Palladium (Pd)

Palladium is the 46th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Pd and atomic number of 46. It has an atomic weight of 106.42 and a mass number of 106. Palladium has forty-six protons and sixty neutrons in its nucleus, and forty-six electrons in four shells. It is located in group ten, period five and block d of the periodic table. Soft white ductile transition element. Found with some copper and nickel ores. Does not react with oxygen at normal temperatures. Dissolves slowly in hydrochloric acid. Discovered in 1803 by W.H. Wollaston.

Atomic Number	46
Atomic Weight	106.42
Mass Number	106

Group	10
Period	5
Block	d

Protons	46 p⁺
Neutrons	60 n⁰
Electrons	46 e^-

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	140 pm 215 pm
Molar Volume	8.9 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	120 pm 117 pm 112 pm 139 pm
Metallic Radius	128 pm 137 pm
Ionic Radius	59 pm 64 pm 86 pm 76 pm 61.5 pm
Crystal Radius	73 pm 78 pm 100 pm 90 pm 75.5 pm
Van der Waals Radius	205 pm 210 pm 237 pm 289.9 pm
Density	12 g/cm³ 10,380 kg/m³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity	696 kJ/mol
Electron Affinity	0.562 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	8.33686 eV/particle 19.43 eV/particle 32.93 eV/particle 46 eV/particle 61 eV/particle 84.1 eV/particle 101 eV/particle 120 eV/particle 141 eV/particle 160 eV/particle 238.57 eV/particle 260 eV/particle 286 eV/particle 311 eV/particle 342 eV/particle 369.1 eV/particle 427 eV/particle 458 eV/particle 810 eV/particle 869 eV/particle 933 eV/particle 1,000 eV/particle 1,065 eV/particle 1,145 eV/particle 1,218 eV/particle 1,290 eV/particle 1,366 eV/particle 1,438 eV/particle 1,644 eV/particle 1,706.2 eV/particle 1,781.3 eV/particle 1,869 eV/particle 1,962 eV/particle 2,016 eV/particle 2,181 eV/particle 2,248.867 eV/particle 5,284 eV/particle 5,475 eV/particle 5,683 eV/particle 5,880 eV/particle 6,242 eV/particle 6,469 eV/particle 6,759 eV/particle 6,943.096 eV/particle 28,776.033 eV/particle 29,622.6 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	372.4 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	17.24 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	376.6 kJ/mol
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 18

Valence Electrons	10 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰

Oxidation States	0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Electronegativity	9.402 eV/particle 0.1440276 2.2
Electrophilicity Index	1.273169376998428 eV/particle
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	3,236.15 K
Melting Point	1,827.95 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Palladium is a Silver. Pd has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #006985, and MOLCAS GV of #006985. The Appearance of Element 46 is silvery white.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #006985 #006985
Appearance	silvery white
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	71.8 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000118 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	25.98 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.246 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	10 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000001 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000657 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000006992 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0007899
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Palladium is FCC. The lattice constant of Pd is 3.89 Å. The lattice angles of Element 46 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Lattice Constant	3.89 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Palladium has a Brinell of 37.3 MPa, Mohs hardness of 4.75 MPa, and Vickers of 461 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Pd is 180 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 46 is 44 GPa. The Young Modulus of Palladium (Pd) is 121 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Palladium is 0.39. The Speed of Sound of Pd is 3070 m/s.
Hardness	37.3 MPa 4.75 MPa 461 MPa
Bulk Modulus	180 GPa
Shear Modulus	44 GPa
Young's Modulus	121 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.39
Speed of Sound	3,070 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Palladium is VIIIA. The IUPAC Group of Pd is VIII. The Glawe Number of Element 46 is 65. The Mendeleev Number of Palladium (Pd) is 68. The Pettifor Number of Palladium is 69. The Geochemical Class of Pd is noble metal. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 46 is siderophile.
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIIA
IUPAC Group	VIII
Glawe Number	65
Mendeleev Number	68
Pettifor Number	69
Geochemical Class	noble metal
Goldschmidt Class	siderophile

Other

The Gas Basicity of Palladium is 673.4 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of Pd is 26.14 plus or minus 0.1 a₀. Element 46 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 628 a₀. The Allotropes of Palladium (Pd) is . The Neutron Cross Section of Palladium is 6.9. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Pd is 0.0023. The Quantum Numbers of Element 46 is 1S0. The Space Group of Palladium (Pd) is 225 (Fm_3m).

