Silici (Si)

chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14

Atomic Number	14
Atomic Weight	28.085
Rhif màs	28

Group	14
Period	3
Block	p

Proton	14 p⁺
Niwtron	14 n⁰
Electron	14 e^-

Nodwedd Ffisegol

Atomic Radius	110 pm 232 pm
molar volume	12.1 cm³/mol
covalent radius	116 pm 107 pm 102 pm 117 pm 111 pm
Metallic Radius	117 pm 138 pm
ionic radius	26 pm 40 pm
Crystal Radius	40 pm 54 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm 210 pm 427 pm 210 pm 229 pm 429.5 pm
density	2.3296 g/cm³ 2,570 kg/m³

Nodwedd Gemegol

{ERROR}

egni

proton affinity	837 kJ/mol
electron affinity	1.3895211 eV/particle
ionization energy	8.151683 eV/particle 16.345845 eV/particle 33.493 eV/particle 45.14179 eV/particle 166.767 eV/particle 205.267 eV/particle 246.32 eV/particle 303.66 eV/particle 351.1 eV/particle 401.38 eV/particle 476.18 eV/particle 523.415 eV/particle 2,437.65804 eV/particle 2,673.1774 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	383 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	50.6 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	450 kJ/mol
Electron

plisgyn yr electron	2, 8, 4

valence electron	4 ⓘ

trefn yr electronnau	[Ne] 3s² 3p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p²

Cyflwr ocsidiad	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Electronegatifedd	11.33 eV/particle 0.178503 1.9
Electrophilicity Index	1.6827934805482991 eV/particle
cyflwr sylfaenol mater

cyflwr mater
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3,538.15 K
Melting Point	1,687.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
lliw	Black #daa520 #f0c8a0 #f0c8a0
appearance	crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
Mynegrif plygiant
nodwedd ffisegol gwrthrych
Thermal Conductivity	149 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0.0000026 1/K
molar heat capacity	19.99 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.712 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Semiconductor
dargludedd trydanol	0.001 MS/m
Gwrthedd	0.001 Ω*m
superconductivity
magnetism
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000016 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0.0000000000449 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0.00000373
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
strwythur
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	5.43 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
nodwedd mecanyddol deunyddiau
hardness	6.5 MPa
bulk modulus	100 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus	47 GPa
Poisson's ratio
speed of sound	2,200 m/s
classification
Category	Actinides, Metalloids
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	85
Mendeleev Number	88
Pettifor Number	85
Geochemical Class	major
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity	814.1 kJ/mol
polarizability	37.3 ± 0.7 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	305 a₀ 308 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0.166
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0002
quantum number	3P0
space group	227 (Fd_3m)

Isotopes of Silicon

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	21
Natural Isotopes	3

²²Si

Rhif màs	22
neutron number	8
Relative Atomic Mass	22.036114 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	28.7 ± 1.1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	62%
2p (2-proton emission)	0.7%

²³Si

Rhif màs	23
neutron number	9
Relative Atomic Mass	23.025711 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	42.3 ± 0.4 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1986
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	88%
2p (2-proton emission)	3.6%

²⁴Si

Rhif màs	24
neutron number	10
Relative Atomic Mass	24.01153543 ± 0.000020904 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	143.2 ± 2.1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1979
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	34.5%

²⁵Si

Rhif màs	25
neutron number	11
Relative Atomic Mass	25.004108798 ± 0.000010735 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	220.6 ± 1 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1963
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	35%

²⁶Si

Rhif màs	26
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	25.992333818 ± 0.000000115 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	2.2453 ± 0.0007 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1960
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁷Si

Rhif màs	27
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	26.986704687 ± 0.000000115 Da
g-factor	0.34608 ± 0.00012
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	4.117 ± 0.014 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.063 ± 0.014
dyddiad darganfod	1939
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁸Si

Rhif màs	28
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	27.97692653442 ± 0.00000000055 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	92.2545 ± 0.0037
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	stable isotope
Hanner oes	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1920
parity	+

²⁹Si

Rhif màs	29
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	28.97649466434 ± 0.0000000006 Da
g-factor	-1.110104 ± 0.000006
natural abundance	4.672 ± 0.016
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	stable isotope
Hanner oes	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1920
parity	+

³⁰Si

Rhif màs	30
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	29.973770137 ± 0.000000023 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	3.0735 ± 0.0021
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	stable isotope
Hanner oes	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1924
parity	+

³¹Si

Rhif màs	31
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	30.975363196 ± 0.000000046 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	157.16 ± 0.2 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1934
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³²Si

Rhif màs	32
neutron number	18
Relative Atomic Mass	31.974151538 ± 0.00000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	157 ± 7 y
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1953
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³³Si

Rhif màs	33
neutron number	19
Relative Atomic Mass	32.977976964 ± 0.00000075 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	6.18 ± 0.18 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁴Si

Rhif màs	34
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	33.978538045 ± 0.00000086 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	2.77 ± 0.2 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁵Si

Rhif màs	35
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	34.984550111 ± 0.000038494 Da
g-factor	0.46828571428571 ± 0.0011428571428571
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	780 ± 120 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1971
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5%

³⁶Si

Rhif màs	36
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	35.986649271 ± 0.000077077 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	503 ± 2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12%

³⁷Si

Rhif màs	37
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	36.992945191 ± 0.000122179 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	141 ± 3.5 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1979
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁸Si

Rhif màs	38
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	37.995523 ± 0.0001125 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	63 ± 8 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1979
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	25%

³⁹Si

Rhif màs	39
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	39.002491 ± 0.0001455 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	41.2 ± 4.1 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1979
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	33%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁰Si

Rhif màs	40
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	40.006083641 ± 0.000130962 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	31.2 ± 2.6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1989
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	38%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴¹Si

Rhif màs	41
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	41.014171 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	20 ± 2.5 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1989
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	55%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴²Si

Rhif màs	42
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	42.018078 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	12.5 ± 3.5 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1990
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴³Si

Rhif màs	43
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	43.026119 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	2002
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁴Si

Rhif màs	44
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	44.031466 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	2007
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁵Si

Rhif màs	45
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	45.039818 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

hanes

darganfyddwr neu ddyfeisiwr	Jöns Berzelius
man darganfod	Sweden
dyddiad darganfod	1824
geirdarddiad	Latin: silex, silicus, (flint).
ynganiad	SIL-i-ken (Saesneg)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	282,000 mg/kg
natural abundance (cefnfor)	2.2 mg/L
natural abundance (corff dynol)	0.026 %
natural abundance (Awyrfaen)	14 %
natural abundance (Haul)	0.09 %
Abundance in Universe	0.07 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.4255
2	p	4.055
2	s	4.98
3	p	9.7148
3	s	9.0968

Silici on ChemicalAid

Silici (Si)

Nodwedd Ffisegol

Nodwedd Gemegol

other

Isotopes of Silicon

22Si

23Si

24Si

25Si

26Si

27Si

28Si

29Si

30Si

31Si

32Si

33Si

34Si

35Si

36Si

37Si

38Si

39Si

40Si

41Si

42Si

43Si

44Si

45Si

hanes

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

²²Si

²³Si

²⁴Si

²⁵Si

²⁶Si

²⁷Si

²⁸Si

²⁹Si

³⁰Si

³¹Si

³²Si

³³Si

³⁴Si

³⁵Si

³⁶Si

³⁷Si

³⁸Si

³⁹Si

⁴⁰Si

⁴¹Si

⁴²Si

⁴³Si

⁴⁴Si

⁴⁵Si