Silīcijs (Si)

chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14

Atomic Number	14
Atomic Weight	28.085
Masas skaitlis	28

Group	14
Period	3
Block	p

protons	14 p⁺
neitrons	14 n⁰
elektrons	14 e^-

Animated Bora atoma struktūras modelis of Si (Silīcijs)

Fizikāla Īpašība

Atoma Rādiuss	110 pm 232 pm
molar volume	12,1 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	116 pm 107 pm 102 pm 117 pm 111 pm
Metallic Radius	117 pm 138 pm
ionic radius	26 pm 40 pm
Crystal Radius	40 pm 54 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm 210 pm 427 pm 210 pm 229 pm 429,5 pm
blīvums	2,3296 g/cm³ 2 570 kg/m³

Chemical Property

{ERROR}

enerģija

proton affinity	837 kJ/mol
Elektrontieksme	1,3895211 eV/particle
jonizācijas potenciāls	8,151683 eV/particle 16,345845 eV/particle 33,493 eV/particle 45,14179 eV/particle 166,767 eV/particle 205,267 eV/particle 246,32 eV/particle 303,66 eV/particle 351,1 eV/particle 401,38 eV/particle 476,18 eV/particle 523,415 eV/particle 2 437,65804 eV/particle 2 673,1774 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	383 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	50,6 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	450 kJ/mol
elektrons

electron shell	2, 8, 4

vērtības elektrons	4 ⓘ

elektronu konfigurācija	[Ne] 3s² 3p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p²

Oksidēšanas pakāpe	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
elektronegativitāte	11,33 eV/particle 0.178503 1.9
Electrophilicity Index	1,6827934805482991 eV/particle
fundamentālais agregātstāvoklis

agregātstāvoklis
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3 538,15 K
Melting Point	1 687,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trīskāršais punkts
appearance
krāsa	Black #daa520 #f0c8a0 #f0c8a0
appearance	crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
Laušanas koeficients
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	149 W/(m K)
Termiskā izplešanās	0,0000026 1/K
Molārā siltumietilpība	19,99 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,712 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Semiconductor
electrical conductivity	0,001 MS/m
īpatnējā pretestība	0,001 Ω*m
Supravadītspēja
Magnētisms
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,0000000016 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,0000000000449 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,00000373
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
struktūra
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	5,43 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
Cietība	6,5 MPa
tilpuma elastības modulis	100 GPa
shear modulus
Junga modulis	47 GPa
Poisson's ratio
skaņas ātrums	2 200 m/s
klasifikācija
Category	Actinides, Metalloids
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	85
Mendeleev Number	88
Pettifor Number	85
Geochemical Class	major
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity	814,1 kJ/mol
polarizability	37,3 ± 0,7 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	305 a₀ 308 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0,166
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0002
quantum number	3P0
space group	227 (Fd_3m)

Isotopes of Silicon

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	21
Natural Isotopes	3

²²Si

Masas skaitlis	22
neutron number	8
Relative Atomic Mass	22,036114 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	28,7 ± 1,1 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	62%
2p (2-proton emission)	0.7%

²³Si

Masas skaitlis	23
neutron number	9
Relative Atomic Mass	23,025711 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	42,3 ± 0,4 ms
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1986
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	88%
2p (2-proton emission)	3.6%

²⁴Si

Masas skaitlis	24
neutron number	10
Relative Atomic Mass	24,01153543 ± 0,000020904 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	143,2 ± 2,1 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1979
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	34.5%

²⁵Si

Masas skaitlis	25
neutron number	11
Relative Atomic Mass	25,004108798 ± 0,000010735 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	220,6 ± 1 ms
spins	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1963
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	35%

²⁶Si

Masas skaitlis	26
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	25,992333818 ± 0,000000115 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	2,2453 ± 0,0007 s
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1960
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁷Si

Masas skaitlis	27
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	26,986704687 ± 0,000000115 Da
g-factor	0,34608 ± 0,00012
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	4,117 ± 0,014 s
spins	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,063 ± 0,014
atklāšanas datums	1939
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁸Si

