Ruthenium (Ru)

chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44

Atomic Number	44
Atomic Weight	101.07
mass number	102

Group	8
Period	5
Block	d

proton	44 p⁺
neutron	58 n⁰
electron	44 e^-

Physical Property

Atomic Radius	130 pm 237 pm
molar volume	8.3 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	125 pm 114 pm 103 pm 146 pm
Metallic Radius	125 pm 134 pm
ionic radius	68 pm 62 pm 56.5 pm 38 pm 36 pm
Crystal Radius	82 pm 76 pm 70.5 pm 52 pm 50 pm
Van der Waals radius	205 pm 213 pm 234 pm 296.3 pm
density	12.1 g/cm³ 10650 kg/m³

Chemical Property

energia

proton affinity	774 kJ/mol
electron affinity	1.05 eV/particle
ionization energy	7.3605 eV/particle 16.76 eV/particle 28.47 eV/particle 45 eV/particle 59 eV/particle 76 eV/particle 93 eV/particle 110 eV/particle 178.4 eV/particle 198 eV/particle 219.9 eV/particle 245 eV/particle 271 eV/particle 295.9 eV/particle 348 eV/particle 376.25 eV/particle 670 eV/particle 723 eV/particle 784 eV/particle 845 eV/particle 905 eV/particle 981 eV/particle 1048 eV/particle 1115 eV/particle 1187 eV/particle 1253 eV/particle 1447 eV/particle 1506.7 eV/particle 1577 eV/particle 1659 eV/particle 1743 eV/particle 1794 eV/particle 1949 eV/particle 2013.037 eV/particle 4758 eV/particle 4939 eV/particle 5136 eV/particle 5330 eV/particle 5647 eV/particle 5862 eV/particle 6137 eV/particle 6311.72 eV/particle 26229.894 eV/particle 27033.5 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization
enthalpy of fusion	25.5 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	650.6 kJ/mol
electron

Tegimen electronicum	2, 8, 18, 15, 1

valence electron	1 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 4d⁷ 5s¹

oxidation number	-4, -2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
electronegativity	9.1 eV/particle 0.1376494 2.2
Electrophilicity Index	1.4011669093178039 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	4420.15 K
Melting Point	2606.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
Punctum triplex
appearance
Color	Silver #ff1493 #248f8f #248f8f
appearance	silvery white metallic
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	117 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0.0000064 1/K
molar heat capacity	24.06 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.238 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	14 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0.00000007000000000002 Ω*m
Superconductrum	0.49 K
magnetism
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0.00000000542 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000000548 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0.000067
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
lattice constant	2.7 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness	2160 MPa 6.5 MPa
bulk modulus	220 GPa
shear modulus	173 GPa
Young's modulus	447 GPa
Poisson's ratio	0.3
celeritas soni	5970 m/s
classificare
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIIA
IUPAC Group	VIII
Glawe Number	61
Mendeleev Number	60
Pettifor Number	63
Geochemical Class	noble metal
Goldschmidt classification	siderophile

other

Gas Basicity	751.4 kJ/mol
polarizability	72 ± 10 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	809 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	2.6
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0009
quantum number	5F5
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Ruthenium

Stable Isotopes	5
Unstable Isotopes	36
Natural Isotopes	7

⁸⁵Ru

mass number	85
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	84.967117 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	2013
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)
p (proton emission)

⁸⁶Ru

mass number	86
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	85.957305 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	2013
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁸⁷Ru

mass number	87
neutron number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	86.950907 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1995
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁸⁸Ru

mass number	88
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	87.941664 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.5 ± 0.3 s
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1994
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	3.6%

⁸⁹Ru

mass number	89
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	88.937337849 ± 0.000026 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.32 ± 0.03 s
Volubilitas	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1992
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	3.1%

⁹⁰Ru

mass number	90
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	89.930344378 ± 0.000004004 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	11.7 ± 0.9 s
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1991
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹¹Ru

mass number	91
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	90.92674153 ± 0.000002384 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	8 ± 0.4 s
Volubilitas	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1983
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁹²Ru

mass number	92
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	91.920234373 ± 0.000002917 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	3.65 ± 0.05 m
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹³Ru

mass number	93
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	92.917104442 ± 0.000002216 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	59.7 ± 0.6 s
Volubilitas	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1972
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁴Ru

mass number	94
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	93.91134286 ± 0.000003374 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	51.8 ± 0.6 m
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1952
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁵Ru

mass number	95
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	94.910404415 ± 0.0000102 Da
g-factor	0.3444 ± 0.0028
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.607 ± 0.004 h
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1948
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁶Ru

mass number	96
neutron number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	95.90758891 ± 0.000000182 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	5.54 ± 0.14
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1931
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

