotopes	36
Radioactive Isotopes	36

⁹⁰Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	89.95737 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	90
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2016
Parity	+

⁹⁰Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%
2p (2-proton emission)	%

⁹¹Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	90.950435 ± 0.000454 Da
Mass Number	91
G-Factor
Half Life	32 ± 3 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1995
Parity	+

⁹¹Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	3.1%

⁹²Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	91.941192225 ± 0.000370402 Da
Mass Number	92
G-Factor	0
Half Life	1.06 ± 0.03 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

⁹²Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.6%

⁹³Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	92.936680426 ± 0.000397221 Da
Mass Number	93
G-Factor
Half Life	1.17 ± 0.02 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

⁹³Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	7.4%

⁹⁴Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	93.929036286 ± 0.000004602 Da
Mass Number	94
G-Factor	0
Half Life	9.1 ± 0.3 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	+

⁹⁴Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.13%

⁹⁵Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	94.924888506 ± 0.000003253 Da
Mass Number	95
G-Factor
Half Life	7.4 ± 0.4 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1980
Parity	+

⁹⁵Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.23%

⁹⁶Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	95.918213739 ± 0.000004502 Da
Mass Number	96
G-Factor	0
Half Life	122 ± 2 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1980
Parity	+

⁹⁶Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁷Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	96.916471985 ± 0.0000052 Da
Mass Number	97
G-Factor
Half Life	3.1 ± 0.09 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	+

⁹⁷Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁸Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	97.912698335 ± 0.00000509 Da
Mass Number	98
G-Factor	0
Half Life	17.7 ± 0.4 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1955
Parity	+

⁹⁸Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁹Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	98.911773073 ± 0.000005482 Da
Mass Number	99
G-Factor
Half Life	21.4 ± 0.2 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1955
Parity

⁹⁹Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁰Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	99.908520438 ± 0.000018934 Da
Mass Number	100
G-Factor	0
Half Life	3.63 ± 0.09 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

¹⁰⁰Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁰¹Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	100.908284824 ± 0.000004925 Da
Mass Number	101
G-Factor	0.264 ± 0.008
Half Life	8.47 ± 0.06 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

¹⁰¹Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰²Pd

Abundance	1.02 ± 0.01
Relative Atomic Mass	101.905632292 ± 0.000000449 Da
Mass Number	102
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

¹⁰²Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)	%

¹⁰³Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	102.906111074 ± 0.000000942 Da
Mass Number	103
G-Factor
Half Life	16.991 ± 0.019 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

¹⁰³Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁰⁴Pd

Abundance	11.14 ± 0.08
Relative Atomic Mass	103.904030393 ± 0.000001434 Da
Mass Number	104
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

¹⁰⁵Pd

Abundance	22.33 ± 0.08
Relative Atomic Mass	104.905079479 ± 0.000001222 Da
Mass Number	105
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.66 ± 0.011
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

¹⁰⁶Pd

Abundance	27.33 ± 0.03
Relative Atomic Mass	105.903480287 ± 0.000001186 Da
Mass Number	106
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

¹⁰⁷Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	106.905128058 ± 0.000001289 Da
Mass Number	107
G-Factor
Half Life	6.5 ± 0.3 My
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1958
Parity	+

¹⁰⁷Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁸Pd

Abundance	26.46 ± 0.09
Relative Atomic Mass	107.903891806 ± 0.000001189 Da
Mass Number	108
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

¹⁰⁹Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	108.905950576 ± 0.000001195 Da
Mass Number	109
G-Factor
Half Life	13.59 ± 0.12 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1937
Parity	+

¹⁰⁹Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁰Pd

Abundance	11.72 ± 0.09
Relative Atomic Mass	109.905172878 ± 0.000000657 Da
Mass Number	110
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

¹¹⁰Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)	%

¹¹¹Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	110.907690358 ± 0.000000785 Da
Mass Number	111
G-Factor
Half Life	23.56 ± 0.09 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1937
Parity	+

¹¹¹Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹²Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	111.907330557 ± 0.000007027 Da
Mass Number	112
G-Factor	0
Half Life	21.04 ± 0.17 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

¹¹²Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹³Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	112.910261912 ± 0.000007458 Da
Mass Number	113
G-Factor
Half Life	93 ± 5 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1954
Parity	+

¹¹³Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁴Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	113.91036943 ± 0.000007459 Da
Mass Number	114
G-Factor	0
Half Life	2.42 ± 0.06 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1958
Parity	+

¹¹⁴Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁵Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	114.913659333 ± 0.000014543 Da
Mass Number	115
G-Factor
Half Life	25 ± 2 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1958
Parity

¹¹⁵Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁶Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	115.914297872 ± 0.000007659 Da
Mass Number	116
G-Factor	0
Half Life	11.8 ± 0.4 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

¹¹⁶Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁷Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	116.917955584 ± 0.000007788 Da
Mass Number	117
G-Factor
Half Life	4.3 ± 0.3 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	+

¹¹⁷Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁸Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	117.919067273 ± 0.000002677 Da
Mass Number	118
G-Factor	0
Half Life	1.9 ± 0.1 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	+

¹¹⁸Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁹Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	118.923341138 ± 0.000008854 Da
Mass Number	119
G-Factor
Half Life	920 ± 80 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1991
Parity	+

¹¹⁹Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹²⁰Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	119.924551745 ± 0.000002464 Da
Mass Number	120
G-Factor	0
Half Life	492 ± 33 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1993
Parity	+

¹²⁰Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.7%

¹²¹Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	120.928950342 ± 0.0000036 Da
Mass Number	121
G-Factor
Half Life	290 ± 1 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹²¹Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.8%