Masas skaitlis	28
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	27,97692653442 ± 0,00000000055 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	92,2545 ± 0,0037
radioaktivitāte	stable isotope
Pussabrukšanas periods	Not Radioactive ☢️
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1920
parity	+

²⁹Si

Masas skaitlis	29
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	28,97649466434 ± 0,0000000006 Da
g-factor	-1,110104 ± 0,000006
natural abundance	4,672 ± 0,016
radioaktivitāte	stable isotope
Pussabrukšanas periods	Not Radioactive ☢️
spins	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1920
parity	+

³⁰Si

Masas skaitlis	30
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	29,973770137 ± 0,000000023 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	3,0735 ± 0,0021
radioaktivitāte	stable isotope
Pussabrukšanas periods	Not Radioactive ☢️
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1924
parity	+

³¹Si

Masas skaitlis	31
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	30,975363196 ± 0,000000046 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	157,16 ± 0,2 m
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1934
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³²Si

Masas skaitlis	32
neutron number	18
Relative Atomic Mass	31,974151538 ± 0,00000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	157 ± 7 y
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1953
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³³Si

Masas skaitlis	33
neutron number	19
Relative Atomic Mass	32,977976964 ± 0,00000075 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	6,18 ± 0,18 s
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁴Si

Masas skaitlis	34
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	33,978538045 ± 0,00000086 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	2,77 ± 0,2 s
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁵Si

Masas skaitlis	35
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	34,984550111 ± 0,000038494 Da
g-factor	0,46828571428571 ± 0,0011428571428571
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	780 ± 120 ms
spins	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1971
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5%

³⁶Si

Masas skaitlis	36
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	35,986649271 ± 0,000077077 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	503 ± 2 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12%

³⁷Si

Masas skaitlis	37
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	36,992945191 ± 0,000122179 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	141 ± 3,5 ms
spins	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1979
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁸Si

Masas skaitlis	38
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	37,995523 ± 0,0001125 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	63 ± 8 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1979
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	25%

³⁹Si

Masas skaitlis	39
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	39,002491 ± 0,0001455 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	41,2 ± 4,1 ms
spins	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1979
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	33%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁰Si

Masas skaitlis	40
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	40,006083641 ± 0,000130962 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	31,2 ± 2,6 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1989
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	38%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴¹Si

Masas skaitlis	41
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	41,014171 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	20 ± 2,5 ms
spins	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1989
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	55%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴²Si

Masas skaitlis	42
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	42,018078 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	12,5 ± 3,5 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1990
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴³Si

Masas skaitlis	43
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	43,026119 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	2002
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁴Si

Masas skaitlis	44
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	44,031466 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	2007
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁵Si

Masas skaitlis	45
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	45,039818 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

vēsture

atklājējs vai izgudrotājs	Jöns Berzelius
atraduma atrašanās vieta	Sweden
atklāšanas datums	1824
Etimoloģija	Latin: silex, silicus, (flint).
izruna	SIL-i-ken (angļu)

avots

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	282 000 mg/kg
natural abundance (okeāns)	2,2 mg/L
natural abundance (cilvēka ķermenis)	0,026 %
natural abundance (meteoroīds)	14 %
natural abundance (Saule)	0,09 %
Abundance in Universe	0,07 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.4255
2	p	4.055
2	s	4.98
3	p	9.7148
3	s	9.0968

Silīcijs on ChemicalAid

Silīcijs (Si)

Fizikāla Īpašība

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Silicon

22Si

23Si

24Si

25Si

26Si

27Si

28Si

29Si

30Si

31Si

32Si

33Si

34Si

35Si

36Si

37Si

38Si

39Si

40Si

41Si

42Si

43Si

44Si

45Si

vēsture

avots

Nuclear Screening Constants

²²Si

²³Si

²⁴Si

²⁵Si

²⁶Si

²⁷Si

²⁸Si

²⁹Si

³⁰Si

³¹Si

³²Si

³³Si

³⁴Si

³⁵Si

³⁶Si

³⁷Si

³⁸Si

³⁹Si

⁴⁰Si

⁴¹Si

⁴²Si

⁴³Si

⁴⁴Si

⁴⁵Si