-- (Zn)

chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30

Atomic Number	30
Atomic Weight	65.38
mass number	64

Group	12
Period	4
Block	d

Протон	30 p⁺
Нейтрон	34 n⁰
Электрон	30 e^-

Physical Property

Атомдук Радиус	135 pm 222 pm
molar volume	9,2 cm³/mol
covalent radius	118 pm 120 pm 132 pm 122 pm
Metallic Radius	121 pm 134 pm
ionic radius	60 pm 68 pm 74 pm 90 pm
Crystal Radius	74 pm 82 pm 88 pm 104 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm 201 pm 229 pm 276,3 pm
density	7,134 g/cm³ 6 570 kg/m³

Chemical Property

энергия

proton affinity	608,6 kJ/mol
electron affinity
ionization energy	9,394199 eV/particle 17,96439 eV/particle 39,723 eV/particle 59,573 eV/particle 82,6 eV/particle 108 eV/particle 134 eV/particle 173,9 eV/particle 203 eV/particle 238 eV/particle 274,4 eV/particle 310,8 eV/particle 417,6 eV/particle 453,37 eV/particle 490,63 eV/particle 540 eV/particle 577,8 eV/particle 613,3 eV/particle 697,51 eV/particle 737,366 eV/particle 1 846,8 eV/particle 1 961 eV/particle 2 085 eV/particle 2 214 eV/particle 2 358 eV/particle 2 491,5 eV/particle 2 669,9 eV/particle 2 781,996 eV/particle 11 864,9394 eV/particle 12 388,928 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	114,8 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	7,28 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	130,4 kJ/mol
Электрон

electron shell	2, 8, 18, 2

valence electron	2 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s²

oxidation number	-2, 0, 1, 2
electronegativity	9,395 eV/particle 0.1551518 1.65
Electrophilicity Index
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	1 180,15 K
Melting Point	692,677 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
Түс –	Slate Gray #a52a2a #7d80b0 #7d80b0
appearance	silver-gray
refractive index	1,00205
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	116 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0,0000302 1/K
molar heat capacity	25,39 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,388 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	17 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0,00000005900000000001 Ω*m
superconductivity	0,85 K
Магнетизм
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,00000000221 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,000000000145 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,0000158
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
түзүм
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
lattice constant	2,66 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness	412 MPa 2,5 MPa
bulk modulus	70 GPa
shear modulus	43 GPa
Young's modulus	108 GPa
Poisson's ratio	0,25
speed of sound	3 700 m/s
classification
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	IIB
IUPAC Group	IIB
Glawe Number	74
Mendeleev Number	77
Pettifor Number	76
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Литофиль элементтери	chalcophile

other

Gas Basicity	586 kJ/mol
polarizability	38,67 ± 0,3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	284 a₀ 276 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	1,1
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,00055
Кванттык сандар	1S0
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Zinc

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	30
Natural Isotopes	5

⁵⁴Zn

mass number	54
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	53,993879 ± 0,000232 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	1,8 ± 0,5 ms
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	2005
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2p (2-proton emission)	87%

⁵⁵Zn

mass number	55
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	54,984681 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	19,8 ± 1,3 ms
Спин	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2001
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	91%

⁵⁶Zn

mass number	56
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	55,972743 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	32,4 ± 0,7 ms
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	2001
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	88%

⁵⁷Zn

mass number	57
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	56,965056 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	45,7 ± 0,6 ms
Спин	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	87%

⁵⁸Zn

mass number	58
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	57,954590296 ± 0,000053678 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	86 ± 1,9 ms
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1986
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.7%

⁵⁹Zn

mass number	59
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	58,949311886 ± 0,000000814 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	178,7 ± 1,3 ms
Спин	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1981
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.1%

