Silicium (Si)

grundstof med atomnummer 14

Atomnummer	14
Atommasse	28.085
mass number	28

Gruppe	14
Periode	3
Blok	p

proton	14 p⁺
neutron	14 n⁰
elektron	14 e^-

Animated Bohrs atommodel of Si (Silicium)

Fysisk Egenskab

Atomradius	110 pm 232 pm
molar volume	12,1 cm³/mol
Kovalent Radius	116 pm 107 pm 102 pm 117 pm 111 pm
Metallic Radius	117 pm 138 pm
Ionisk radius	26 pm 40 pm
Crystal Radius	40 pm 54 pm
Van der Waals-radius	210 pm 210 pm 427 pm 210 pm 229 pm 429,5 pm
massefylde	2,3296 g/cm³ 2.570 kg/m³

Kemisk Egenskab

{ERROR}

energi

proton affinity	837 kJ/mol
electron affinity	1,3895211 eV/particle
ioniseringsenergi	8,151683 eV/particle 16,345845 eV/particle 33,493 eV/particle 45,14179 eV/particle 166,767 eV/particle 205,267 eV/particle 246,32 eV/particle 303,66 eV/particle 351,1 eV/particle 401,38 eV/particle 476,18 eV/particle 523,415 eV/particle 2.437,65804 eV/particle 2.673,1774 eV/particle

Fordampningsvarme	383 kJ/mol
smeltevarme	50,6 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	450 kJ/mol
elektron

Elektronskal	2, 8, 4

Valenselektron	4 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ne] 3s² 3p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p²

Oxidationstrin	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektronegativitet	11,33 eV/particle 0.178503 1.9
Electrophilicity Index	1,6827934805482991 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

stoffase
gaseous state of matter
Kogepunkt	3.538,15 K
Smeltepunkt	1.687,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
appearance
farve	Sort #daa520 #f0c8a0 #f0c8a0
appearance	crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
Brydningsindeks
materialeegenskab
Varmeledningsevne	149 W/(m K)
Termisk ekspansion	0,0000026 1/K
molar heat capacity	19,99 J/(mol K)
Varmefylde	0,712 J/(g⋅K)
Adiabateksponenten
electrical properties
type	Semiconductor
specifik ledningsevne	0,001 MS/m
Elektrisk resistivitet	0,001 Ω*m
superledning
Magnetisme
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,0000000016 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,0000000000449 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,00000373
magnetic ordering
Curietemperaturen
Néel temperature
struktur
Krystalstruktur	{ERROR}
lattice constant	5,43 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hårdhed	6,5 MPa
Kompressibilitetsmodul	100 GPa
Forskydningsmodul
E-modul	47 GPa
Poissons forhold
speed of sound	2.200 m/s
klassificering
Kategori	Actinider, Metalloids
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	85
Mendeleev Number	88
Pettifor Number	85
Geochemical Class	major
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

øvrige

Gas Basicity	814,1 kJ/mol
polarizability	37,3 ± 0,7 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	305 a₀ 308 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0,166
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0002
quantum number	3P0
rumgruppe	227 (Fd_3m)

Isotopes of Silicon

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	21
Natural Isotopes	3

²²Si

mass number	22
neutron number	8
Relative Atomic Mass	22,036114 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	28,7 ± 1,1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1987
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	62%
2p (2-proton emission)	0.7%

²³Si

mass number	23
neutron number	9
Relative Atomic Mass	23,025711 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	42,3 ± 0,4 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1986
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	88%
2p (2-proton emission)	3.6%

²⁴Si

mass number	24
neutron number	10
Relative Atomic Mass	24,01153543 ± 0,000020904 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	143,2 ± 2,1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1979
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	34.5%

²⁵Si

mass number	25
neutron number	11
Relative Atomic Mass	25,004108798 ± 0,000010735 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	220,6 ± 1 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1963
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	35%

