Кремний (Si)

chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14

Atomic Number	14
Atomic Weight	28.085
mass number	28

Group	14
Period	3
Block	p

Протон	14 p⁺
Нейтрон	14 n⁰
Электрон	14 e^-

Physical Property

Атомдук Радиус	110 pm 232 pm
molar volume	12,1 cm³/mol
covalent radius	116 pm 107 pm 102 pm 117 pm 111 pm
Metallic Radius	117 pm 138 pm
ionic radius	26 pm 40 pm
Crystal Radius	40 pm 54 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm 210 pm 427 pm 210 pm 229 pm 429,5 pm
density	2,3296 g/cm³ 2 570 kg/m³

Chemical Property

энергия

proton affinity	837 kJ/mol
electron affinity	1,3895211 eV/particle
ionization energy	8,151683 eV/particle 16,345845 eV/particle 33,493 eV/particle 45,14179 eV/particle 166,767 eV/particle 205,267 eV/particle 246,32 eV/particle 303,66 eV/particle 351,1 eV/particle 401,38 eV/particle 476,18 eV/particle 523,415 eV/particle 2 437,65804 eV/particle 2 673,1774 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	383 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	50,6 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	450 kJ/mol
Электрон

electron shell	2, 8, 4

valence electron	4 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ne] 3s² 3p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p²

oxidation number	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
electronegativity	11,33 eV/particle 0.178503 1.9
Electrophilicity Index	1,6827934805482991 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3 538,15 K
Melting Point	1 687,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
Түс –	Gray #daa520 #f0c8a0 #f0c8a0
appearance	crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	149 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0,0000026 1/K
molar heat capacity	19,99 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,712 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Semiconductor
electrical conductivity	0,001 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0,001 m Ω
superconductivity
Магнетизм
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,0000000016 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,0000000000449 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,00000373
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
түзүм
Crystal Structure	Tetrahedral Packing (DIA)
lattice constant	5,43 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	6,5 MPa
bulk modulus	100 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus	47 GPa
Poisson's ratio
speed of sound	2 200 m/s
classification
Category	Metalloids, Metalloids
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	85
Mendeleev Number	88
Pettifor Number	85
Geochemical Class	major
Литофиль элементтери	litophile

other

Gas Basicity	814,1 kJ/mol
polarizability	37,3 ± 0,7 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	305 a₀ 308 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0,166
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0002
Кванттык сандар	3P0
space group	227 (Fd_3m)

Isotopes of Silicon

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	21
Natural Isotopes	3

²²Si

mass number	22
neutron number	8
relative atomic mass	22,036114 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	28,7 ± 1,1 ms
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	62%
2p (2-proton emission)	0.7%

²³Si

mass number	23
neutron number	9
relative atomic mass	23,025711 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	42,3 ± 0,4 ms
Спин	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1986
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	88%
2p (2-proton emission)	3.6%

²⁴Si

mass number	24
neutron number	10
relative atomic mass	24,01153543 ± 0,000020904 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	143,2 ± 2,1 ms
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1979
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	34.5%

²⁵Si

mass number	25
neutron number	11
relative atomic mass	25,004108798 ± 0,000010735 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	220,6 ± 1 ms
Спин	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1963
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	35%

²⁶Si

mass number	26
neutron number	12
relative atomic mass	25,992333818 ± 0,000000115 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	2,2453 ± 0,0007 s
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1960
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁷Si

mass number	27
neutron number	13
relative atomic mass	26,986704687 ± 0,000000115 Da
g-factor	0,34608 ± 0,00012
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	4,117 ± 0,014 s
Спин	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,063 ± 0,014
time of discovery or invention	1939
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁸Si

mass number	28
neutron number	14
relative atomic mass	27,97692653442 ± 0,00000000055 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	92,2545 ± 0,0037
Радиоактивдүүлүк	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1920
parity	+

²⁹Si

mass number	29
neutron number	15
relative atomic mass	28,97649466434 ± 0,0000000006 Da
g-factor	-1,110104 ± 0,000006
natural abundance	4,672 ± 0,016
Радиоактивдүүлүк	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Спин	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1920
parity	+

³⁰Si

mass number	30
neutron number	16
relative atomic mass	29,973770137 ± 0,000000023 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	3,0735 ± 0,0021
Радиоактивдүүлүк	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1924
parity	+

