Bismuth (Bi)

Bismuth is the 83rd element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Bi and atomic number of 83. It has an atomic weight of 208.98040 and a mass number of 209. Bismuth has eighty-three protons and one hundred twenty-six neutrons in its nucleus, and eighty-three electrons in six shells. It is located in group fifteen, period six and block p of the periodic table. White crystalline metal with a pink tinge, belongs to group 15. Most diamagnetic of all metals and has the lowest thermal conductivity of all the elements except mercury. Lead-free bismuth compounds are used in cosmetics and medical procedures. Burns in the air and produces a blue flame. In 1753, C.G. Junine first demonstrated that it was different from lead.

Atomic Number	83
Atomic Weight	208.9804
Mass Number	209

Group	15
Period	6
Block	p

Protons	83 p⁺
Neutrons	126 n⁰
Electrons	83 e^-

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	160 pm 250 pm
Molar Volume	21.3 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	151 pm 141 pm 135 pm 148 pm 148 pm
Metallic Radius	151 pm 178 pm
Ionic Radius	96 pm 103 pm 117 pm 76 pm
Crystal Radius	110 pm 117 pm 131 pm 90 pm
Van der Waals Radius	230 pm 207 pm 266 pm 207 pm 437 pm
Density	9.79 g/cm³ 10,050 kg/m³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	0.942362 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	7.285516 eV/particle 16.703 eV/particle 25.563 eV/particle 45.37 eV/particle 54.85 eV/particle 88.4 eV/particle 103 eV/particle 122 eV/particle 143 eV/particle 161.1 eV/particle 183 eV/particle 208 eV/particle 229 eV/particle 252 eV/particle 272.6 eV/particle 370.2 eV/particle 409 eV/particle 436 eV/particle 464 eV/particle 520 eV/particle 550 eV/particle 620 eV/particle 660 eV/particle 690 eV/particle 750 eV/particle 810 eV/particle 870 eV/particle 930 eV/particle 990 eV/particle 1,060 eV/particle 1,120 eV/particle 1,180 eV/particle 1,250 eV/particle 1,310 eV/particle 1,380 eV/particle 1,440 eV/particle 1,500 eV/particle 1,784 eV/particle 1,840 eV/particle 1,902 eV/particle 1,967 eV/particle 2,029 eV/particle 2,090 eV/particle 2,190 eV/particle 2,253 eV/particle 2,321 eV/particle 2,385 eV/particle 2,641 eV/particle 2,703 eV/particle 2,771 eV/particle 2,835 eV/particle 3,078 eV/particle 3,151 eV/particle 3,329 eV/particle 3,401.8 eV/particle 5,599 eV/particle 5,740 eV/particle 5,892 eV/particle 6,054 eV/particle 6,208 eV/particle 6,358 eV/particle 6,648 eV/particle 6,804 eV/particle 6,977 eV/particle 7,137 eV/particle 7,580 eV/particle 7,720 eV/particle 7,870 eV/particle 8,010 eV/particle 8,780 eV/particle 8,950 eV/particle 9,270 eV/particle 9,430 eV/particle 20,130 eV/particle 20,500 eV/particle 20,920 eV/particle 21,300 eV/particle 24,150 eV/particle 24,640 eV/particle 25,260 eV/particle 25,656.9 eV/particle 102,251.76 eV/particle 104,132.8 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	172 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	11 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	209.6 kJ/mol
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5

