Atomic Number | 13 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 26.9815385 |
Mass Number | 27 |
Group | 13 |
---|---|
Period | 3 |
Block | p |
Protons | 13 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 14 n0 |
Electrons | 13 e- |
Atomic Radius | 125 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 10 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 126 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 125 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 39 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 53 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 184 pm
|
Density | 2.7 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.43283 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 5.9857684 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 284.1 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 10.75 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 330.9 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 3 |
Valence Electrons | 3 |
Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p1 |
Oxidation States | -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 |
Electronegativity | 1.61
|
Electrophilicity | 0.9274010094475963 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 2,792.15 K
|
Melting Point | 933.473 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | 6,700.15 K
|
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery gray metallic |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 237 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000231 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 24.2 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.897 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 38 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.000000026 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | 1.175 K
|
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.0000000078 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.00000000021 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0000211
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic (FCC) |
Lattice Constant | 4.05 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | 2.75 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 76 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 26 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 70 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.35
|
Speed of Sound | 5,100 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Post-transition metals, Poor metals |
CAS Group | IIIB |
IUPAC Group | IIIA |
Glawe Number | 78 |
Mendeleev Number | 82 |
Pettifor Number | 80 |
Geochemical Class | major |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | 528 a₀
|
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 0.233
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.03
|
Quantum Numbers | 2P1/2 |
Space Group | 225 (Fm_3m) |
Stable Isotopes | 1 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 22 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 21 |
Abundance | |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 21 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 22 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 91.1 ± 0.5 ms
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 55% |
2p (2-proton emission) | 1.1% |
β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | 0.038% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 23 |
G-Factor | 1.556 ± 0.008
|
Half Life | 446 ± 6 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 1.22% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 24 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.053 ± 0.004 s
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1953 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | 0.035% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.0016% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 25 |
G-Factor | 1.45788 ± 0.00048
|
Half Life | 7.1666 ± 0.0023 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.24 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1953 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 26 |
G-Factor | 0.5606 ± 0.0008
|
Half Life | 717 ± 24 ky
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.26 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | 100
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 27 |
G-Factor | 1.45628 ± 0.000008
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.1466 ± 0.001
|
Discovery Year | 1922 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 28 |
G-Factor | 1.0803333333333 ± 0.0016666666666667
|
Half Life | 2.245 ± 0.005 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.172 ± 0.012
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 29 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6.56 ± 0.06 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1939 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 30 |
G-Factor | 1.004 ± 0.0023333333333333
|
Half Life | 3.62 ± 0.06 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 31 |
G-Factor | 1.5328 ± 0.002
|
Half Life | 644 ± 25 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.134 ± 0.002
|
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 1.6% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 32 |
G-Factor | 1.953 ± 0.002
|
Half Life | 32.6 ± 0.5 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.0255 ± 0.0003
|
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.7% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 33 |
G-Factor | 1.636 ± 0.002
|
Half Life | 41.46 ± 0.09 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.141 ± 0.003
|
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 8.5% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 34 |
G-Factor | 0.53925 ± 0.004
|
Half Life | 53.73 ± 0.13 ms
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 26% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 35 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 38.16 ± 0.21 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 35.8% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 36 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 90 ± 40 ms
|
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 31% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 37 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 11.4 ± 0.3 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 52% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 1% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 38 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 9 ± 0.7 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1989 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 84% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 39 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 7.6 ± 1.6 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1989 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 97% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 40 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1996 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 41 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 42 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2007 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 43 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2007 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
In 1761, Guyton de Morveau proposed the name alumine for the base in alum, and Antoine Lavoisier, in 1787, thought this to be the oxide of a still undiscovered metal. Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum in 1808. Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to isolate metallic aluminum in 1825 in impure form. Friedrich Wöhler is generally credited with having isolated the metal in 1827. From the Latin word alumen, alum
Discoverers | Hans Christian Oersted |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Denmark |
Discovery Year | 1825 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Latin: alumen, aluminis, (alum). |
Pronunciation | ah-LOO-men-em (English) |
1 | s | 0.409 |
2 | p | 4.0366 |
2 | s | 4.7864 |
3 | p | 8.9344 |
3 | s | 8.8828 |