Bismuth (Bi)

Bismuth is the 83rd element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Bi and atomic number of 83. It has an atomic weight of 208.98040 and a mass number of 209. Bismuth has eighty-three protons and one hundred twenty-six neutrons in its nucleus, and eighty-three electrons in six shells. It is located in group fifteen, period six and block p of the periodic table. White crystalline metal with a pink tinge, belongs to group 15. Most diamagnetic of all metals and has the lowest thermal conductivity of all the elements except mercury. Lead-free bismuth compounds are used in cosmetics and medical procedures. Burns in the air and produces a blue flame. In 1753, C.G. Junine first demonstrated that it was different from lead.

Atomic Number	83
Atomic Weight	208.9804
Mass Number	209

Group	15
Period	6
Block	p

Protons	83 p⁺
Neutrons	126 n⁰
Electrons	83 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	160 pm 250 pm
Molar Volume	21.3 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	151 pm 141 pm 135 pm 148 pm 148 pm
Metallic Radius	151 pm 178 pm
Ionic Radius	96 pm 103 pm 117 pm 76 pm
Crystal Radius	110 pm 117 pm 131 pm 90 pm
Van der Waals Radius	230 pm 207 pm 266 pm 207 pm 437 pm
Density	9.79 g/cm³ 10,050 kg/m³
Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	0.942362 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	7.285516 eV/particle 16.703 eV/particle 25.563 eV/particle 45.37 eV/particle 54.85 eV/particle 88.4 eV/particle 103 eV/particle 122 eV/particle 143 eV/particle 161.1 eV/particle 183 eV/particle 208 eV/particle 229 eV/particle 252 eV/particle 272.6 eV/particle 370.2 eV/particle 409 eV/particle 436 eV/particle 464 eV/particle 520 eV/particle 550 eV/particle 620 eV/particle 660 eV/particle 690 eV/particle 750 eV/particle 810 eV/particle 870 eV/particle 930 eV/particle 990 eV/particle 1,060 eV/particle 1,120 eV/particle 1,180 eV/particle 1,250 eV/particle 1,310 eV/particle 1,380 eV/particle 1,440 eV/particle 1,500 eV/particle 1,784 eV/particle 1,840 eV/particle 1,902 eV/particle 1,967 eV/particle 2,029 eV/particle 2,090 eV/particle 2,190 eV/particle 2,253 eV/particle 2,321 eV/particle 2,385 eV/particle 2,641 eV/particle 2,703 eV/particle 2,771 eV/particle 2,835 eV/particle 3,078 eV/particle 3,151 eV/particle 3,329 eV/particle 3,401.8 eV/particle 5,599 eV/particle 5,740 eV/particle 5,892 eV/particle 6,054 eV/particle 6,208 eV/particle 6,358 eV/particle 6,648 eV/particle 6,804 eV/particle 6,977 eV/particle 7,137 eV/particle 7,580 eV/particle 7,720 eV/particle 7,870 eV/particle 8,010 eV/particle 8,780 eV/particle 8,950 eV/particle 9,270 eV/particle 9,430 eV/particle 20,130 eV/particle 20,500 eV/particle 20,920 eV/particle 21,300 eV/particle 24,150 eV/particle 24,640 eV/particle 25,260 eV/particle 25,656.9 eV/particle 102,251.76 eV/particle 104,132.8 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	172 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	11 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	209.6 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5