Gas Basicity	673.4 kJ/mol
Dipole Polarizability	26.14 ± 0.1 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	628 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	6.9
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0023
Quantum Numbers	1S0
Space Group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Palladium

Stable Isotopes	4
Unstable Isotopes	38
Natural Isotopes	6

⁹⁰Pd

Mass Number	90
Neutron Number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	89.95737 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2016
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)
2p (2-proton emission)

⁹¹Pd

Mass Number	91
Neutron Number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	90.950435 ± 0.000454 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	32 ± 3 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1995
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	3.1%

⁹²Pd

Mass Number	92
Neutron Number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	91.941192225 ± 0.000370402 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.06 ± 0.03 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.6%

⁹³Pd

Mass Number	93
Neutron Number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	92.936680426 ± 0.000397221 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.17 ± 0.02 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	7.4%

⁹⁴Pd

Mass Number	94
Neutron Number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	93.929036286 ± 0.000004602 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9.1 ± 0.3 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.13%

⁹⁵Pd

Mass Number	95
Neutron Number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	94.924888506 ± 0.000003253 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	7.4 ± 0.4 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1980
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.23%

⁹⁶Pd

Mass Number	96
Neutron Number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	95.918213739 ± 0.000004502 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	122 ± 2 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1980
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁷Pd

Mass Number	97
Neutron Number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	96.916471985 ± 0.0000052 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.1 ± 0.09 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁸Pd

Mass Number	98
Neutron Number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	97.912698335 ± 0.00000509 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	17.7 ± 0.4 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1955
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁹Pd

Mass Number	99
Neutron Number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	98.911773073 ± 0.000005482 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	21.4 ± 0.2 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1955
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁰Pd

Mass Number	100
Neutron Number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	99.908520438 ± 0.000018934 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.63 ± 0.09 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁰¹Pd

Mass Number	101
Neutron Number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	100.908284824 ± 0.000004925 Da
G-Factor	0.264 ± 0.008
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	8.47 ± 0.06 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰²Pd

Mass Number	102
Neutron Number	56
Relative Atomic Mass	101.905632292 ± 0.000000449 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	1.02 ± 0.01
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

¹⁰³Pd

Mass Number	103
Neutron Number	57
Relative Atomic Mass	102.906111074 ± 0.000000942 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	16.991 ± 0.019 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁰⁴Pd

Mass Number	104
Neutron Number	58
Relative Atomic Mass	103.904030393 ± 0.000001434 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	11.14 ± 0.08
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

¹⁰⁵Pd

Mass Number	105
Neutron Number	59
Relative Atomic Mass	104.905079479 ± 0.000001222 Da
G-Factor
Abundance	22.33 ± 0.08
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.66 ± 0.011
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

¹⁰⁶Pd

Mass Number	106
Neutron Number	60
Relative Atomic Mass	105.903480287 ± 0.000001186 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	27.33 ± 0.03
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

¹⁰⁷Pd

Mass Number	107
Neutron Number	61
Relative Atomic Mass	106.905128058 ± 0.000001289 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.5 ± 0.3 My
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1958
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁸Pd

Mass Number	108
Neutron Number	62
Relative Atomic Mass	107.903891806 ± 0.000001189 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	26.46 ± 0.09
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

¹⁰⁹Pd

Mass Number	109
Neutron Number	63
Relative Atomic Mass	108.905950576 ± 0.000001195 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	13.59 ± 0.12 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1937
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁰Pd

Mass Number	110
Neutron Number	64
Relative Atomic Mass	109.905172878 ± 0.000000657 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	11.72 ± 0.09
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)

¹¹¹Pd

Mass Number	111
Neutron Number	65
Relative Atomic Mass	110.907690358 ± 0.000000785 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	23.56 ± 0.09 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1937
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹²Pd

Mass Number	112
Neutron Number	66
Relative Atomic Mass	111.907330557 ± 0.000007027 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	21.04 ± 0.17 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹³Pd

Mass Number	113
Neutron Number	67
Relative Atomic Mass	112.910261912 ± 0.000007458 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	93 ± 5 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1954
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁴Pd

Mass Number	114
Neutron Number	68
Relative Atomic Mass	113.91036943 ± 0.000007459 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.42 ± 0.06 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1958
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁵Pd

Mass Number	115
Neutron Number	69
Relative Atomic Mass	114.913659333 ± 0.000014543 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	25 ± 2 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1958
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁶Pd

Mass Number	116
Neutron Number	70
Relative Atomic Mass	115.914297872 ± 0.000007659 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	11.8 ± 0.4 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁷Pd

Mass Number	117
Neutron Number	71
Relative Atomic Mass	116.917955584 ± 0.000007788 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.3 ± 0.3 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁸Pd

Mass Number	118
Neutron Number	72
Relative Atomic Mass	117.919067273 ± 0.000002677 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.9 ± 0.1 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁹Pd

Mass Number	119
Neutron Number	73
Relative Atomic Mass	118.923341138 ± 0.000008854 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	920 ± 80 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1991
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹²⁰Pd

Mass Number	120
Neutron Number	74
Relative Atomic Mass	119.924551745 ± 0.000002464 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	492 ± 33 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1993
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.7%

¹²¹Pd

Mass Number	121
Neutron Number	75
Relative Atomic Mass	120.928950342 ± 0.0000036 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	290 ± 1 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.8%

¹²²Pd

Mass Number	122
Neutron Number	76
Relative Atomic Mass	121.930631693 ± 0.000021 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	193 ± 5 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	2.5%

¹²³Pd

Mass Number	123
Neutron Number	77
Relative Atomic Mass	122.935126 ± 0.0008475 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	108 ± 1 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	10%

¹²⁴Pd

Mass Number	124
Neutron Number	78
Relative Atomic Mass	123.937305 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	88 ± 15 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1997
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%

¹²⁵Pd

Mass Number	125
Neutron Number	79
Relative Atomic Mass	124.942072 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	60 ± 6 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2008
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12%

¹²⁶Pd

Mass Number	126
Neutron Number	80
Relative Atomic Mass	125.944401 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	48.6 ± 0.8 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2008
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	22%

¹²⁷Pd

Mass Number	127
Neutron Number	81
Relative Atomic Mass	126.949307 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	38 ± 2 ms
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	19%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹²⁸Pd

Mass Number	128
Neutron Number	82
Relative Atomic Mass	127.952345 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	35 ± 3 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹²⁹Pd

Mass Number	129
Neutron Number	83
Relative Atomic Mass	128.959334 ± 0.000644 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	31 ± 7 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2015
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹³⁰Pd

Mass Number	130
Neutron Number	84
Relative Atomic Mass	129.964863 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹³¹Pd

Mass Number	131
Neutron Number	85
Relative Atomic Mass	130.972367 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

History

Palladium was discovered in 1803, in London, by English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. He examined the residues left from platinum after dissolving it in aqua regia, a concentrated solution of hydrochloric and nitric acids. He then isolated palladium in a series of chemical reactions. Palladium was named after the asteroid Pallas; Pallas was the Greek goddess of wisdom

Discoverers	William Wollaston
Discovery Location	England
Discovery Year	1803
Etymology (Name Origin)	Named after the asteroid, Pallas, discovered in 1803.
Pronunciation	peh-LAY-di-em (English)

Palladium is considered to be of low toxicity

In the late 1800s, palladium was more expensive than platinum

Uses

The largest use of palladium is in catalytic converters in the automobile industry. Finely divided palladium is a good catalyst and is used for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. The metal is used in dentistry, watch making, and in making surgical instruments and electrical contacts. Used as a substitue for silver in dental items and jewelry. The pure metal is used as the delicate mainsprings in analog wristwatches. Also used in surgical instruments and as catalyst .

Sources

Obtained with platinum, nickel, copper and mercury ores.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.015 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.000066 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.0000003 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0000002 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.9411
2	p	4.07
2	s	12.1172
3	d	14.5489
3	p	16.9804
3	s	16.7788
4	d	32.3824
4	p	28.2768
4	s	27.014

