Кремний

Кремний (Si)

chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14
Atomic Number14
Atomic Weight28.085
mass number28
Group14
Period3
Blockp
Протон14 p+
Нейтрон14 n0
Электрон14 e-
Animated Bohr model of Si (Кремний)

Physical Property

Атомдук Радиус
molar volume
covalent radius
Metallic Radius
ionic radius
Crystal Radius
Van der Waals radius
density
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Кремний0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200210pmАтомдук РадиусCovalent RadiusMetallic RadiusVan der Waals radius

Chemical Property

энергия
proton affinity
electron affinity
ionization energy
ionization energy of Si (Кремний)
enthalpy of vaporization
enthalpy of fusion
standard enthalpy of formation
Электрон
electron shell2, 8, 4
Bohr model: Si (Кремний)
valence electron4
Lewis structure: Si (Кремний)
electron configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
Enhanced Bohr model of Si (Кремний)
Orbital Diagram of Si (Кремний)
oxidation number-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
electronegativity
1.9
Electrophilicity Index
fundamental state of matter
phase of matterSolid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point
Melting Point
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
Түс –
Gray
appearancecrystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity
thermal expansion
molar heat capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeSemiconductor
electrical conductivity
electrical resistivity
superconductivity
Магнетизм
typediamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
-0,0000000016 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
-0,0000000000449 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
-0,00000373
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
түзүм
Crystal StructureTetrahedral Packing (DIA)
lattice constant
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness
bulk modulus
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
speed of sound
classification
CategoryMetalloids, Metalloids
CAS GroupIVB
IUPAC GroupIVA
Glawe Number85
Mendeleev Number88
Pettifor Number85
Geochemical Classmajor
Литофиль элементтериlitophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
allotrope
Neutron cross section
0,166
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,0002
Кванттык сандар3P0
space group227 (Fd_3m)

Isotopes of Silicon

Stable Isotopes3
Unstable Isotopes21
Natural Isotopes3
Isotopic Composition2892.25%2892.25%294.67%294.67%303.07%303.07%

22Si

mass number22
neutron number8
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
28,7 ± 1,1 ms
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1987
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)62%
2p (2-proton emission)0.7%

23Si

mass number23
neutron number9
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
42,3 ± 0,4 ms
Спин3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1986
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)88%
2p (2-proton emission)3.6%

24Si

mass number24
neutron number10
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
143,2 ± 2,1 ms
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1979
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)34.5%

25Si

mass number25
neutron number11
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
220,6 ± 1 ms
Спин5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1963
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)35%

26Si

mass number26
neutron number12
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
2,2453 ± 0,0007 s
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1960
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

27Si

mass number27
neutron number13
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0,34608 ± 0,00012
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
4,117 ± 0,014 s
Спин5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,063 ± 0,014
time of discovery or invention1939
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

28Si

mass number28
neutron number14
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
92,2545 ± 0,0037
Радиоактивдүүлүкstable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1920
parity+

29Si

mass number29
neutron number15
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
-1,110104 ± 0,000006
natural abundance
4,672 ± 0,016
Радиоактивдүүлүкstable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
Спин1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1920
parity+

30Si

mass number30
neutron number16
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
3,0735 ± 0,0021
Радиоактивдүүлүкstable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1924
parity+

31Si

mass number31
neutron number17
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
157,16 ± 0,2 m
Спин3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1934
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

32Si

mass number32
neutron number18
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
157 ± 7 y
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1953
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

33Si

mass number33
neutron number19
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
6,18 ± 0,18 s
Спин3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1971
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

34Si

mass number34
neutron number20
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
2,77 ± 0,2 s
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1971
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

35Si

mass number35
neutron number21
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0,46828571428571 ± 0,0011428571428571
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
780 ± 120 ms
Спин7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1971
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)5%

36Si

mass number36
neutron number22
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
503 ± 2 ms
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1971
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)12%

37Si

mass number37
neutron number23
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
141 ± 3,5 ms
Спин5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1979
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)17%
2n (2-neutron emission)

38Si

mass number38
neutron number24
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
63 ± 8 ms
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1979
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)25%

39Si

mass number39
neutron number25
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
41,2 ± 4,1 ms
Спин5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1979
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)33%
2n (2-neutron emission)

40Si

mass number40
neutron number26
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
31,2 ± 2,6 ms
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1989
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)38%
2n (2-neutron emission)

41Si

mass number41
neutron number27
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
20 ± 2,5 ms
Спин7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1989
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)55%
2n (2-neutron emission)

42Si

mass number42
neutron number28
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
12,5 ± 3,5 ms
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1990
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

43Si

mass number43
neutron number29
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention2002
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

44Si

mass number44
neutron number30
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention2007
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

45Si

mass number45
neutron number31
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)
SiliconCroda
Silicon-unit-cell-3D-balls

тарых

discoverer or inventorJöns Berzelius
location of discoverySweden
time of discovery or invention1824
ЭтимологияLatin: silex, silicus, (flint).
pronunciationSIL-i-ken (англисче)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
natural abundance (Океан)
natural abundance (human body)
0,026 %
natural abundance (meteoroid)
14 %
natural abundance (Күн)
0,09 %
Abundance in Universe
0,07 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.4255
2p4.055
2s4.98
3p9.7148
3s9.0968