Aluminium

Aluminium (Al)

grundämne
Atomnummer13
Atommassa26.9815385
masstal27
Grupp13
Period3
Blockp
Protoner13 p+
Neutroner14 n0
Electrons13 e-
Animated Bohrs atommodell of Al (Aluminium)

Egenskaper

fysisk egenskap
atomradie
125 pm
molvolym
10 cm³/mol
kovalent radie
126 pm
Metallic Radius
125 pm
ionic radius
39 pm
Crystal Radius
53 pm
Van der Waalsradie
184 pm
densitet
2,7 g/cm³
energi
proton affinity
Elektronaffinitet
0,43283 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi
5,9857684 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi of Al (Aluminium)
ångbildningsvärme
284,1 kJ/mol
smältvärme
10,75 kJ/mol
Bildningsentalpi
330,9 kJ/mol
Electrons
electron shell2, 8, 3
Bohrs atommodell: Al (Aluminium)
valenselektron3
Elektronformel: Al (Aluminium)
elektronkonfiguration[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Enhanced Bohrs atommodell of Al (Aluminium)
Orbital Diagram of Al (Aluminium)
oxidationstal-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
elektronegativitet
1.61
Electrophilicity
0,9274010094475963 eV/particle
Phases
aggregationstillståndFast
Gas Phase
Kokpunkt
2 792,15 K
Smältpunkt
933,473 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
6 700,15 K
trippelpunkt
Visual
färg
Silver
appearancesilvery gray metallic
Brytningsindex
materialegenskap
Värmeledningsförmåga
237 W/(m K)
termisk expansion
0,0000231 1/K
molar heat capacity
24,2 J/(mol K)
Specifik värmekapacitet
0,897 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
elektrisk konduktivitet
38 MS/m
resistivitet
0,000000026 m Ω
supraledare
1,175 K
magnetism
typeparamagnetic
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass)
0,0000000078 m³/Kg
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar)
0,00000000021 m³/mol
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume)
0,0000211
magnetic ordering
Curiepunkten
Néel temperature
Structure
KristallstrukturYtcentrerat kubiskt (FCC)
Gitterkonstant
4,05 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, π/2
mekanisk materialegenskap
hårdhet
2,75 MPa
Kompressibilitet
76 GPa
skjuvmodul
26 GPa
Young's modulus
70 GPa
Poissons konstant
0,35
ljudhastighet
5 100 m/s
klassificering
KategoriPosttransitionsmetaller, Poor metals
CAS GroupIIIB
IUPAC GroupIIIA
Glawe Number78
Mendeleev Number82
Pettifor Number80
Geochemical Classmajor
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile
övrigt
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability
57,8 ± 1 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
528 a₀
Allotropes
Träffyta
0,233
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,03
kvanttal2P1/2
rymdgrupp225 (Fm_3m)

Aluminiumisotoper

Stabila isotoper1
Instabila isotoper22
Radioactive Isotopes21

21Al

natural abundance
relative atomic mass
21,029082 ± 0,000644 Da
masstal21
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet+
21Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
p (proton emission)%

22Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
22,01954 ± 0,00043 Da
masstal22
g-factor
Halveringstid
91,1 ± 0,5 ms
Spinn4
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1982
Paritet
22Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)55%
2p (2-proton emission)1.1%
β+α (β+-delayed α emission)0.038%

23Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
23,007244351 ± 0,00000037 Da
masstal23
g-factor
1,556 ± 0,008
Halveringstid
446 ± 6 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1969
Paritet+
23Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)1.22%

24Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
23,999947598 ± 0,000000244 Da
masstal24
g-factor
Halveringstid
2,053 ± 0,004 s
Spinn4
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1953
Paritet+
24Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+α (β+-delayed α emission)0.035%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)0.0016%

25Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
24,990428308 ± 0,000000069 Da
masstal25
g-factor
1,45788 ± 0,00048
Halveringstid
7,1666 ± 0,0023 s
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,24 ± 0,02
upptäcktsdatum1953
Paritet+
25Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

26Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
25,986891876 ± 0,000000071 Da
masstal26
g-factor
0,5606 ± 0,0008
Halveringstid
717 ± 24 ky
Spinn5
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,26 ± 0,03
upptäcktsdatum1934
Paritet+
26Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

27Al

natural abundance
100
relative atomic mass
26,981538408 ± 0,00000005 Da
masstal27
g-factor
1,45628 ± 0,000008
Halveringstid
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,1466 ± 0,001
upptäcktsdatum1922
Paritet+

28Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
27,981910009 ± 0,000000052 Da
masstal28
g-factor
1,0803333333333 ± 0,0016666666666667
Halveringstid
2,245 ± 0,005 m
Spinn3
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,172 ± 0,012
upptäcktsdatum1934
Paritet+
28Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

29Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
28,980453164 ± 0,00000037 Da
masstal29
g-factor
Halveringstid
6,56 ± 0,06 m
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1939
Paritet+
29Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

30Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
29,982969171 ± 0,000002077 Da
masstal30
g-factor
1,004 ± 0,0023333333333333
Halveringstid
3,62 ± 0,06 s
Spinn3
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1961
Paritet+
30Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

31Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
30,983949754 ± 0,0000024 Da
masstal31
g-factor
1,5328 ± 0,002
Halveringstid
644 ± 25 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,134 ± 0,002
upptäcktsdatum1971
Paritet+
31Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)1.6%

32Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
31,988084338 ± 0,0000077 Da
masstal32
g-factor
1,953 ± 0,002
Halveringstid
32,6 ± 0,5 ms
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,0255 ± 0,0003
upptäcktsdatum1971
Paritet+
32Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)0.7%

33Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
32,990877685 ± 0,0000075 Da
masstal33
g-factor
1,636 ± 0,002
Halveringstid
41,46 ± 0,09 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,141 ± 0,003
upptäcktsdatum1971
Paritet+
33Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)8.5%

34Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
33,996781924 ± 0,000002259 Da
masstal34
g-factor
0,53925 ± 0,004
Halveringstid
53,73 ± 0,13 ms
Spinn4
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1977
Paritet-
34Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)26%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

35Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
34,999759816 ± 0,0000079 Da
masstal35
g-factor
Halveringstid
38,16 ± 0,21 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1979
Paritet+
35Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)35.8%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

36Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
36,006388 ± 0,0001605 Da
masstal36
g-factor
Halveringstid
90 ± 40 ms
Spinn
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1979
Paritet
36Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)31%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

37Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
37,010531 ± 0,0001935 Da
masstal37
g-factor
Halveringstid
11,4 ± 0,3 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1979
Paritet+
37Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)52%
2n (2-neutron emission)1%

38Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
38,017681 ± 0,000161 Da
masstal38
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
9 ± 0,7 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1989
Paritet-
38Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)84%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

39Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
39,02307 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal39
g-factor
Halveringstid
7,6 ± 1,6 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1989
Paritet+
39Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)97%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

40Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
40,03094 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal40
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1996
Paritet
40Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

41Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
41,037134 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal41
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1997
Paritet+
41Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

42Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
42,045078 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal42
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2007
Paritet
42Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

43Al

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
43,05182 ± 0,000644 Da
masstal43
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2007
Paritet+
43Al Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%
Aluminium-4
Aluminium bar surface etched

historia

upptäckare eller uppfinnareHans Christian Oersted
fyndplatsDenmark
upptäcktsdatum1825
etymologiLatin: alumen, aluminis, (alum).
uttalah-LOO-men-em (engelska)

Sources

Förekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust
82 300 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans
0,002 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
0,00009 %
Abundance in Meteor
0,91 %
Abundance in Sun
0,006 %
Abundance in Universe
0,005 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.409
2p4.0366
2s4.7864
3p8.9344
3s8.8828
Aluminium on ChemicalAid