Atomic Number | 45 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 102.9055 |
Mass Number | 103 |
Group | 9 |
---|---|
Period | 5 |
Block | d |
Protons | 45 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 58 n0 |
Electrons | 45 e- |
Atomic Radius | 135 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 8.3 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 125 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 125 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 66.5 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 80.5 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 210 pm
|
Density | 12.4 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | 768 kJ/mol
|
Electron Affinity | 1.137 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 7.4589 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 494 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 21.8 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 556 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 16, 1 |
Valence Electrons | 1 |
Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d8 5s1 |
Oxidation States | -3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 |
Electronegativity | 2.28
|
Electrophilicity | 1.4609827901817496 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 3,968.15 K
|
Melting Point | 2,236.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery white metallic |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 150 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.000008 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 24.98 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.243 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 23 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000004300000000003 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.0000000136 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.0000000014 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0001693
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic (FCC) |
Lattice Constant | 3.8 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | 6 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 380 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 150 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 275 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.26
|
Speed of Sound | 4,700 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
CAS Group | VIIIA |
IUPAC Group | VIII |
Glawe Number | 63 |
Mendeleev Number | 64 |
Pettifor Number | 66 |
Geochemical Class | noble metal |
Goldschmidt Class | siderophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | 745.4 kJ/mol
|
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 145
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.063
|
Quantum Numbers | 4F9/2 |
Space Group | 225 (Fm_3m) |
Stable Isotopes | 1 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 40 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 39 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 88 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 89 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
p (proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 90 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 29 ± 3 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.7% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 91 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.47 ± 0.22 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 1.3% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 92 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.61 ± 0.08 s
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 2.05% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 93 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 13.9 ± 1.6 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 94 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 70.6 ± 0.6 s
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 1.8% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 95 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.02 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 96 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 9.9 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 97 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 30.7 ± 0.6 m
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 98 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.72 ± 0.12 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 99 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 16.1 ± 0.2 d
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1952 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 100 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 20.8 ± 0.1 h
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 95.1% |
e+ (positron emission) | 4.9% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 101 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.07 ± 0.05 y
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 102 |
G-Factor | 0.25 ± 0.2
|
Half Life | 207 ± 1.5 d
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1941 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 78% |
β− (β− decay) | 22% |
Abundance | 100
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 103 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | - |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 104 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 42.3 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1939 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 99.55% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 0.45% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 105 |
G-Factor | 1.26 ± 0.014285714285714
|
Half Life | 35.341 ± 0.019 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1945 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 106 |
G-Factor | 2.55 ± 0.03
|
Half Life | 30.07 ± 0.35 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1947 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 107 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 21.7 ± 0.4 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 108 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 16.8 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 109 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 80.8 ± 0.7 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 110 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.35 ± 0.12 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 111 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 11 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1975 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 112 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.4 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 113 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.8 ± 0.12 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 114 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.85 ± 0.05 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1988 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 115 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.03 ± 3 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1988 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 116 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 685 ± 39 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 2.1% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 117 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 421 ± 30 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1991 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 7.6% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 118 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 282 ± 9 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 3.1% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 119 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 190 ± 6 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 6.4% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 120 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 129.6 ± 4.2 ms
|
Spin | 8 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 9.3% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 121 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 74 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 11% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 122 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 51 ± 6 ms
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 3.9% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 123 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 42 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 24% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 124 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 30 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 31% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 125 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 26.5 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 126 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 19 ± 3 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 127 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 28 ± 14 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2015 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 128 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Rhodium was discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston in London. He used crude platinum ore presumably obtained from South America. The introduction of the three way catalytic converter by Volvo in 1976 increased the demand for rhodium. From the Greek word rhodon, rose
Discoverers | William Wollaston |
---|---|
Discovery Location | England |
Discovery Year | 1803 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: rhodon (rose). Its salts give a rosy solution. |
Pronunciation | RO-di-em (English) |
Obtained as a by-product of nickel production.
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | 0.001 mg/kg
|
Abundance in Oceans | |
Abundance in Human Body | |
Abundance in Meteor | 0.000018 %
|
Abundance in Sun | 0.0000002 %
|
Abundance in Universe | 0.00000006 %
|
1 | s | 0.9244 |
2 | p | 4.0596 |
2 | s | 11.8454 |
3 | d | 14.595 |
3 | p | 16.8456 |
3 | s | 16.5615 |
4 | d | 31.5576 |
4 | p | 27.8604 |
4 | s | 26.4184 |
5 | s | 38.3605 |