Silikon (Si)

unsur kimia dengan simbol Si dan nombor atom 14

Atomic Number	14
Atomic Weight	28.085
Nombor jisim	28

Group	14
Period	3
Block	p

proton	14 p⁺
neutron	14 n⁰
Elektron	14 e^-

Sifat Fizikal

Jejari Atom	110 pm 232 pm
molar volume	12.1 cm³/mol
Jejari kovalen	116 pm 107 pm 102 pm 117 pm 111 pm
Metallic Radius	117 pm 138 pm
ionic radius	26 pm 40 pm
Crystal Radius	40 pm 54 pm
Jejari van der Waals	210 pm 210 pm 427 pm 210 pm 229 pm 429.5 pm
ketumpatan	2.3296 g/cm³ 2,570 kg/m³

Sifat Kimia

{ERROR}

tenaga

proton affinity	837 kJ/mol
Pertalian elektron	1.3895211 eV/particle
ionization energy	8.151683 eV/particle 16.345845 eV/particle 33.493 eV/particle 45.14179 eV/particle 166.767 eV/particle 205.267 eV/particle 246.32 eV/particle 303.66 eV/particle 351.1 eV/particle 401.38 eV/particle 476.18 eV/particle 523.415 eV/particle 2,437.65804 eV/particle 2,673.1774 eV/particle

Entalpi pengewapan	383 kJ/mol
entalpi pelakuran	50.6 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	450 kJ/mol
Elektron

Petala elektron	2, 8, 4

Elektron valens	4 ⓘ

tatarajah elektron	[Ne] 3s² 3p²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p²

Keadaan pengoksidaan	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Keelektronegatifan	11.33 eV/particle 0.178503 1.9
Electrophilicity Index	1.6827934805482991 eV/particle
keadaan jirim asas

fasa jirim
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3,538.15 K
Melting Point	1,687.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
rupa
warna	Black #daa520 #f0c8a0 #f0c8a0
rupa	crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
indeks biasan
sifat bahan
Thermal Conductivity	149 W/(m K)
Pengembangan terma	0.0000026 1/K
molar heat capacity	19.99 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.712 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Semiconductor
Kekonduksian elektrik	0.001 MS/m
Kerintangan dan kekonduksian elektrik	0.001 Ω*m
Kesuperkonduksian
kemagnetan
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000016 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0.0000000000449 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0.00000373
magnetic ordering
Suhu Curie
Néel temperature
struktur
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	5.43 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	6.5 MPa
Modulus pukal	100 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus	47 GPa
Nisbah Poisson
Kelajuan bunyi	2,200 m/s
pengelasan
Category	Actinides, Metalloids
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	85
Mendeleev Number	88
Pettifor Number	85
Geochemical Class	major
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity	814.1 kJ/mol
polarizability	37.3 ± 0.7 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	305 a₀ 308 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0.166
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0002
Nombor kuantum	3P0
space group	227 (Fd_3m)

Isotopes of Silicon

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	21
Natural Isotopes	3

²²Si

Nombor jisim	22
nombor neutron	8
Jisim Atom Relatif	22.036114 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	28.7 ± 1.1 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	62%
2p (2-proton emission)	0.7%

²³Si

Nombor jisim	23
nombor neutron	9
Jisim Atom Relatif	23.025711 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	42.3 ± 0.4 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1986
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	88%
2p (2-proton emission)	3.6%

²⁴Si

Nombor jisim	24
nombor neutron	10
Jisim Atom Relatif	24.01153543 ± 0.000020904 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	143.2 ± 2.1 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1979
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	34.5%

²⁵Si

Nombor jisim	25
nombor neutron	11
Jisim Atom Relatif	25.004108798 ± 0.000010735 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	220.6 ± 1 ms
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1963
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	35%

²⁶Si

Nombor jisim	26
nombor neutron	12
Jisim Atom Relatif	25.992333818 ± 0.000000115 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	2.2453 ± 0.0007 s
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1960
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁷Si

Nombor jisim	27
nombor neutron	13
Jisim Atom Relatif	26.986704687 ± 0.000000115 Da
g-factor	0.34608 ± 0.00012
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	4.117 ± 0.014 s
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.063 ± 0.014
tarikh penemuan	1939
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁸Si

Nombor jisim	28
nombor neutron	14
Jisim Atom Relatif	27.97692653442 ± 0.00000000055 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	92.2545 ± 0.0037
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1920
parity	+