Also Known As

Pd
element 46
46Pd

Translations

Norwegian Bokmålpalladium
GermanPalladium
Frenchpalladium
Italianpalladio
Dutchpalladium
Norwegian Nynorskpalladium
Danishpalladium
Swedishpalladium
Hungarianpalládium
Polishpallad
Afrikaanspalladium
Amharicፓላዲየም
AragonesePaladio
Arabicبالاديوم
AzerbaijaniPalladium
BelarusianПаладый
Bulgarianпаладий
Banglaপ্যালেডিয়াম
BretonPalladiom
Bosnianpaladij
Catalanpal·ladi
CorsicanPalladiu
Czechpalladium
ChuvashПаллади
WelshPaladiwm
Greekπαλλάδιο
Esperantopaladio
Spanishpaladio
EstonianPallaadium
Basquepaladio
Persianپالادیم
Finnishpalladium
FriulianPaladi
IrishPallaidiam
GalicianPaladio
ManxPallaadjum
Hakka Chinesepalladium
Hebrewפלדיום
Hindiपलेडियम
Fiji HindiPalladium
CroatianPaladij
Haitian CreolePaladyòm
Armenianպալադիում
Interlinguapalladium
Indonesianpaladium
Idopaladio
Icelandicpalladín
Japaneseパラジウム
Lojbanlo jinmrpaladi
JavanesePaladium
Georgianპალადიუმი
KazakhПалладий
Kannadaಪಲ್ಲಾಡಿಯಮ್
Korean팔라듐
KurdishPaladyûm
KomiПалладий
Latinpalladium
LuxembourgishPalladium
LigurianPalladio
LithuanianPaladis
Latvianpallādijs
Malayalamപലേഡിയം
Marathiपॅलिडियम
Western MariПалладий
MalayPaladium
Low GermanPalladium
OccitanPalladi
Punjabiਪੈਲੇਡੀਅਮ
Western Panjabiپالاڈیم
Portuguesepaládio
QuechuaPaladyu
Romanianpaladiu
Russianпалладий
Sicilianpalladiu
Serbo-CroatianPaladijum
Slovakpaládium
SlovenianPaladij
Serbianпаладијум
Saterland FrisianPalladium
SwahiliPaladi
Tamilபலேடியம்
Thaiแพลเลเดียม
TurkishPaladyum
UkrainianПаладій
UzbekPalladiy
VepsPalladii
Vietnamesepaladi
WarayPaladyo
KalmykПалладиум
Yiddishפאלאדיום
YorubaPalladium
Chinese钯
CebuanoPaladyo
MacedonianПаладиум
Central Kurdishپالادیۆم
Odiaପାଲାଡ଼ିଅମ
Gujaratiપલેડિયમ
Scotspalladium
TatarПалладий
PiedmontesePaladi
SomaliBaladiyaam
Cantonese鈀
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Паляд
SardinianPalladio
AlbanianPalladiumi
AromanianPaladiu
KyrgyzПалладий
LimburgishPalladium
cdoBă
FaroesePalladium
Maltesepalladju
Scottish GaelicPaladium
Bhojpuriपैलेडियम
Sanskritप्यालिडियम
Paliप्यालिडियम
Newariप्यालिडियम
Portuguese (Brazil)paládio
KashubianPallôd
Min Nan ChinesePalladium
AsturianPaladiu
Teluguపల్లాడియం
Tibetanཔྰེ་ལེ་ཌིམ།
Tajikпалладий
Literary Chinese鈀
TagalogPaladiyo
oloPalladii
kbpPaladɩyɔm
Mongolianпаллади
Lingua Franca Novapaladio
Chinese (Taiwan)鈀
Chinese (Traditional)鈀
Nepaliपलाडियम
Wu Chinese钯
Northern FrisianPalaadium
BavarianPalladium
hywՊաղղադիոն
Uyghurپاللادىي
LombardPaladio
Chinese (Simplified)钯
Burmeseပယ်လေဒီယမ်
Moroccan Arabicپالاديوم
Egyptian Arabicبالاديوم
Pashtoپلاديوم
Manipuriꯄꯜꯂꯥꯗꯤꯌꯝ
CornishPaladiom
BalinesePalladium
BikolPaladyo
Urduپلاڈیئم
ZuluImPanda

Palladium on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300011030
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3554
Biblioteca Nacional de España ID	XX534044
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	12144458t
CAB ID	233978
CAS Registry Number	7440-05-3
CPV Supplementary	AA43
Catholic Encyclopedia ID	11425a
ChEBI ID	33363
ChemSpider ID	22380
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14794000
CosIng number	86747
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID2047644
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID4064680
Den Store Danske ID	Palladium
Den Store Danske ID	palladium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.286
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/palladium-chemical-element
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	palladium
Freebase ID	/m/025s7xf
GND ID	4173139-6
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0129085
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2705155
HSDB ID	6768
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0013670
IEDB Epitope ID	114072
InChI	InChI=1S/Pd
InChIKey	KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Palladium
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	103110
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85097207
MeSH descriptor ID	D010165
NALT ID	56603
NDL Authority ID	00569049
NKCR AUT ID	ph171327
Namuwiki ID	팔라듐
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007560657705171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	341758
OpenAlex ID	C502130503
OpenAlex ID	C2994149032
PSH ID	5783
PubChem CID	23938
RxNorm ID	1311279
Store norske leksikon ID	palladium
Treccani ID	palladio
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	472759
UNII	5TWQ1V240M
USGS Thesaurus ID	1534
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Palladium"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14672932-n
YSO ID	26929
ZVG number	8340

Palladium (Pd)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Palladium

90Pd

91Pd

92Pd

93Pd

94Pd

95Pd

96Pd

97Pd

98Pd

99Pd

100Pd

101Pd

102Pd

103Pd

104Pd

105Pd

106Pd

107Pd

108Pd

109Pd

110Pd

111Pd

112Pd

113Pd

114Pd

115Pd

116Pd

117Pd

118Pd

119Pd

120Pd

121Pd

122Pd

123Pd

124Pd

125Pd

126Pd

127Pd

128Pd

129Pd

130Pd

131Pd