Atomic Number | 62 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 150.36 |
Mass Number | 152 |
Group | |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | f |
Protons | 62 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 90 n0 |
Electrons | 62 e- |
Atomic Radius | |
---|---|
Molar Volume | |
Covalent Radius | |
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | |
Crystal Radius | |
Van der Waals Radius | |
Density |
Energy | |
---|---|
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | |
Ionization Energy | |
Heat of Vaporization | |
Heat of Fusion | |
Heat of Formation | |
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 ⓘ |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f6 6s2ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 4f6 6s2 |
Oxidation States | 0, 1, 2, 3 |
Electronegativity |
1.17
|
Electrophilicity Index | |
States of Matter | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | |
Melting Point | |
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Samarium is a Silver. Sm has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #8fffc7, and MOLCAS GV of #8fffc7. The Appearance of Element 62 is silvery white. | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery white |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | |
Molar Heat Capacity | |
Specific Heat Capacity | |
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | |
Electrical Resistivity | |
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.000000111 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.00000001669 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.00081618
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Samarium is RHL. The lattice constant of Sm is 9 Å. The lattice angles of Element 62 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3. | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Trigonal (RHL) |
Lattice Constant | |
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Samarium has a Brinell of 441 MPa, and Vickers of 412 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Sm is 38 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 62 is 20 GPa. The Young Modulus of Samarium (Sm) is 50 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Samarium is 0.27. The Speed of Sound of Sm is 2130 m/s. | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | |
Shear Modulus | |
Young's Modulus | |
Poisson Ratio | 0.27
|
Speed of Sound | |
Classification | |
The Glawe Number of Samarium is 27. The Mendeleev Number of Sm is 23. The Pettifor Number of Element 62 is 28. The Geochemical Class of Samarium (Sm) is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Samarium is litophile. | |
Category | Lanthanides, Lanthanides |
CAS Group | |
IUPAC Group | |
Glawe Number | 27 |
Mendeleev Number | 23 |
Pettifor Number | 28 |
Geochemical Class | rare earth & related |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
The Dipole Polarizability of Samarium is 192 plus or minus 20 a₀. Sm has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 3130 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 62 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Samarium (Sm) is 5900. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Samarium is 4.7. The Quantum Numbers of Sm is 7F0. The Space Group of Element 62 is 166 (R_3m).
Gas Basicity | |
---|---|
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 5,900
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 4.7
|
Quantum Numbers | 7F0 |
Space Group | 166 (R_3m) |
Stable Isotopes | 2 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 39 |
Natural Isotopes | 7 |
Mass Number | 128 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 66 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) |
Mass Number | 129 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 67 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 550 ± 100 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) |
Mass Number | 130 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 68 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 131 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 69 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.2 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) |
Mass Number | 132 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 70 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 4 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1989 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) |
Mass Number | 133 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 71 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 2.89 ± 0.16 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) |
Mass Number | 134 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 72 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 9.5 ± 0.8 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 135 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 73 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 10.3 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.02% |
Mass Number | 136 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 74 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 47 ± 2 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 137 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 75 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 45 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 138 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 76 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 3.1 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 139 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 77 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -1.06 ± 0.04
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 2.57 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 140 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 78 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 14.82 ± 0.12 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 141 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 79 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -1.48 ± 0.04
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 10.2 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 142 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 80 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 72.49 ± 0.05 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1959 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
e+ (positron emission) | 5% |
Mass Number | 143 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 81 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.67333333333333 ± 0.013333333333333
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 8.75 ± 0.06 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.4 ± 0.2
|
Discovery Year | 1956 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
e+ (positron emission) | 40% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 60% |
Mass Number | 144 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 82 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 3.08 ± 0.04
|
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1933 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β+ (double β+ decay) |
Mass Number | 145 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 83 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.32 ± 0.0031428571428571
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 340 ± 3 d
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.6 ± 0.07
|
Discovery Year | 1947 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Mass Number | 146 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 84 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 68 ± 7 My
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1953 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 147 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 85 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.23114285714286 ± 0.0004
|
Abundance | 15 ± 0.14
|
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 106.6 ± 0.5 Gy
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.26 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1933 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 148 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 86 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 11.25 ± 0.09
|
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 6.3 ± 1.3 Py
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1933 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Mass Number | 149 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 87 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.19077142857143 ± 0.00031428571428571
|
Abundance | 13.82 ± 0.1
|
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.075 ± 0.008
|
Discovery Year | 1933 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) |
Mass Number | 150 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 88 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 7.37 ± 0.09
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | + |
Mass Number | 151 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 89 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.1442 ± 0.00024
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 94.6 ± 0.6 y
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.71 ± 0.07
|
Discovery Year | 1947 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 152 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 90 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 26.74 ± 0.09
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1933 |
Parity | + |
Mass Number | 153 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 91 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.014 ± 0.002
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 46.2846 ± 0.0023 h
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.3 ± 0.12
|
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 154 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 92 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 22.74 ± 0.14
|
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1933 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) |
Mass Number | 155 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 93 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 22.18 ± 0.06 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.13 ± 0.13
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 156 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 94 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 9.4 ± 0.2 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 157 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 95 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 8.03 ± 0.07 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 158 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 96 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 5.3 ± 0.03 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 159 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 97 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 11.37 ± 0.15 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 160 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 98 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 9.6 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 161 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 99 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 4.8 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1998 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 162 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 100 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 2.7 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2005 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 163 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 101 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.3 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 164 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 102 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.43 ± 0.24 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 165 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 103 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 980 ± 210 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 166 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 104 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 800 ± 630 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2017 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 167 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 105 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 168 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 106 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
In 1853, Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac discovered samarium when he found lines in mineral spectra. Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran isolated a samarium salt in Paris in 1879 from the mineral samarskite and identified a new element in it via sharp optical absorption lines. The pure element was produced only in 1901 by Eugène-Anatole Demarçay. From samarskite, a mineral named after Russian mine official, Col. Samarski
Discoverers | Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
---|---|
Discovery Location | France |
Discovery Year | 1879 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Named after the mineral samarskite. |
Pronunciation | seh-MER-i-em (English) |
Found with other rare earths in monazite sand. The sand is often 50% rare earths by weight and 2.8% samarium.
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | |
Natural Abundance (Oceans) | |
Natural Abundance (Human Body) | |
Natural Abundance (Meteor) | 0.000017 %
|
Natural Abundance (Sun) | 0.0000001 %
|
Abundance in Universe | 0.0000005 %
|
1 | s | 1.2217 |
2 | p | 4.269 |
2 | s | 16.2652 |
3 | d | 13.7711 |
3 | p | 19.5815 |
3 | s | 19.9736 |
4 | d | 33.7604 |
4 | f | 38.4684 |
4 | p | 30.912 |
4 | s | 29.7076 |
5 | p | 45.719 |
5 | s | 43.751 |
6 | s | 53.9882 |