⁶⁰Zn

mass number	60
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	59,941841317 ± 0,000000588 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	2,38 ± 0,05 m
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1955
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶¹Zn

mass number	61
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	60,939506964 ± 0,000017068 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	89,1 ± 0,2 s
Спин	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1955
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶²Zn

mass number	62
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	61,934333359 ± 0,00000066 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	9,193 ± 0,015 h
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1948
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶³Zn

mass number	63
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	62,93321114 ± 0,000001674 Da
g-factor	-0,18762 ± 0,000033333333333333
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	38,47 ± 0,05 m
Спин	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,2 ± 0,02
time of discovery or invention	1937
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁴Zn

mass number	64
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	63,929141776 ± 0,00000069 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	49,17 ± 0,75
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1922
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

⁶⁵Zn

mass number	65
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	64,929240534 ± 0,000000693 Da
g-factor	0,30736 ± 0,00008
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	243,94 ± 0,04 d
Спин	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,019 ± 0,002
time of discovery or invention	1939
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁶Zn

mass number	66
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	65,926033639 ± 0,000000798 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	27,73 ± 0,98
Радиоактивдүүлүк	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1922
parity	+

⁶⁷Zn

mass number	67
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	66,927127422 ± 0,00000081 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	4,04 ± 0,16
Радиоактивдүүлүк	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Спин	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,122 ± 0,01
time of discovery or invention	1928
parity	-

⁶⁸Zn

mass number	68
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	67,924844232 ± 0,000000835 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	18,45 ± 0,63
Радиоактивдүүлүк	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1922
parity	+

⁶⁹Zn

mass number	69
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	68,92655036 ± 0,000000853 Da
g-factor	1,114 ± 0,004
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	56,4 ± 0,9 m
Спин	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1937
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁰Zn

mass number	70
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	69,925319175 ± 0,000002058 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0,61 ± 0,1
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1922
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)

⁷¹Zn

mass number	71
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	70,927719578 ± 0,000002849 Da
g-factor	1,102 ± 0,002
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	2,4 ± 0,05 m
Спин	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1955
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷²Zn

mass number	72
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	71,926842806 ± 0,0000023 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	46,5 ± 0,1 h
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1951
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷³Zn

mass number	73
neutron number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	72,92958258 ± 0,000002 Da
g-factor	1,1162 ± 0,001
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	24,5 ± 0,2 s
Спин	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1972
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁴Zn

mass number	74
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	73,92940726 ± 0,0000027 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	95,6 ± 1,2 s
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1972
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁵Zn

mass number	75
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	74,932840244 ± 0,0000021 Da
g-factor	-0,22517142857143 ± 0,00025714285714286
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	10,2 ± 0,2 s
Спин	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,16 ± 0,02
time of discovery or invention	1974
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁶Zn

mass number	76
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	75,933114956 ± 0,000001562 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	5,7 ± 0,3 s
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1974
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁷Zn

mass number	77
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	76,936887197 ± 0,000002117 Da
g-factor	-0,25905714285714 ± 0,000028571428571429
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	2,08 ± 0,05 s
Спин	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,48 ± 0,04
time of discovery or invention	1977
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁸Zn

mass number	78
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	77,938289204 ± 0,000002086 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	1,47 ± 0,15 s
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1977
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷⁹Zn

mass number	79
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	78,942638067 ± 0,000002388 Da
g-factor	-0,26348888888889 ± 0,00022222222222222
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	746 ± 42 ms
Спин	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,4 ± 0,04
time of discovery or invention	1981
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.7%

⁸⁰Zn

mass number	80
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	79,944552929 ± 0,000002774 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	562,2 ± 3 ms
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1981
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.36%

⁸¹Zn

mass number	81
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	80,950402617 ± 0,0000054 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	299,4 ± 2,1 ms
Спин	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1991
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	23%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸²Zn

mass number	82
neutron number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	81,954574097 ± 0,0000033 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	177,9 ± 2,5 ms
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1997
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	69%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸³Zn

mass number	83
neutron number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	82,961041 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	100 ± 3 ms
Спин	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1997
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	71%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁴Zn

mass number	84
neutron number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	83,965829 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life	54 ± 8 ms
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	2010
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	73%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁵Zn

mass number	85
neutron number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	84,973054 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2010
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁶Zn

mass number	86
neutron number	56
Relative Atomic Mass	85,978463 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк	☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