¹²²Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	121.930631693 ± 0.000021 Da
Mass Number	122
G-Factor	0
Half Life	193 ± 5 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹²²Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	2.5%

¹²³Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	122.935126 ± 0.0008475 Da
Mass Number	123
G-Factor
Half Life	108 ± 1 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹²³Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	10%

¹²⁴Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	123.937305 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	124
G-Factor	0
Half Life	88 ± 15 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1997
Parity	+

¹²⁴Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%

¹²⁵Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	124.942072 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	125
G-Factor
Half Life	60 ± 6 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2008
Parity	+

¹²⁵Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12%

¹²⁶Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	125.944401 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	126
G-Factor	0
Half Life	48.6 ± 0.8 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2008
Parity	+

¹²⁶Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	22%

¹²⁷Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	126.949307 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	127
G-Factor
Half Life	38 ± 2 ms
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

¹²⁷Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	19%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹²⁸Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	127.952345 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	128
G-Factor	0
Half Life	35 ± 3 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

¹²⁸Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹²⁹Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	128.959334 ± 0.000644 Da
Mass Number	129
G-Factor
Half Life	31 ± 7 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2015
Parity	-

¹²⁹Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹³⁰Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	129.964863 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	130
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	+

¹³⁰Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹³¹Pd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	130.972367 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	131
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	-

¹³¹Pd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

History

Palladium was discovered in 1803, in London, by English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. He examined the residues left from platinum after dissolving it in aqua regia, a concentrated solution of hydrochloric and nitric acids. He then isolated palladium in a series of chemical reactions. Palladium was named after the asteroid Pallas; Pallas was the Greek goddess of wisdom

Discoverers	William Wollaston
Discovery Location	England
Discovery Year	1803
Etymology (Name Origin)	Named after the asteroid, Pallas, discovered in 1803.
Pronunciation	peh-LAY-di-em (English)

Palladium is considered to be of low toxicity

In the late 1800s, palladium was more expensive than platinum

Uses

The largest use of palladium is in catalytic converters in the automobile industry. Finely divided palladium is a good catalyst and is used for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. The metal is used in dentistry, watch making, and in making surgical instruments and electrical contacts. Used as a substitue for silver in dental items and jewelry. The pure metal is used as the delicate mainsprings in analog wristwatches. Also used in surgical instruments and as catalyst .

Sources

Obtained with platinum, nickel, copper and mercury ores.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.015 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor	0.000066 %
Abundance in Sun	0.0000003 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0000002 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.9411
2	p	4.07
2	s	12.1172
3	d	14.5489
3	p	16.9804
3	s	16.7788
4	d	32.3824
4	p	28.2768
4	s	27.014

Palladium on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300011030
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3554
Biblioteca Nacional de España ID	XX534044
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	12144458t
CAB ID	233978
CAS Registry Number	7440-05-3
CPV Supplementary	AA43
Catholic Encyclopedia ID	11425a
ChEBI ID	33363
ChemSpider ID	22380
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14794000
CosIng number	86747
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID2047644
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID4064680
Den Store Danske ID	Palladium
Den Store Danske ID	palladium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.286
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/palladium-chemical-element
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	palladium
Freebase ID	/m/025s7xf
GND ID	4173139-6
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0129085
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2705155
HSDB ID	6768
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0013670
IEDB Epitope ID	114072
InChI	InChI=1S/Pd
InChIKey	KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Palladium
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	103110
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85097207
MeSH descriptor ID	D010165
NALT ID	56603
NDL Authority ID	00569049
NKCR AUT ID	ph171327
Namuwiki ID	팔라듐
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007560657705171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	341758
OpenAlex ID	C502130503
OpenAlex ID	C2994149032
PSH ID	5783
PubChem CID	23938
RxNorm ID	1311279
Store norske leksikon ID	palladium
Treccani ID	palladio
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	472759
UNII	5TWQ1V240M
USGS Thesaurus ID	1534
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Palladium"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14672932-n
YSO ID	26929
ZVG number	8340

Palladium (Pd)

Properties

Isotopes of Palladium

90Pd

90Pd Decay Modes

91Pd

91Pd Decay Modes

92Pd

92Pd Decay Modes

93Pd

93Pd Decay Modes

94Pd

94Pd Decay Modes

95Pd

95Pd Decay Modes

96Pd

96Pd Decay Modes

97Pd

97Pd Decay Modes

98Pd

98Pd Decay Modes

99Pd

99Pd Decay Modes

100Pd

100Pd Decay Modes

101Pd

101Pd Decay Modes

102Pd

102Pd Decay Modes

103Pd

103Pd Decay Modes

104Pd

105Pd

106Pd

107Pd

107Pd Decay Modes

108Pd

109Pd

109Pd Decay Modes

110Pd

110Pd Decay Modes

111Pd

111Pd Decay Modes

112Pd

112Pd Decay Modes

113Pd

113Pd Decay Modes

114Pd

114Pd Decay Modes

115Pd

115Pd Decay Modes

116Pd

116Pd Decay Modes

117Pd

117Pd Decay Modes

118Pd

118Pd Decay Modes

119Pd

119Pd Decay Modes

120Pd

120Pd Decay Modes

121Pd

121Pd Decay Modes

122Pd

122Pd Decay Modes

123Pd

123Pd Decay Modes

124Pd

124Pd Decay Modes

125Pd

125Pd Decay Modes

126Pd

126Pd Decay Modes

127Pd

127Pd Decay Modes

128Pd

128Pd Decay Modes

129Pd

129Pd Decay Modes

130Pd