⁹⁷Ru

mass number	97
neutron number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	96.907545776 ± 0.000002965 Da
g-factor	0.3148 ± 0.0032
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2.837 ± 0.0014 d
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1946
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁸Ru

mass number	98
neutron number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	97.905286709 ± 0.000006937 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	1.87 ± 0.03
radioactivitas	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1944
parity	+

⁹⁹Ru

mass number	99
neutron number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	98.905930284 ± 0.000000368 Da
g-factor	-0.2564 ± 0.002
natural abundance	12.76 ± 0.14
radioactivitas	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.079 ± 0.004
repertus	1931
parity	+

¹⁰⁰Ru

mass number	100
neutron number	56
Relative Atomic Mass	99.90421046 ± 0.000000367 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	12.6 ± 0.07
radioactivitas	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1931
parity	+

¹⁰¹Ru

mass number	101
neutron number	57
Relative Atomic Mass	100.905573086 ± 0.000000443 Da
g-factor	-0.2872 ± 0.0024
natural abundance	17.06 ± 0.02
radioactivitas	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.46 ± 0.02
repertus	1931
parity	+

¹⁰²Ru

mass number	102
neutron number	58
Relative Atomic Mass	101.904340312 ± 0.000000446 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	31.55 ± 0.14
radioactivitas	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1931
parity	+

¹⁰³Ru

mass number	103
neutron number	59
Relative Atomic Mass	102.906314846 ± 0.000000473 Da
g-factor	0.13733333333333 ± 0.002
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	39.245 ± 0.008 d
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.62 ± 0.02
repertus	1945
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁴Ru

mass number	104
neutron number	60
Relative Atomic Mass	103.905425312 ± 0.000002682 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	18.62 ± 0.27
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1931
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)

¹⁰⁵Ru

mass number	105
neutron number	61
Relative Atomic Mass	104.907745478 ± 0.000002683 Da
g-factor	0.2 ± 0.13333333333333
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	4.439 ± 0.011 h
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1945
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁶Ru

mass number	106
neutron number	62
Relative Atomic Mass	105.907328181 ± 0.000005787 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	371.8 ± 1.8 d
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1948
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁷Ru

mass number	107
neutron number	63
Relative Atomic Mass	106.909969837 ± 0.00000931 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	3.75 ± 0.05 m
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1951
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁸Ru

mass number	108
neutron number	64
Relative Atomic Mass	107.910185793 ± 0.000009318 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	4.55 ± 0.05 m
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1955
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁹Ru

mass number	109
neutron number	65
Relative Atomic Mass	108.913323707 ± 0.000009612 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	34.4 ± 0.2 s
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1967
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁰Ru

mass number	110
neutron number	66
Relative Atomic Mass	109.914038501 ± 0.00000958 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	12.04 ± 0.17 s
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1970
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹¹Ru

mass number	111
neutron number	67
Relative Atomic Mass	110.917567566 ± 0.000010394 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2.12 ± 0.07 s
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹²Ru

mass number	112
neutron number	68
Relative Atomic Mass	111.918806922 ± 0.000010305 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.75 ± 0.07 s
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1970
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹³Ru

mass number	113
neutron number	69
Relative Atomic Mass	112.922846729 ± 0.000041097 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	800 ± 50 ms
Volubilitas	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1988
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹¹⁴Ru

mass number	114
neutron number	70
Relative Atomic Mass	113.92461443 ± 0.000003817 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	540 ± 30 ms
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1991
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹¹⁵Ru

mass number	115
neutron number	71
Relative Atomic Mass	114.929033049 ± 0.000027016 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	318 ± 19 ms
Volubilitas	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1992
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹¹⁶Ru

mass number	116
neutron number	72
Relative Atomic Mass	115.931219191 ± 0.000004 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	204 ± 6 ms
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1994
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹¹⁷Ru

mass number	117
neutron number	73
Relative Atomic Mass	116.936135 ± 0.000465 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	151 ± 3 ms
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1994
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹¹⁸Ru

mass number	118
neutron number	74
Relative Atomic Mass	117.938808 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	99 ± 3 ms
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1994
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹¹⁹Ru