Valence Electrons	5

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³

Oxidation States	-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Electronegativity	11.9 eV/particle 0.182377 1.9
Electrophilicity	1.334075610943783 eV/particle
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	1,837.15 K
Melting Point	544.552 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature	4,620.15 K
Triple Point
Visual
Bismuth is a Gray. Bi has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #9e4fb5, and MOLCAS GV of #9e4fb5. The Appearance of Element 83 is lustrous silver.
Color	Gray #ff1493 #9e4fb5 #9e4fb5
Appearance	lustrous silver
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	7.9 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000134 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	25.52 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.122 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	0.77 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000013 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	diamagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	-0.000000017 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	-0.0000000036 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	-0.00017
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Bismuth is RHL. The lattice constant of Bi is 4.75 Å. The lattice angles of Element 83 are π/2, 1.925622, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Base Centered Monoclinic (RHL)
Lattice Constant	4.75 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, 1.925622, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Bismuth has a Brinell of 94.2 MPa, and Mohs hardness of 2.25 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Bi is 31 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 83 is 12 GPa. The Young Modulus of Bismuth (Bi) is 32 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Bismuth is 0.33. The Speed of Sound of Bi is 1790 m/s.
Hardness	94.2 MPa 2.25 MPa
Bulk Modulus	31 GPa
Shear Modulus	12 GPa
Young Modulus	32 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.33
Speed of Sound	1,790 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Bismuth is VB. The IUPAC Group of Bi is VA. The Glawe Number of Element 83 is 92. The Mendeleev Number of Bismuth (Bi) is 97. The Pettifor Number of Bismuth is 87. The Goldschmidt Class of Bi is chalcophile.
Category	Post-transition metals, Poor metals
CAS Group	VB
IUPAC Group	VA
Glawe Number	92
Mendeleev Number	97
Pettifor Number	87
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt Class	chalcophile
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Bismuth is 48 plus or minus 4 a₀. Bi has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 513 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 83 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Bismuth (Bi) is 0.034. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Bismuth is 6.0E-6. The Quantum Numbers of Bi is 4S3/2. The Space Group of Element 83 is 12 (C12/m1).
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	48 ± 4 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	513 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	0.034
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.000006
Quantum Numbers	4S3/2
Space Group	12 (C12/m1)

Isotopes of Bismuth

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	40
Radioactive Isotopes	41

¹⁸⁴Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	184.001347 ± 0.000131 Da
Mass Number	184
G-Factor
Half Life	6.6 ± 1.5 ms
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2003
Parity	+

¹⁸⁴Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

¹⁸⁵Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	184.9976 ± 0.000087 Da
Mass Number	185
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1996
Parity	-

¹⁸⁵Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	%
α (α emission)	%

¹⁸⁶Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	185.996623169 ± 0.0000182 Da
Mass Number	186
G-Factor
Half Life	14.8 ± 0.7 ms
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1997
Parity	+

¹⁸⁶Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ SF (β⁺-delayed fission)	0.011%

¹⁸⁷Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	186.993147272 ± 0.00001074 Da
Mass Number	187
G-Factor
Half Life	37 ± 2 ms
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	-

¹⁸⁷Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

¹⁸⁸Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	187.992276064 ± 0.000012001 Da
Mass Number	188
G-Factor
Half Life	60 ± 3 ms
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1980
Parity	+

¹⁸⁸Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ SF (β⁺-delayed fission)	0.0014%

¹⁸⁹Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	188.989195139 ± 0.000022384 Da
Mass Number	189
G-Factor
Half Life	688 ± 5 ms
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	-

¹⁸⁹Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹⁹⁰Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	189.988624828 ± 0.000022515 Da
Mass Number	190
G-Factor
Half Life	6.3 ± 0.1 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	+

¹⁹⁰Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	77%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	23%
β⁺ SF (β⁺-delayed fission)	6%

¹⁹¹Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	190.985786972 ± 0.000008037 Da
Mass Number	191
G-Factor
Half Life	12.4 ± 0.3 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	-

¹⁹¹Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	51%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹⁹²Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	191.985470077 ± 0.000032326 Da
Mass Number	192
G-Factor
Half Life	34.6 ± 0.9 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	+

¹⁹²Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	88%
α (α emission)	12%

¹⁹³Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	192.98294722 ± 0.000008132 Da
Mass Number	193
G-Factor
Half Life	63.6 ± 3 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	-

¹⁹³Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	96.5%
α (α emission)	3.5%

¹⁹⁴Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	193.982798581 ± 0.000005638 Da
Mass Number	194
G-Factor
Half Life	95 ± 3 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	+

¹⁹⁴Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.46%

¹⁹⁵Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	194.980648759 ± 0.000005675 Da
Mass Number	195
G-Factor
Half Life	183 ± 4 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	-

¹⁹⁵Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.03%

¹⁹⁶Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	195.980666509 ± 0.000026224 Da
Mass Number	196
G-Factor
Half Life	5.13 ± 0.2 m
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	+

¹⁹⁶Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.00115%

¹⁹⁷Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	196.978864927 ± 0.000008946 Da
Mass Number	197
G-Factor
Half Life	9.33 ± 0.5 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	-

¹⁹⁷Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	%

¹⁹⁸Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	197.979201316 ± 0.000029598 Da
Mass Number	198
G-Factor
Half Life	10.3 ± 0.3 m
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

¹⁹⁸Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁹⁹Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	198.977672841 ± 0.000011395 Da
Mass Number	199
G-Factor	1.0222222222222 ± 0.088888888888889
Half Life	27 ± 1 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

