Silicij[um] (Si)

hemijski element sa simbolom Si i atomskim brojem 14

Atomic Number	14
Atomic Weight	28.085
Maseni broj	28

Group	14
Period	3
Block	p

Proton	14 p⁺
Neutron	14 n⁰
Elektron	14 e^-

Animated Bohrov model atoma of Si (Silicij[um])

Physical Property

Atomski Radijus	110 pm 232 pm
Molarni volumen	12,1 cm³/mol
covalent radius	116 pm 107 pm 102 pm 117 pm 111 pm
Metallic Radius	117 pm 138 pm
Ionski radijus	26 pm 40 pm
Crystal Radius	40 pm 54 pm
Van der Waalsov radijus	210 pm 210 pm 427 pm 210 pm 229 pm 429,5 pm
gustoća	2,3296 g/cm³ 2.570 kg/m³

Chemical Property

{ERROR}

energija

proton affinity	837 kJ/mol
electron affinity	1,3895211 eV/particle
ionization energy	8,151683 eV/particle 16,345845 eV/particle 33,493 eV/particle 45,14179 eV/particle 166,767 eV/particle 205,267 eV/particle 246,32 eV/particle 303,66 eV/particle 351,1 eV/particle 401,38 eV/particle 476,18 eV/particle 523,415 eV/particle 2.437,65804 eV/particle 2.673,1774 eV/particle

Toplota isparavanja	383 kJ/mol
toplota topljenja	50,6 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	450 kJ/mol
Elektron

electron shell	2, 8, 4

Valentni elektron	4 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ne] 3s² 3p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p²

oksidacijsko stanje	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektronegativnost	11,33 eV/particle 0.178503 1.9
Electrophilicity Index	1,6827934805482991 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

agregatno stanje
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3.538,15 K
Melting Point	1.687,15 K
critical pressure
Kritična temperatura
Trojna tačka
appearance
boja	Black #daa520 #f0c8a0 #f0c8a0
appearance	crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
Indeks prelamanja
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	149 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0,0000026 1/K
molar heat capacity	19,99 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,712 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Semiconductor
Specifična električna provodljivost	0,001 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0,001 Ω*m
Superprovodljivost
Magnetizam
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,0000000016 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,0000000000449 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,00000373
magnetic ordering
Kirijeva tačka
Néel temperature
struktura
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	5,43 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
Tvrdoća	6,5 MPa
bulk modulus	100 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus	47 GPa
Poisson's ratio
Brzina zvuka	2.200 m/s
klasifikacija
Category	Actinides, Metalloids
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	85
Mendeleev Number	88
Pettifor Number	85
Geochemical Class	major
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity	814,1 kJ/mol
polarizability	37,3 ± 0,7 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	305 a₀ 308 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0,166
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0002
Kvantni brojevi	3P0
space group	227 (Fd_3m)

Isotopes of Silicon

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	21
Natural Isotopes	3

²²Si

Maseni broj	22
broj neutrona	8
Relative Atomic Mass	22,036114 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	28,7 ± 1,1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	62%
2p (2-proton emission)	0.7%

²³Si

Maseni broj	23
broj neutrona	9
Relative Atomic Mass	23,025711 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	42,3 ± 0,4 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1986
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	88%
2p (2-proton emission)	3.6%

²⁴Si

Maseni broj	24
broj neutrona	10
Relative Atomic Mass	24,01153543 ± 0,000020904 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	143,2 ± 2,1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1979
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	34.5%

²⁵Si

Maseni broj	25
broj neutrona	11
Relative Atomic Mass	25,004108798 ± 0,000010735 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	220,6 ± 1 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1963
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	35%

²⁶Si

Maseni broj	26
broj neutrona	12
Relative Atomic Mass	25,992333818 ± 0,000000115 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	2,2453 ± 0,0007 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1960
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁷Si

Maseni broj	27
broj neutrona	13
Relative Atomic Mass	26,986704687 ± 0,000000115 Da
g-factor	0,34608 ± 0,00012
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	4,117 ± 0,014 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,063 ± 0,014
datum otkrića	1939
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁸Si

Maseni broj	28
broj neutrona	14
Relative Atomic Mass	27,97692653442 ± 0,00000000055 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	92,2545 ± 0,0037
Radioaktivnost	stable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspada	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1920
parity	+

