Hrom (Cr)

hemijski element sa simbolom Cr i atomskim brojem 24

Atomic Number	24
Atomic Weight	51.9961
Maseni broj	52

Group	6
Period	4
Block	d

Proton	24 p⁺
Neutron	28 n⁰
Elektron	24 e^-

Animated Bohrov model atoma of Cr (Hrom)

Physical Property

Atomski Radijus	140 pm 233 pm
Molarni volumen	7,23 cm³/mol
covalent radius	122 pm 111 pm 103 pm 140 pm 139 pm
Metallic Radius	119 pm 128 pm
Ionski radijus	73 pm 80 pm 61,5 pm 41 pm 55 pm 34,5 pm 49 pm 57 pm 26 pm 44 pm
Crystal Radius	87 pm 94 pm 75,5 pm 55 pm 69 pm 48,5 pm 63 pm 71 pm 40 pm 58 pm
Van der Waalsov radijus	205 pm 206 pm 225 pm 302,3 pm
gustoća	7,15 g/cm³ 6.300 kg/m³

Chemical Property

energija

proton affinity	791,3 kJ/mol
electron affinity	0,666 eV/particle
ionization energy	6,76651 eV/particle 16,486305 eV/particle 30,96 eV/particle 49,16 eV/particle 69,46 eV/particle 90,635 eV/particle 160,29 eV/particle 184,76 eV/particle 209,54 eV/particle 244,52 eV/particle 270,8 eV/particle 296,74 eV/particle 354,66 eV/particle 384,163 eV/particle 1.011,62 eV/particle 1.097,2 eV/particle 1.188 eV/particle 1.294,8 eV/particle 1.394,5 eV/particle 1.495,1 eV/particle 1.634 eV/particle 1.721,183 eV/particle 7.481,8625 eV/particle 7.894,799 eV/particle

Toplota isparavanja	342 kJ/mol
toplota topljenja	21 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	397,48 kJ/mol
Elektron

electron shell	2, 8, 13, 1

Valentni elektron	1 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁵ 4s¹

oksidacijsko stanje	-4, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Elektronegativnost	9,77 eV/particle 0.1313053 1.66
Electrophilicity Index	1,1319177597467263 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

agregatno stanje	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	2.944,15 K
Melting Point	2.180,15 K
critical pressure
Kritična temperatura
Trojna tačka
appearance
boja	Silver #808090 #8a99c7 #8a99c7
appearance	silvery metallic
Indeks prelamanja
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	93,9 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0,0000049 1/K
molar heat capacity	23,35 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,449 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Specifična električna provodljivost	7,9 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0,00000013 Ω*m
Superprovodljivost
Magnetizam
type	antiferromagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0,0000000445 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0,000000002314 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0,0003177
magnetic ordering
Kirijeva tačka
Néel temperature	393 K
struktura
Crystal Structure	Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
lattice constant	2,88 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
Tvrdoća	1.120 MPa 8,5 MPa 1.060 MPa
bulk modulus	160 GPa
shear modulus	115 GPa
Young's modulus	279 GPa
Poisson's ratio	0,21
Brzina zvuka	5.940 m/s
klasifikacija
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIA
IUPAC Group	VIB
Glawe Number	55
Mendeleev Number	51
Pettifor Number	57
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity	768,4 kJ/mol
polarizability	83 ± 12 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	602 a₀ 709 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	3,1
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0021
Kvantni brojevi	7S3
space group	229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Chromium

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	27
Natural Isotopes	4

⁴¹Cr

Maseni broj	41
broj neutrona	17
Relative Atomic Mass	41,021911 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁴²Cr

Maseni broj	42
broj neutrona	18
Relative Atomic Mass	42,007579 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	13,3 ± 1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1996
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	94.4%
2p (2-proton emission)

⁴³Cr

Maseni broj	43
broj neutrona	19
Relative Atomic Mass	42,997885 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	21,1 ± 0,3 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1992
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	79.3%
2p (2-proton emission)	11.6%
3p	0.13%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)

⁴⁴Cr

Maseni broj	44
broj neutrona	20
Relative Atomic Mass	43,985591 ± 0,000055 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	42,8 ± 0,6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	12%