²⁹Si

Nombor jisim	29
nombor neutron	15
Jisim Atom Relatif	28.97649466434 ± 0.0000000006 Da
g-factor	-1.110104 ± 0.000006
natural abundance	4.672 ± 0.016
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1920
parity	+

³⁰Si

Nombor jisim	30
nombor neutron	16
Jisim Atom Relatif	29.973770137 ± 0.000000023 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	3.0735 ± 0.0021
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1924
parity	+

³¹Si

Nombor jisim	31
nombor neutron	17
Jisim Atom Relatif	30.975363196 ± 0.000000046 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	157.16 ± 0.2 m
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1934
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³²Si

Nombor jisim	32
nombor neutron	18
Jisim Atom Relatif	31.974151538 ± 0.00000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	157 ± 7 y
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1953
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³³Si

Nombor jisim	33
nombor neutron	19
Jisim Atom Relatif	32.977976964 ± 0.00000075 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	6.18 ± 0.18 s
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1971
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁴Si

Nombor jisim	34
nombor neutron	20
Jisim Atom Relatif	33.978538045 ± 0.00000086 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	2.77 ± 0.2 s
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1971
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁵Si

Nombor jisim	35
nombor neutron	21
Jisim Atom Relatif	34.984550111 ± 0.000038494 Da
g-factor	0.46828571428571 ± 0.0011428571428571
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	780 ± 120 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1971
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5%

³⁶Si

Nombor jisim	36
nombor neutron	22
Jisim Atom Relatif	35.986649271 ± 0.000077077 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	503 ± 2 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1971
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12%

³⁷Si

Nombor jisim	37
nombor neutron	23
Jisim Atom Relatif	36.992945191 ± 0.000122179 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	141 ± 3.5 ms
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1979
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁸Si

Nombor jisim	38
nombor neutron	24
Jisim Atom Relatif	37.995523 ± 0.0001125 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	63 ± 8 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1979
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	25%

³⁹Si

Nombor jisim	39
nombor neutron	25
Jisim Atom Relatif	39.002491 ± 0.0001455 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	41.2 ± 4.1 ms
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1979
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	33%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁰Si

Nombor jisim	40
nombor neutron	26
Jisim Atom Relatif	40.006083641 ± 0.000130962 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	31.2 ± 2.6 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1989
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	38%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴¹Si

Nombor jisim	41
nombor neutron	27
Jisim Atom Relatif	41.014171 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	20 ± 2.5 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1989
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	55%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴²Si

Nombor jisim	42
nombor neutron	28
Jisim Atom Relatif	42.018078 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	12.5 ± 3.5 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1990
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴³Si

Nombor jisim	43
nombor neutron	29
Jisim Atom Relatif	43.026119 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2002
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁴Si

Nombor jisim	44
nombor neutron	30
Jisim Atom Relatif	44.031466 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	2007
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁵Si

Nombor jisim	45
nombor neutron	31
Jisim Atom Relatif	45.039818 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

sejarah

penemu atau pereka	Jöns Berzelius
tempat penemuan	Sweden
tarikh penemuan	1824
Etimologi	Latin: silex, silicus, (flint).
sebutan	SIL-i-ken (Inggeris)

sumber

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	282,000 mg/kg
natural abundance (lautan)	2.2 mg/L
natural abundance (Tubuh manusia)	0.026 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	14 %
natural abundance (Matahari)	0.09 %
Abundance in Universe	0.07 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.4255
2	p	4.055
2	s	4.98
3	p	9.7148
3	s	9.0968

Silikon on ChemicalAid

Silikon (Si)

Sifat Fizikal

Sifat Kimia

other

Isotopes of Silicon

22Si

23Si

24Si

25Si

26Si

27Si

28Si

29Si

30Si

31Si

32Si

33Si

34Si

35Si

36Si

37Si

38Si

39Si

40Si

41Si

42Si

43Si

44Si

45Si

sejarah

sumber

Nuclear Screening Constants

²²Si

²³Si

²⁴Si

²⁵Si

²⁶Si

²⁷Si

²⁸Si

²⁹Si

³⁰Si

³¹Si

³²Si

³³Si

³⁴Si

³⁵Si

³⁶Si

³⁷Si

³⁸Si

³⁹Si

⁴⁰Si

⁴¹Si

⁴²Si

⁴³Si

⁴⁴Si

⁴⁵Si