mass number	119
neutron number	75
Relative Atomic Mass	118.94409 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	69.5 ± 2 ms
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1997
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹²⁰Ru

mass number	120
neutron number	76
Relative Atomic Mass	119.946623 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	45 ± 2 ms
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	2010
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹²¹Ru

mass number	121
neutron number	77
Relative Atomic Mass	120.952098 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	29 ± 2 ms
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	2010
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹²²Ru

mass number	122
neutron number	78
Relative Atomic Mass	121.955147 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	25 ± 1 ms
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	2010
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹²³Ru

mass number	123
neutron number	79
Relative Atomic Mass	122.960762 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	19 ± 2 ms
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	2010
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹²⁴Ru

mass number	124
neutron number	80
Relative Atomic Mass	123.96394 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	15 ± 3 ms
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	2010
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹²⁵Ru

mass number	125
neutron number	81
Relative Atomic Mass	124.969544 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	2018
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

historia

inventor	Karl Klaus
location of discovery	Russia
repertus	1844
Etymologia	Latin: Ruthenia (Russia).
pronunciation	roo-THE-ni-em (English)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.001 mg/kg
natural abundance (Oceanus)	0.0000007 mg/L
natural abundance (Corpus humanum)
natural abundance (Meteoroides)	0.000081 %
natural abundance (Sol)	0.0000005 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0000004 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.9077
2	p	4.0492
2	s	11.6202
3	d	14.6411
3	p	16.7789
3	s	16.3988
4	d	31.1872
4	p	27.5652
4	s	26.344
5	s	37.5155

Ruthenium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3569
CAB ID	262924
CAS Registry Number	7440-18-8
CPV Supplementary	AA21
ChEBI ID	30682
ChemSpider ID	22390
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14743000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID1047651
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID9064687
Den Store Danske ID	ruthenium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.297
Elhuyar ZTH ID	030351
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/ruthenium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	ruthenium
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0057187
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	3522864
InChI	InChI=1S/Ru
InChIKey	KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Ruthenium
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	97115
MeSH descriptor ID	D012428
Mindat mineral ID	3483
NALT ID	61856
Namuwiki ID	루테늄
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007548526805171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	351999
OpenAlex ID	C555196967
PSH ID	5776
Probes And Drugs ID	PD099452
PubChem CID	23950
Quora topic ID	Ruthenium-1
RxNorm ID	1534768
Römpp online ID	RD-18-02130
Store norske leksikon ID	ruthenium
Treccani ID	rutenio
UNII	7UI0TKC3U5
USGS Thesaurus ID	1563
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Ruthenium"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14677421-n
ZVG number	7440
siglum BnF	12226709p
siglum Freebase	/m/025scl1
siglum GND	4178766-3
siglum NDL	00569816
siglum NKCR	ph202575
siglum apud bibliothecam Congressús	sh85116086

Ruthenium (Ru)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Ruthenium

85Ru

86Ru

87Ru

88Ru

89Ru

90Ru

91Ru

92Ru

93Ru

94Ru

95Ru

96Ru

97Ru

98Ru

99Ru

100Ru

101Ru

102Ru

103Ru

104Ru

105Ru

106Ru

107Ru

108Ru

109Ru

110Ru

111Ru

112Ru

113Ru

114Ru

115Ru

116Ru

117Ru

118Ru

119Ru

120Ru

121Ru

122Ru

123Ru

124Ru

125Ru

historia

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁸⁵Ru

⁸⁶Ru

⁸⁷Ru

⁸⁸Ru

⁸⁹Ru

⁹⁰Ru

⁹¹Ru

⁹²Ru

⁹³Ru

⁹⁴Ru

⁹⁵Ru

⁹⁶Ru

⁹⁷Ru

⁹⁸Ru

⁹⁹Ru

¹⁰⁰Ru

¹⁰¹Ru

¹⁰²Ru

¹⁰³Ru

¹⁰⁴Ru

¹⁰⁵Ru

¹⁰⁶Ru

¹⁰⁷Ru

¹⁰⁸Ru

¹⁰⁹Ru

¹¹⁰Ru

¹¹¹Ru

¹¹²Ru

¹¹³Ru

¹¹⁴Ru

¹¹⁵Ru

¹¹⁶Ru

¹¹⁷Ru

¹¹⁸Ru

¹¹⁹Ru

¹²⁰Ru

¹²¹Ru

¹²²Ru

¹²³Ru

¹²⁴Ru

¹²⁵Ru