⁴⁵Cr

Maseni broj	45
broj neutrona	21
Relative Atomic Mass	44,97905 ± 0,000038 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	60,9 ± 0,4 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1974
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	34.4%

⁴⁶Cr

Maseni broj	46
broj neutrona	22
Relative Atomic Mass	45,968360969 ± 0,000012295 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	224,3 ± 1,3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1972
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴⁷Cr

Maseni broj	47
broj neutrona	23
Relative Atomic Mass	46,962894995 ± 0,000005578 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	461,6 ± 1,5 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1972
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴⁸Cr

Maseni broj	48
broj neutrona	24
Relative Atomic Mass	47,954029431 ± 0,000007848 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	21,56 ± 0,03 h
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1952
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴⁹Cr

Maseni broj	49
broj neutrona	25
Relative Atomic Mass	48,95133372 ± 0,000002363 Da
g-factor	0,1904 ± 0,0012
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	42,3 ± 0,1 m
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1942
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁰Cr

Maseni broj	50
broj neutrona	26
Relative Atomic Mass	49,946042209 ± 0,0000001 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	4,345 ± 0,013
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1930
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

⁵¹Cr

Maseni broj	51
broj neutrona	27
Relative Atomic Mass	50,944765388 ± 0,000000178 Da
g-factor	0,26685714285714 ± 0,0014285714285714
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	27,7015 ± 0,0011 d
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1940
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁵²Cr

Maseni broj	52
broj neutrona	28
Relative Atomic Mass	51,940504714 ± 0,00000012 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	83,789 ± 0,018
Radioaktivnost	stable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspada	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1923
parity	+

⁵³Cr

Maseni broj	53
broj neutrona	29
Relative Atomic Mass	52,940646304 ± 0,000000124 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	9,501 ± 0,017
Radioaktivnost	stable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspada	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,15 ± 0,05
datum otkrića	1930
parity	-

⁵⁴Cr

Maseni broj	54
broj neutrona	30
Relative Atomic Mass	53,938877359 ± 0,000000142 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	2,365 ± 0,007
Radioaktivnost	stable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspada	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1930
parity	+

⁵⁵Cr

Maseni broj	55
broj neutrona	31
Relative Atomic Mass	54,940836637 ± 0,000000245 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	3,497 ± 0,003 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1952
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵⁶Cr

Maseni broj	56
broj neutrona	32
Relative Atomic Mass	55,940648977 ± 0,00000062 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	5,94 ± 0,1 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1960
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵⁷Cr

Maseni broj	57
broj neutrona	33
Relative Atomic Mass	56,943612112 ± 0,000002 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	21,1 ± 1 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1978
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵⁸Cr

Maseni broj	58
broj neutrona	34
Relative Atomic Mass	57,944184501 ± 0,0000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	7 ± 0,3 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1980
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵⁹Cr

Maseni broj	59
broj neutrona	35
Relative Atomic Mass	58,948345426 ± 0,00000072 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	1.050 ± 90 ms
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1980
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁰Cr

Maseni broj	60
broj neutrona	36
Relative Atomic Mass	59,949641656 ± 0,0000012 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	490 ± 10 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1980
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁶¹Cr

Maseni broj	61
broj neutrona	37
Relative Atomic Mass	60,95437813 ± 0,000002 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	243 ± 9 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1985
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁶²Cr

Maseni broj	62
broj neutrona	38
Relative Atomic Mass	61,95614292 ± 0,0000037 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	206 ± 12 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1985
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁶³Cr

Maseni broj	63
broj neutrona	39
Relative Atomic Mass	62,961161 ± 0,000078 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	129 ± 2 ms
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1992
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁶⁴Cr

Maseni broj	64
broj neutrona	40
Relative Atomic Mass	63,963886 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	43 ± 1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1992
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁶⁵Cr

Maseni broj	65
broj neutrona	41
Relative Atomic Mass	64,969608 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	27,5 ± 2,1 ms
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1997
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶⁶Cr

Maseni broj	66
broj neutrona	42
Relative Atomic Mass	65,973011 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	23,8 ± 1,8 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1997
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶⁷Cr