¹⁹⁹Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰⁰Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	199.97813129 ± 0.00002437 Da
Mass Number	200
G-Factor
Half Life	36.4 ± 0.5 m
Spin	7
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

²⁰⁰Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰¹Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	200.976995017 ± 0.000013072 Da
Mass Number	201
G-Factor	1.0666666666667 ± 0.066666666666667
Half Life	103 ± 3 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

²⁰¹Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰²Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	201.977723042 ± 0.000015032 Da
Mass Number	202
G-Factor	0.848 ± 0.0028
Half Life	1.72 ± 0.05 h
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

²⁰²Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	1%

²⁰³Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	202.976892077 ± 0.000013717 Da
Mass Number	203
G-Factor	0.88866666666667 ± 0.0028888888888889
Half Life	11.76 ± 0.05 h
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

²⁰³Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰⁴Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	203.977835687 ± 0.000009854 Da
Mass Number	204
G-Factor	0.717 ± 0.0025
Half Life	11.22 ± 0.1 h
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

²⁰⁴Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰⁵Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	204.977385182 ± 0.000005161 Da
Mass Number	205
G-Factor	0.89933333333333 ± 0.0015555555555556
Half Life	14.91 ± 0.07 d
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.81 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

²⁰⁵Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰⁶Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	205.978498843 ± 0.000008193 Da
Mass Number	206
G-Factor	0.7235 ± 0.0013333333333333
Half Life	6.243 ± 0.003 d
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment	-0.54 ± 0.04
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

²⁰⁶Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰⁷Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	206.978470551 ± 0.000002573 Da
Mass Number	207
G-Factor	0.90508888888889 ± 0.00044444444444444
Half Life	31.22 ± 0.17 y
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.76 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

²⁰⁷Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰⁸Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	207.97974206 ± 0.000002474 Da
Mass Number	208
G-Factor	0.9144 ± 0.002
Half Life	368 ± 4 ky
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment	-0.7 ± 0.08
Discovery Year	1953
Parity	+

²⁰⁸Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰⁹Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️ 100
Relative Atomic Mass	208.980398599 ± 0.000001465 Da
Mass Number	209
G-Factor
Half Life	20.1 ± 0.8 Ey
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.516 ± 0.015
Discovery Year	1924
Parity	-

²⁰⁹Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁰Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	209.984120237 ± 0.000001463 Da
Mass Number	210
G-Factor	-0.0443 ± 0.0001
Half Life	5.012 ± 0.005 d
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment	0.19 ± 0.006
Discovery Year	1905
Parity	-

²¹⁰Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
α (α emission)	13.2%

²¹¹Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	210.987268715 ± 0.000005842 Da
Mass Number	211
G-Factor	0.85555555555556 ± 0.0066666666666667
Half Life	2.14 ± 0.02 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.7 ± 0.3
Discovery Year	1905
Parity	-

²¹¹Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	0.276%

²¹²Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	211.99128503 ± 0.000001989 Da
Mass Number	212
G-Factor	0.32 ± 0.04
Half Life	60.55 ± 0.06 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment	0.1 ± 0.4
Discovery Year	1905
Parity	-

²¹²Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	64.06%
α (α emission)	35.94%
β⁻α (β⁻-delayed α emission)	0.014%

²¹³Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	212.99438357 ± 0.000005455 Da
Mass Number	213
G-Factor	0.822 ± 0.0015555555555556
Half Life	45.6 ± 0.04 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.83 ± 0.05
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	-

²¹³Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	97.91%
α (α emission)	2.09%

²¹⁴Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	213.998710909 ± 0.000012033 Da
Mass Number	214
G-Factor
Half Life	19.9 ± 0.4 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1904
Parity	-

²¹⁴Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	99.979%
α (α emission)	0.021%
β⁻α (β⁻-delayed α emission)	0.003%

²¹⁵Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	215.001749095 ± 0.000006037 Da
Mass Number	215
G-Factor
Half Life	7.62 ± 0.13 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1953
Parity	-

²¹⁵Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²¹⁶Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	216.006305985 ± 0.000012 Da
Mass Number	216
G-Factor
Half Life	2.21 ± 0.04 m
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1989
Parity	-

²¹⁶Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²¹⁷Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	217.009372 ± 0.000019 Da
Mass Number	217
G-Factor
Half Life	98.5 ± 1.3 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1998
Parity	-