³¹Si

mass number	31
neutron number	17
relative atomic mass	30,975363196 ± 0,000000046 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	157,16 ± 0,2 m
Спин	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1934
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³²Si

mass number	32
neutron number	18
relative atomic mass	31,974151538 ± 0,00000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	157 ± 7 y
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1953
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³³Si

mass number	33
neutron number	19
relative atomic mass	32,977976964 ± 0,00000075 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	6,18 ± 0,18 s
Спин	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁴Si

mass number	34
neutron number	20
relative atomic mass	33,978538045 ± 0,00000086 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	2,77 ± 0,2 s
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁵Si

mass number	35
neutron number	21
relative atomic mass	34,984550111 ± 0,000038494 Da
g-factor	0,46828571428571 ± 0,0011428571428571
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	780 ± 120 ms
Спин	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1971
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5%

³⁶Si

mass number	36
neutron number	22
relative atomic mass	35,986649271 ± 0,000077077 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	503 ± 2 ms
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12%

³⁷Si

mass number	37
neutron number	23
relative atomic mass	36,992945191 ± 0,000122179 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	141 ± 3,5 ms
Спин	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1979
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁸Si

mass number	38
neutron number	24
relative atomic mass	37,995523 ± 0,0001125 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	63 ± 8 ms
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1979
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	25%

³⁹Si

mass number	39
neutron number	25
relative atomic mass	39,002491 ± 0,0001455 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	41,2 ± 4,1 ms
Спин	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1979
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	33%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁰Si

mass number	40
neutron number	26
relative atomic mass	40,006083641 ± 0,000130962 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	31,2 ± 2,6 ms
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1989
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	38%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴¹Si

mass number	41
neutron number	27
relative atomic mass	41,014171 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	20 ± 2,5 ms
Спин	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1989
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	55%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴²Si

mass number	42
neutron number	28
relative atomic mass	42,018078 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	12,5 ± 3,5 ms
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1990
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴³Si

mass number	43
neutron number	29
relative atomic mass	43,026119 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2002
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁴Si

mass number	44
neutron number	30
relative atomic mass	44,031466 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	2007
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁵Si

mass number	45
neutron number	31
relative atomic mass	45,039818 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

тарых

discoverer or inventor	Jöns Berzelius
location of discovery	Sweden
time of discovery or invention	1824
Этимология	Latin: silex, silicus, (flint).
pronunciation	SIL-i-ken (англисче)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	282 000 mg/kg
natural abundance (Океан)	2,2 mg/L
natural abundance (human body)	0,026 %
natural abundance (meteoroid)	14 %
natural abundance (Күн)	0,09 %
Abundance in Universe	0,07 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.4255
2	p	4.055
2	s	4.98
3	p	9.7148
3	s	9.0968

Кремний on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300011769
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3575
BNCF Thesaurus ID	38210
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	11976956v
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	silicium
CAS Registry Number	7440-21-3
ChEBI ID	27573
ChemSpider ID	4574465
CosIng number	96140
Cultureel Woordenboek ID	natuurkunde-scheikunde-en-sterrenkunde/silicium
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID5030038
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID0051441
Den Store Danske ID	silicium
DrugBank ID	12982
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.300
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/silicon
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	silicium
Fandom article ID	memory-alpha:Silicon
Freebase ID	/m/025sf80
French Vikidia ID	Silicium
GND ID	4077445-4
Golden ID	Silicon-K4P5N
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2109143
HSDB ID	5033
ICSC ID	1508
InChI	InChI=1S/Si
InChIKey	XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Silicon
KEGG ID	C06263
Krugosvet article	himiya/kremniy
LEM ID	LEM201008365
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	117852
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85122512
MeSH descriptor ID	D012825
NALT ID	55167
NDL Authority ID	00565390
NKCR AUT ID	ph122083
Namuwiki ID	규소
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007543750105171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	3421
OpenAlex ID	C544956773
PSH ID	5797
Probes And Drugs ID	PD143900
PubChem CID	5461123
RxNorm ID	9774
Römpp online ID	RD-19-02444
Store norske leksikon ID	silisium
Treccani ID	silicio
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	12808
UNII	Z4152N8IUI
USGS Thesaurus ID	1575
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Silicon"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14678720-n
YSO ID	15609
ZVG number	8110

Кремний (Si)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Silicon

22Si

23Si

24Si

25Si

26Si

27Si

28Si

29Si

30Si

31Si

32Si

33Si

34Si

35Si

36Si

37Si

38Si

39Si

40Si

41Si

42Si

43Si

44Si

45Si

тарых

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

²²Si

²³Si

²⁴Si

²⁵Si

²⁶Si

²⁷Si

²⁸Si

²⁹Si

³⁰Si

³¹Si

³²Si

³³Si

³⁴Si

³⁵Si

³⁶Si

³⁷Si

³⁸Si

³⁹Si

⁴⁰Si

⁴¹Si

⁴²Si

⁴³Si

⁴⁴Si

⁴⁵Si