Maseni broj	67
broj neutrona	43
Relative Atomic Mass	66,979313 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1997
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶⁸Cr

Maseni broj	68
broj neutrona	44
Relative Atomic Mass	67,983156 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	2009
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶⁹Cr

Maseni broj	69
broj neutrona	45
Relative Atomic Mass	68,989662 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	2013
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁰Cr

Maseni broj	70
broj neutrona	46
Relative Atomic Mass	69,993945 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	2013
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

historija

otkrivač ili izumitelj	Louis Vauquelin
mjesto otkrića	France
datum otkrića	1797
Etimologija	Greek: chrôma (color).
pronunciation	KROH-mi-em (engleski)

izvor

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	102 mg/kg
natural abundance (okean)	0,0003 mg/L
natural abundance (ljudsko tijelo)	0,000003 %
natural abundance (Meteoroidi)	0,3 %
natural abundance (Sunce)	0,002 %
Abundance in Universe	0,0015 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.5862
2	p	3.9248
2	s	7.0162
3	d	14.2434
3	p	12.534
3	s	11.6322
4	s	18.8668

Hrom on ChemicalAid

AAT identifikator	300011019
ASC Leiden Thesaurus ID	294904409
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3730
BNCF pojmovnik	22189
BNF kod	12104829h
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	chrom
CAS broj	7440-47-3
Canadian Encyclopedia article ID	chromium
ChEBI ID	28073
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID1011022
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID3031022
Drugbank ID	11136
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.324
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	204079
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/chromium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	chrome
Europeana Fashion Vocabulary ID	10554
French Vikidia ID	Chrome
GND	4147944-0
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	4671100
Grove Art Online ID	T017513
HSDB ID	910
ICSC ID	0029
ID Quora teme	Chromium-element
ID na KBpediji	Chromium
IEDB Epitope ID	114071
InChIKey	VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChl	InChI=1S/Cr
KEGG ID	C06268
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/HROM.html
LCCN	sh85025350
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	145861
MeSH ID	D002857
Mindat mineral ID	1037
NDF-RT ID	N0000146088
NE.se ID	cr-(krom)
NKC identifikator	ph119207
Namuwiki ID	크로뮴
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007286324805171
OmegaWiki određeno značenje	585
OpenAlex ID	C511782168
OpenAlex ID	C2909514155
PSH ID	5768
Pixiv Encyclopedia ID	クロム
Probes And Drugs ID	PD061009
PubChem ID (CID)	23976
RKD thesaurus ID	92666
RxNorm ID	2496
STW Thesaurus for Economics ID	14295-6
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1000922
Spanish Vikidia ID	Cromo
Store norske leksikon ID	krom
Treccani ID	cromo
U.S. National Archives Identifier	10646811
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/7866
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	9168
UNII	0R0008Q3JB
USGS Thesaurus ID	1429
Web NDL autoriteti	00567040
WikiSkripta ID	12126
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Chromium"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14659270-n
YSO ID	20200
ZVG broj	8190
broj na Freebaseu	/m/025tkr6

Hrom (Cr)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Chromium

41Cr

42Cr

43Cr

44Cr

45Cr

46Cr

47Cr

48Cr

49Cr

50Cr

51Cr

52Cr

53Cr

54Cr

55Cr

56Cr

57Cr

58Cr

59Cr

60Cr

61Cr

62Cr

63Cr

64Cr

65Cr

66Cr

67Cr

68Cr

69Cr

70Cr

historija

izvor

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁴¹Cr

⁴²Cr

⁴³Cr

⁴⁴Cr

⁴⁵Cr

⁴⁶Cr

⁴⁷Cr

⁴⁸Cr

⁴⁹Cr

⁵⁰Cr

⁵¹Cr

⁵²Cr

⁵³Cr

⁵⁴Cr

⁵⁵Cr

⁵⁶Cr

⁵⁷Cr

⁵⁸Cr

⁵⁹Cr

⁶⁰Cr

⁶¹Cr

⁶²Cr

⁶³Cr

⁶⁴Cr

⁶⁵Cr

⁶⁶Cr

⁶⁷Cr

⁶⁸Cr

⁶⁹Cr

⁷⁰Cr