²¹⁷Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²¹⁸Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	218.014188 ± 0.000029 Da
Mass Number	218
G-Factor
Half Life	33 ± 1 s
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1998
Parity	-

²¹⁸Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²¹⁹Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	219.01752 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	219
G-Factor
Half Life	8.7 ± 2.9 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2009
Parity	-

²¹⁹Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

²²⁰Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	220.022501 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	220
G-Factor
Half Life	9.5 ± 5.7 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

²²⁰Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

²²¹Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	221.02598 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	221
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2009
Parity	-

²²¹Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

²²²Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	222.031079 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	222
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2009
Parity	-

²²²Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

²²³Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	223.034611 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	223
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2009
Parity	-

²²³Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

²²⁴Bi

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	224.039796 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	224
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

²²⁴Bi Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

History

Bismuth has been known since ancient times, so no one person is credited with its discovery. The element was confused in early times with tin and lead because of its resemblance to those elements. In 1753, French chemist Claude François Geoffroy demonstrated that this metal is distinct from lead and tin. From the German Weisse Masse, meaning white mass

Discoverers	Known to the ancients.
Discovery Location
Discovery Year
Etymology (Name Origin)	German: bisemutum, (white mass), Now spelled wismut.
Pronunciation	BIZ-meth (English)

Bismuth is considered to be non-toxic

Bismuth has unusually high electrical resistance for a metal

Uses

Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is used as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers. Bismuth oxychloride is used in cosmetics, as a pigment in paint for eye shadows, hair sprays and nail polishes. It has also been used as a replacement for lead in shot, bullets and less-lethal riot gun ammunition. Main use is in pharmaceuticals and low melting point alloys used as fuses.

Sources

It can be found free in nature and in minerals like bismuthine (Bi2O3) and in bismuth ochre (Bi2O3)

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.0085 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.00002 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor	0.0000069 %
Abundance in Sun	0.000001 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000007 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.6018
2	p	4.533
2	s	21.824
3	d	13.4585
3	p	23.0678
3	s	24.1145
4	d	37.7608
4	f	37.9308
4	p	36.1496
4	s	35.2928
5	d	58.756
5	p	53.979
5	s	51.971
6	p	69.6602
6	s	67.76

Bismuth on ChemicalAid

AGROVOC ID	c_938
Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300379646
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/2564
BNCF Thesaurus ID	31234
Biblioteca Nacional de España ID	XX544135
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	12150872q
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	wismut
CAB ID	64932
CAS Registry Number	7440-69-9
ChEBI ID	33301
ChemSpider ID	4514266
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID0031057
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID3052484
Den Store Danske ID	bismuth
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.343
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	bismuth
EuroVoc ID	4990
Freebase ID	/m/025svp8
French Vikidia ID	Bismuth
GND ID	4145722-5
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0223144
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0009864
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	1916471
HSDB ID	2078
InChI	InChI=1S/Bi
InChIKey	JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Bismuth
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85014436
MeSH descriptor ID	D001729
NALT ID	17629
NDF-RT ID	N0000148861
NDL Authority ID	00560691
NKCR AUT ID	ph118931
Namuwiki ID	비스무트
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007282559205171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	156485
OpenAlex ID	C533668322
PDB ligand ID	BS3
PDB structure ID	4H0W
PSH ID	5805
PubChem CID	5359367
Quora topic ID	Bismuth
RxNorm ID	1599
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1008494
Spanish Vikidia ID	Bismuto
Store medisinske leksikon ID	vismut
Store medisinske leksikon ID	vismut_-_medisin
Store norske leksikon ID	vismut
Treccani ID	bismuto
UMLS CUI	C0005642
UNII	U015TT5I8H
USGS Thesaurus ID	1409
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Bismuth"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14655680-n
YSO ID	28924
ZVG number	8520

Bismuth (Bi)

Properties

Isotopes of Bismuth

184Bi

184Bi Decay Modes

185Bi

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186Bi

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187Bi

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188Bi

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189Bi

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190Bi

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191Bi

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192Bi

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193Bi

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194Bi

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195Bi

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196Bi

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197Bi

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198Bi

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199Bi

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200Bi

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201Bi

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202Bi

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203Bi

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204Bi

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205Bi

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206Bi

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207Bi

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208Bi

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209Bi

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210Bi

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211Bi

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212Bi

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213Bi

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214Bi

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215Bi

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216Bi

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217Bi

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218Bi

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219Bi

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220Bi

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221Bi

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222Bi