²⁶Si

mass number	26
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	25,992333818 ± 0,000000115 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	2,2453 ± 0,0007 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1960
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁷Si

mass number	27
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	26,986704687 ± 0,000000115 Da
g-factor	0,34608 ± 0,00012
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	4,117 ± 0,014 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,063 ± 0,014
opdagelsesdato	1939
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁸Si

mass number	28
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	27,97692653442 ± 0,00000000055 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	92,2545 ± 0,0037
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1920
Paritet	+

²⁹Si

mass number	29
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	28,97649466434 ± 0,0000000006 Da
g-factor	-1,110104 ± 0,000006
natural abundance	4,672 ± 0,016
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1920
Paritet	+

³⁰Si

mass number	30
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	29,973770137 ± 0,000000023 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	3,0735 ± 0,0021
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1924
Paritet	+

³¹Si

mass number	31
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	30,975363196 ± 0,000000046 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	157,16 ± 0,2 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1934
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³²Si

mass number	32
neutron number	18
Relative Atomic Mass	31,974151538 ± 0,00000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	157 ± 7 y
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1953
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³³Si

mass number	33
neutron number	19
Relative Atomic Mass	32,977976964 ± 0,00000075 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	6,18 ± 0,18 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1971
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁴Si

mass number	34
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	33,978538045 ± 0,00000086 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	2,77 ± 0,2 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1971
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁵Si

mass number	35
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	34,984550111 ± 0,000038494 Da
g-factor	0,46828571428571 ± 0,0011428571428571
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	780 ± 120 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1971
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5%

³⁶Si

mass number	36
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	35,986649271 ± 0,000077077 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	503 ± 2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1971
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12%

³⁷Si

mass number	37
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	36,992945191 ± 0,000122179 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	141 ± 3,5 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1979
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁸Si

mass number	38
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	37,995523 ± 0,0001125 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	63 ± 8 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1979
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	25%

³⁹Si

mass number	39
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	39,002491 ± 0,0001455 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	41,2 ± 4,1 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1979
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	33%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁰Si

mass number	40
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	40,006083641 ± 0,000130962 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	31,2 ± 2,6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1989
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	38%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴¹Si

mass number	41
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	41,014171 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	20 ± 2,5 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1989
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	55%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴²Si

mass number	42
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	42,018078 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	12,5 ± 3,5 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1990
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴³Si

mass number	43
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	43,026119 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2002
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁴Si

mass number	44
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	44,031466 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	2007
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁵Si

mass number	45
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	45,039818 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

historie

opdager eller opfinder	Jöns Berzelius
fundsted	Sweden
opdagelsesdato	1824
etymologi	Latin: silex, silicus, (flint).
udtale	SIL-i-ken (engelsk)

source

Forekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust	282.000 mg/kg
natural abundance (verdenshave)	2,2 mg/L
natural abundance (menneskelige krop)	0,026 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	14 %
natural abundance (Solen)	0,09 %
Abundance in Universe	0,07 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.4255
2	p	4.055
2	s	4.98
3	p	9.7148
3	s	9.0968

Silicium on ChemicalAid

Silicium (Si)

Fysisk Egenskab

Kemisk Egenskab

øvrige

Isotopes of Silicon

22Si

23Si

24Si

25Si

26Si

27Si

28Si

29Si

30Si

31Si

32Si

33Si

34Si

35Si

36Si

37Si

38Si

39Si

40Si

41Si

42Si

43Si

44Si

45Si

historie

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

²²Si

²³Si

²⁴Si

²⁵Si

²⁶Si

²⁷Si

²⁸Si

²⁹Si

³⁰Si

³¹Si

³²Si

³³Si

³⁴Si

³⁵Si

³⁶Si

³⁷Si

³⁸Si

³⁹Si

⁴⁰Si

⁴¹Si

⁴²Si

⁴³Si

⁴⁴Si

⁴⁵Si