Silizio (Si)

chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14

Atomic Number	14
Atomic Weight	28.085
Numero masico	28

Group	14
Period	3
Block	p

Protón	14 p⁺
Neutrón	14 n⁰
Electrón	14 e^-

Animated Modelo atomico de Bohr of Si (Silizio)

Physical Property

Radio Atomico	110 pm 232 pm
molar volume	12.1 cm³/mol
Radio covalent	116 pm 107 pm 102 pm 117 pm 111 pm
Metallic Radius	117 pm 138 pm
Radio ionico	26 pm 40 pm
Crystal Radius	40 pm 54 pm
Radio de van der Waals	210 pm 210 pm 427 pm 210 pm 229 pm 429.5 pm
density	2.3296 g/cm³ 2570 kg/m³

Chemical Property

enerchía

proton affinity	837 kJ/mol
Afinidat electronica	1.3895211 eV/particle
ionization energy	8.151683 eV/particle 16.345845 eV/particle 33.493 eV/particle 45.14179 eV/particle 166.767 eV/particle 205.267 eV/particle 246.32 eV/particle 303.66 eV/particle 351.1 eV/particle 401.38 eV/particle 476.18 eV/particle 523.415 eV/particle 2437.65804 eV/particle 2673.1774 eV/particle

Entalpía de vaporización	383 kJ/mol
entalpía de fusión	50.6 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	450 kJ/mol
Electrón

electron shell	2, 8, 4

valence electron	4 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ne] 3s² 3p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p²

Numero d'oxidación	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Electronegatividat	11.33 eV/particle 0.178503 1.9
Electrophilicity Index	1.6827934805482991 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3538.15 K
Melting Point	1687.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
Punto triple
appearance
Color	Gray #daa520 #f0c8a0 #f0c8a0
appearance	crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	149 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0.0000026 1/K
molar heat capacity	19.99 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.712 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Semiconductor
electrical conductivity	0.001 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0.001 Ω*m
superconductivity
magnetism
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000016 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0.0000000000449 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0.00000373
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal Structure	Tetrahedral Packing (DIA)
lattice constant	5.43 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	6.5 MPa
bulk modulus	100 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus	47 GPa
Poisson's ratio
speed of sound	2200 m/s
classification
Category	Metalloids, Metalloids
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	85
Mendeleev Number	88
Pettifor Number	85
Geochemical Class	major
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity	814.1 kJ/mol
polarizability	37.3 ± 0.7 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	305 a₀ 308 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0.166
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0002
quantum number	3P0
space group	227 (Fd_3m)

Isotopes of Silicon

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	21
Natural Isotopes	3

²²Si

Numero masico	22
neutron number	8
Relative Atomic Mass	22.036114 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	28.7 ± 1.1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	62%
2p (2-proton emission)	0.7%

²³Si

Numero masico	23
neutron number	9
Relative Atomic Mass	23.025711 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	42.3 ± 0.4 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1986
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	88%
2p (2-proton emission)	3.6%

²⁴Si

Numero masico	24
neutron number	10
Relative Atomic Mass	24.01153543 ± 0.000020904 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	143.2 ± 2.1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1979
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	34.5%

²⁵Si

Numero masico	25
neutron number	11
Relative Atomic Mass	25.004108798 ± 0.000010735 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	220.6 ± 1 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1963
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	35%

²⁶Si

Numero masico	26
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	25.992333818 ± 0.000000115 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	2.2453 ± 0.0007 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1960
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁷Si

Numero masico	27
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	26.986704687 ± 0.000000115 Da
g-factor	0.34608 ± 0.00012
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	4.117 ± 0.014 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.063 ± 0.014
time of discovery or invention	1939
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁸Si

Numero masico	28
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	27.97692653442 ± 0.00000000055 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	92.2545 ± 0.0037
Radioactividat	stable isotope
Periodo de semidesintegración	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1920
parity	+

²⁹Si

Numero masico	29
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	28.97649466434 ± 0.0000000006 Da
g-factor	-1.110104 ± 0.000006
natural abundance	4.672 ± 0.016
Radioactividat	stable isotope
Periodo de semidesintegración	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1920
parity	+

³⁰Si

Numero masico	30
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	29.973770137 ± 0.000000023 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	3.0735 ± 0.0021
Radioactividat	stable isotope
Periodo de semidesintegración	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1924
parity	+

³¹Si

Numero masico	31
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	30.975363196 ± 0.000000046 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	157.16 ± 0.2 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1934
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³²Si

Numero masico	32
neutron number	18
Relative Atomic Mass	31.974151538 ± 0.00000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	157 ± 7 y
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1953
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³³Si

Numero masico	33
neutron number	19
Relative Atomic Mass	32.977976964 ± 0.00000075 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	6.18 ± 0.18 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁴Si

Numero masico	34
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	33.978538045 ± 0.00000086 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	2.77 ± 0.2 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁵Si

Numero masico	35
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	34.984550111 ± 0.000038494 Da
g-factor	0.46828571428571 ± 0.0011428571428571
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	780 ± 120 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1971
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5%

³⁶Si

Numero masico	36
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	35.986649271 ± 0.000077077 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	503 ± 2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12%

³⁷Si

Numero masico	37
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	36.992945191 ± 0.000122179 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	141 ± 3.5 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1979
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁸Si

Numero masico	38
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	37.995523 ± 0.0001125 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	63 ± 8 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1979
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	25%

³⁹Si

Numero masico	39
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	39.002491 ± 0.0001455 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	41.2 ± 4.1 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1979
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	33%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁰Si

Numero masico	40
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	40.006083641 ± 0.000130962 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	31.2 ± 2.6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1989
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	38%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴¹Si

Numero masico	41
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	41.014171 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	20 ± 2.5 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1989
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	55%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴²Si

Numero masico	42
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	42.018078 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración	12.5 ± 3.5 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1990
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴³Si

Numero masico	43
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	43.026119 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2002
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁴Si

Numero masico	44
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	44.031466 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	2007
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁵Si

Numero masico	45
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	45.039818 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactividat	☢️ radioactive element
Periodo de semidesintegración
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

historia

discoverer or inventor	Jöns Berzelius
location of discovery	Sweden
time of discovery or invention	1824
Etimolochía	Latin: silex, silicus, (flint).
pronunciation	SIL-i-ken (English)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	282000 mg/kg
natural abundance (ocián)	2.2 mg/L
natural abundance (human body)	0.026 %
natural abundance (meteoroid)	14 %
natural abundance (Sol)	0.09 %
Abundance in Universe	0.07 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.4255
2	p	4.055
2	s	4.98
3	p	9.7148
3	s	9.0968

Silizio on ChemicalAid

Silizio (Si)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Silicon

22Si

23Si

24Si

25Si

26Si

27Si

28Si

29Si

30Si

31Si

32Si

33Si

34Si

35Si

36Si

37Si

38Si

39Si

40Si

41Si

42Si

43Si

44Si

45Si

historia

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

²²Si

²³Si

²⁴Si

²⁵Si

²⁶Si

²⁷Si

²⁸Si

²⁹Si

³⁰Si

³¹Si

³²Si

³³Si

³⁴Si

³⁵Si

³⁶Si

³⁷Si

³⁸Si

³⁹Si

⁴⁰Si

⁴¹Si

⁴²Si

⁴³Si

⁴⁴Si

⁴⁵Si