Силитсий

Силитсий (Si)

chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14
Atomic Number14
Atomic Weight28.085
Адади массавӣ28
Group14
Period3
Blockp
proton14 p+
neutron14 n0
electron14 e-
Animated Bohr model of Si (Силитсий)

Хусусияти Физикӣ

Atomic Radius
110 pm
molar volume
covalent radius
116 pm
Metallic Radius
117 pm
ionic radius
26 pm
Crystal Radius
40 pm
Van der Waals radius
210 pm
зичӣ
2,3296 g/cm³
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Силитсий0153045607590105120135150165180195210pmAtomic RadiusCovalent RadiusMetallic RadiusVan der Waals radius

Chemical Property

энергия
proton affinity
837 kJ/mol
electron affinity
1,3895211 eV/particle
ionization energy
8,151683 eV/particle
ionization energy of Si (Силитсий)
enthalpy of vaporization
383 kJ/mol
гармои гудозиш
50,6 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation
450 kJ/mol
electron
Абри электронӣ2, 8, 4
Bohr model: Si (Силитсий)
valence electron4
Lewis structure: Si (Силитсий)
electron configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
Enhanced Bohr model of Si (Силитсий)
Orbital Diagram of Si (Силитсий)
oxidation number-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
electronegativity
1.9
Electrophilicity Index
1,6827934805482991 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter
phase of matterSolid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point
3 538,15 K
Melting Point
1 687,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
Ранг
Gray
appearancecrystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity
thermal expansion
0,0000026 1/K
molar heat capacity
19,99 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
навъSemiconductor
electrical conductivity
0,001 MS/m
electrical resistivity
0,001 m Ω
superconductivity
magnetism
навъdiamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
-0,0000000016 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
-0,0000000000449 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
-0,00000373
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
сохт
Crystal StructureTetrahedral Packing (DIA)
lattice constant
5,43 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness
6,5 MPa
bulk modulus
100 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus
47 GPa
Poisson's ratio
speed of sound
2 200 m/s
classification
CategoryMetalloids, Metalloids
CAS GroupIVB
IUPAC GroupIVA
Glawe Number85
Mendeleev Number88
Pettifor Number85
Geochemical Classmajor
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile

other

Gas Basicity
814,1 kJ/mol
polarizability
37,3 ± 0,7 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
305 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section
0,166
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,0002
ададҳои квантӣ3P0
space group227 (Fd_3m)

Isotopes of Silicon

Stable Isotopes3
Unstable Isotopes21
Natural Isotopes3
Isotopic Composition2892.25%2892.25%294.67%294.67%303.07%303.07%

22Si

Адади массавӣ22
neutron number8
relative atomic mass
22,036114 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
28,7 ± 1,1 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
таърихи кашф1987
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)62%
2p (2-proton emission)0.7%

23Si

Адади массавӣ23
neutron number9
relative atomic mass
23,025711 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
42,3 ± 0,4 ms
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф1986
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)88%
2p (2-proton emission)3.6%

24Si

Адади массавӣ24
neutron number10
relative atomic mass
24,01153543 ± 0,000020904 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
143,2 ± 2,1 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
таърихи кашф1979
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)34.5%

25Si

Адади массавӣ25
neutron number11
relative atomic mass
25,004108798 ± 0,000010735 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
220,6 ± 1 ms
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф1963
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)35%

26Si

Адади массавӣ26
neutron number12
relative atomic mass
25,992333818 ± 0,000000115 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
2,2453 ± 0,0007 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
таърихи кашф1960
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

27Si

Адади массавӣ27
neutron number13
relative atomic mass
26,986704687 ± 0,000000115 Da
g-factor
0,34608 ± 0,00012
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
4,117 ± 0,014 s
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,063 ± 0,014
таърихи кашф1939
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

28Si

Адади массавӣ28
neutron number14
relative atomic mass
27,97692653442 ± 0,00000000055 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
92,2545 ± 0,0037
radioactivitystable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
таърихи кашф1920
parity+

29Si

Адади массавӣ29
neutron number15
relative atomic mass
28,97649466434 ± 0,0000000006 Da
g-factor
-1,110104 ± 0,000006
natural abundance
4,672 ± 0,016
radioactivitystable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
таърихи кашф1920
parity+

30Si

Адади массавӣ30
neutron number16
relative atomic mass
29,973770137 ± 0,000000023 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
3,0735 ± 0,0021
radioactivitystable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
таърихи кашф1924
parity+

31Si

Адади массавӣ31
neutron number17
relative atomic mass
30,975363196 ± 0,000000046 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
157,16 ± 0,2 m
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф1934
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

32Si

Адади массавӣ32
neutron number18
relative atomic mass
31,974151538 ± 0,00000032 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
157 ± 7 y
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
таърихи кашф1953
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

33Si

Адади массавӣ33
neutron number19
relative atomic mass
32,977976964 ± 0,00000075 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
6,18 ± 0,18 s
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф1971
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

34Si

Адади массавӣ34
neutron number20
relative atomic mass
33,978538045 ± 0,00000086 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
2,77 ± 0,2 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
таърихи кашф1971
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

35Si

Адади массавӣ35
neutron number21
relative atomic mass
34,984550111 ± 0,000038494 Da
g-factor
0,46828571428571 ± 0,0011428571428571
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
780 ± 120 ms
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф1971
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)5%

36Si

Адади массавӣ36
neutron number22
relative atomic mass
35,986649271 ± 0,000077077 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
503 ± 2 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
таърихи кашф1971
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)12%

37Si

Адади массавӣ37
neutron number23
relative atomic mass
36,992945191 ± 0,000122179 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
141 ± 3,5 ms
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф1979
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)17%
2n (2-neutron emission)

38Si

Адади массавӣ38
neutron number24
relative atomic mass
37,995523 ± 0,0001125 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
63 ± 8 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
таърихи кашф1979
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)25%

39Si

Адади массавӣ39
neutron number25
relative atomic mass
39,002491 ± 0,0001455 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
41,2 ± 4,1 ms
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф1979
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)33%
2n (2-neutron emission)

40Si

Адади массавӣ40
neutron number26
relative atomic mass
40,006083641 ± 0,000130962 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
31,2 ± 2,6 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
таърихи кашф1989
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)38%
2n (2-neutron emission)

41Si

Адади массавӣ41
neutron number27
relative atomic mass
41,014171 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
20 ± 2,5 ms
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф1989
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)55%
2n (2-neutron emission)

42Si

Адади массавӣ42
neutron number28
relative atomic mass
42,018078 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
12,5 ± 3,5 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
таърихи кашф1990
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

43Si

Адади массавӣ43
neutron number29
relative atomic mass
43,026119 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф2002
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

44Si

Адади массавӣ44
neutron number30
relative atomic mass
44,031466 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
таърихи кашф2007
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

45Si

Адади массавӣ45
neutron number31
relative atomic mass
45,039818 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)
SiliconCroda
Silicon-unit-cell-3D-balls

таърих

кошифJöns Berzelius
макони кашфSweden
таърихи кашф1824
РешашиносӣLatin: silex, silicus, (flint).
pronunciationSIL-i-ken (Англисӣ)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
282 000 mg/kg
natural abundance (Уқёнус)
2,2 mg/L
natural abundance (human body)
0,026 %
natural abundance (meteoroid)
14 %
natural abundance (Офтоб)
0,09 %
Abundance in Universe
0,07 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.4255
2p4.055
2s4.98
3p9.7148
3s9.0968