²⁹Si

Maseni broj	29
broj neutrona	15
Relative Atomic Mass	28,97649466434 ± 0,0000000006 Da
g-factor	-1,110104 ± 0,000006
natural abundance	4,672 ± 0,016
Radioaktivnost	stable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspada	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1920
parity	+

³⁰Si

Maseni broj	30
broj neutrona	16
Relative Atomic Mass	29,973770137 ± 0,000000023 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	3,0735 ± 0,0021
Radioaktivnost	stable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspada	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1924
parity	+

³¹Si

Maseni broj	31
broj neutrona	17
Relative Atomic Mass	30,975363196 ± 0,000000046 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	157,16 ± 0,2 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1934
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³²Si

Maseni broj	32
broj neutrona	18
Relative Atomic Mass	31,974151538 ± 0,00000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	157 ± 7 y
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1953
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³³Si

Maseni broj	33
broj neutrona	19
Relative Atomic Mass	32,977976964 ± 0,00000075 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	6,18 ± 0,18 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁴Si

Maseni broj	34
broj neutrona	20
Relative Atomic Mass	33,978538045 ± 0,00000086 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	2,77 ± 0,2 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁵Si

Maseni broj	35
broj neutrona	21
Relative Atomic Mass	34,984550111 ± 0,000038494 Da
g-factor	0,46828571428571 ± 0,0011428571428571
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	780 ± 120 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1971
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5%

³⁶Si

Maseni broj	36
broj neutrona	22
Relative Atomic Mass	35,986649271 ± 0,000077077 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	503 ± 2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12%

³⁷Si

Maseni broj	37
broj neutrona	23
Relative Atomic Mass	36,992945191 ± 0,000122179 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	141 ± 3,5 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1979
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁸Si

Maseni broj	38
broj neutrona	24
Relative Atomic Mass	37,995523 ± 0,0001125 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	63 ± 8 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1979
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	25%

³⁹Si

Maseni broj	39
broj neutrona	25
Relative Atomic Mass	39,002491 ± 0,0001455 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	41,2 ± 4,1 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1979
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	33%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁰Si

Maseni broj	40
broj neutrona	26
Relative Atomic Mass	40,006083641 ± 0,000130962 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	31,2 ± 2,6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1989
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	38%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴¹Si

Maseni broj	41
broj neutrona	27
Relative Atomic Mass	41,014171 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	20 ± 2,5 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1989
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	55%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴²Si

Maseni broj	42
broj neutrona	28
Relative Atomic Mass	42,018078 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	12,5 ± 3,5 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1990
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴³Si

Maseni broj	43
broj neutrona	29
Relative Atomic Mass	43,026119 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	2002
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁴Si

Maseni broj	44
broj neutrona	30
Relative Atomic Mass	44,031466 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	2007
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁵Si

Maseni broj	45
broj neutrona	31
Relative Atomic Mass	45,039818 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

historija

otkrivač ili izumitelj	Jöns Berzelius
mjesto otkrića	Sweden
datum otkrića	1824
Etimologija	Latin: silex, silicus, (flint).
pronunciation	SIL-i-ken (engleski)

izvor

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	282.000 mg/kg
natural abundance (okean)	2,2 mg/L
natural abundance (ljudsko tijelo)	0,026 %
natural abundance (Meteoroidi)	14 %
natural abundance (Sunce)	0,09 %
Abundance in Universe	0,07 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.4255
2	p	4.055
2	s	4.98
3	p	9.7148
3	s	9.0968

Silicij[um] on ChemicalAid

Silicij[um] (Si)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Silicon

22Si

23Si

24Si

25Si

26Si

27Si

28Si

29Si

30Si

31Si

32Si

33Si

34Si

35Si

36Si

37Si

38Si

39Si

40Si

41Si

42Si

43Si

44Si

45Si

historija

izvor

Nuclear Screening Constants

²²Si

²³Si

²⁴Si

²⁵Si

²⁶Si

²⁷Si

²⁸Si

²⁹Si

³⁰Si

³¹Si

³²Si

³³Si

³⁴Si

³⁵Si

³⁶Si

³⁷Si

³⁸Si

³⁹Si

⁴⁰Si

⁴¹Si

⁴²Si

⁴³Si

⁴⁴Si

⁴⁵Si