тарых

discoverer or inventor	Known to the ancients.
location of discovery
time of discovery or invention
Этимология	German: zink (German for tin).
pronunciation	ZINK (англисче)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	70 mg/kg
natural abundance (Океан)	0,0049 mg/L
natural abundance (human body)	0,0033 %
natural abundance (meteoroid)	0,018 %
natural abundance (Күн)	0,0002 %
Abundance in Universe	0,00003 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6755
2	p	3.902
2	s	8.172
3	d	16.1217
3	p	14.6307
3	s	13.7808
4	s	24.0348

-- on ChemicalAid

AEDA subject keyword ID	17580
AGROVOC ID	c_8517
Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300011037
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3601
BNCF Thesaurus ID	26599
Biblioteca Nacional de España ID	XX529698
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	119731249
Biology Online Biology Dictionary entry	zinc
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	zink-20
CAS Registry Number	7440-66-6
ChEBI ID	30185
ChemSpider ID	22430
CosIng number	86562
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID004384
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID7035012
DeCS ID	15427
Den Store Danske ID	zink
Dizionario di Medicina ID	zinco
DrugBank ID	01593
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.341
Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID	190459
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/zinc
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	zinc
EuroVoc ID	4783
Freebase ID	/m/025sqz8
French Vikidia ID	Zinc
GEMET ID	9412
GND ID	4137453-8
Giant Bomb ID	3055-6961
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0152097
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	4677532
Grove Art Online ID	T093545
HCIS ID	4735
HCIS ID	4736
HSDB ID	1344
ICSC ID	1205
InChI	InChI=1S/Zn
InChIKey	HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Zinc
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/TSINK.html
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	153775
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85149842
MeSH descriptor ID	D015032
NALT ID	33438
NDF-RT ID	N0000146033
NDL Authority ID	00560063
NKCR AUT ID	ph137237
Namuwiki ID	아연
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007534131805171
Nomisma ID	zn
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	4193
Online PWN Encyclopedia ID	3888761
OpenAlex ID	C2984449711
OpenAlex ID	C535196362
PACTOLS thesaurus ID	pcrtAhu8O29Xb2
PSH ID	5788
Probes And Drugs ID	PD009462
PubChem CID	23994
Quora topic ID	Zinc-5
RKD thesaurus ID	37108
RxNorm ID	11416
Römpp online ID	RD-26-00339
STW Thesaurus for Economics ID	14309-0
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1000931
Spanish Vikidia ID	Zinc
Store medisinske leksikon ID	sink
Store medisinske leksikon ID	sink_-_ernæring
Store norske leksikon ID	sink
Treccani ID	zinco
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/19146
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	95371
UMLS CUI	C0043481
UNII	J41CSQ7QDS
USGS Thesaurus ID	1618
WikiSkripta ID	12114
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Zinc"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14686156-n
YSO ID	15062
ZVG number	8250
ZVG number	500052
Zhihu topic ID	19653740

-- (Zn)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Zinc

54Zn

55Zn

56Zn

57Zn

58Zn

59Zn

60Zn

61Zn

62Zn

63Zn

64Zn

65Zn

66Zn

67Zn

68Zn

69Zn

70Zn

71Zn

72Zn

73Zn

74Zn

75Zn

76Zn

77Zn

78Zn

79Zn

80Zn

81Zn

82Zn

83Zn

84Zn

85Zn

86Zn

тарых

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁵⁴Zn

⁵⁵Zn

⁵⁶Zn

⁵⁷Zn

⁵⁸Zn

⁵⁹Zn

⁶⁰Zn

⁶¹Zn

⁶²Zn

⁶³Zn

⁶⁴Zn

⁶⁵Zn

⁶⁶Zn

⁶⁷Zn

⁶⁸Zn

⁶⁹Zn

⁷⁰Zn

⁷¹Zn

⁷²Zn

⁷³Zn

⁷⁴Zn

⁷⁵Zn

⁷⁶Zn

⁷⁷Zn

⁷⁸Zn

⁷⁹Zn

⁸⁰Zn

⁸¹Zn

⁸²Zn

⁸³Zn

⁸⁴Zn

⁸⁵Zn

⁸⁶Zn