Valence Electrons	5 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³

Oxidation States	-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Electronegativity	11.9 eV/particle 0.182377 1.9
Electrophilicity Index	1.334075610943783 eV/particle
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	1,837.15 K
Melting Point	544.552 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature	4,620.15 K
Triple Point
Visual
Bismuth is a Gray. Bi has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #9e4fb5, and MOLCAS GV of #9e4fb5. The Appearance of Element 83 is lustrous silver.
Color	Gray #ff1493 #9e4fb5 #9e4fb5
Appearance	lustrous silver
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	7.9 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000134 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	25.52 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.122 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	0.77 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000013 Ω*m
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	diamagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	-0.000000017 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	-0.0000000036 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	-0.00017
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Bismuth is RHL. The lattice constant of Bi is 4.75 Å. The lattice angles of Element 83 are π/2, 1.925622, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Base Centered Monoclinic (RHL)
Lattice Constant	4.75 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, 1.925622, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Bismuth has a Brinell of 94.2 MPa, and Mohs hardness of 2.25 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Bi is 31 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 83 is 12 GPa. The Young Modulus of Bismuth (Bi) is 32 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Bismuth is 0.33. The Speed of Sound of Bi is 1790 m/s.
Hardness	94.2 MPa 2.25 MPa
Bulk Modulus	31 GPa
Shear Modulus	12 GPa
Young's Modulus	32 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.33
Speed of Sound	1,790 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Bismuth is VB. The IUPAC Group of Bi is VA. The Glawe Number of Element 83 is 92. The Mendeleev Number of Bismuth (Bi) is 97. The Pettifor Number of Bismuth is 87. The Goldschmidt Class of Bi is chalcophile.
Category	Post-transition metals, Poor metals
CAS Group	VB
IUPAC Group	VA
Glawe Number	92
Mendeleev Number	97
Pettifor Number	87
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt Class	chalcophile

Other

The Dipole Polarizability of Bismuth is 48 plus or minus 4 a₀. Bi has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 513 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 83 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Bismuth (Bi) is 0.034. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Bismuth is 6.0E-6. The Quantum Numbers of Bi is 4S3/2. The Space Group of Element 83 is 12 (C12/m1).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	48 ± 4 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	513 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	0.034
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.000006
Quantum Numbers	4S3/2
Space Group	12 (C12/m1)

Isotopes of Bismuth

Stable Isotopes	0
Unstable Isotopes	41
Natural Isotopes	1

¹⁸⁴Bi

Mass Number	184
Neutron Number	101
Relative Atomic Mass	184.001347 ± 0.000131 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.6 ± 1.5 ms
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2003
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

¹⁸⁵Bi

Mass Number	185
Neutron Number	102
Relative Atomic Mass	184.9976 ± 0.000087 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1996
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)
α (α emission)

¹⁸⁶Bi

Mass Number	186
Neutron Number	103
Relative Atomic Mass	185.996623169 ± 0.0000182 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	14.8 ± 0.7 ms
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1997
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ SF (β⁺-delayed fission)	0.011%

¹⁸⁷Bi

Mass Number	187
Neutron Number	104
Relative Atomic Mass	186.993147272 ± 0.00001074 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	37 ± 2 ms
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

¹⁸⁸Bi

Mass Number	188
Neutron Number	105
Relative Atomic Mass	187.992276064 ± 0.000012001 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	60 ± 3 ms
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1980
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ SF (β⁺-delayed fission)	0.0014%

¹⁸⁹Bi

Mass Number	189
Neutron Number	106
Relative Atomic Mass	188.989195139 ± 0.000022384 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	688 ± 5 ms
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁹⁰Bi

Mass Number	190
Neutron Number	107
Relative Atomic Mass	189.988624828 ± 0.000022515 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.3 ± 0.1 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	77%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	23%
β⁺ SF (β⁺-delayed fission)	6%

¹⁹¹Bi

Mass Number	191
Neutron Number	108
Relative Atomic Mass	190.985786972 ± 0.000008037 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	12.4 ± 0.3 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	51%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁹²Bi

Mass Number	192
Neutron Number	109
Relative Atomic Mass	191.985470077 ± 0.000032326 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	34.6 ± 0.9 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	88%
α (α emission)	12%

¹⁹³Bi

Mass Number	193
Neutron Number	110
Relative Atomic Mass	192.98294722 ± 0.000008132 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	63.6 ± 3 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	96.5%
α (α emission)	3.5%

¹⁹⁴Bi

Mass Number	194
Neutron Number	111
Relative Atomic Mass	193.982798581 ± 0.000005638 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	95 ± 3 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.46%

¹⁹⁵Bi

Mass Number	195
Neutron Number	112
Relative Atomic Mass	194.980648759 ± 0.000005675 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	183 ± 4 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.03%

¹⁹⁶Bi

Mass Number	196
Neutron Number	113
Relative Atomic Mass	195.980666509 ± 0.000026224 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.13 ± 0.2 m
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.00115%

¹⁹⁷Bi

Mass Number	197
Neutron Number	114
Relative Atomic Mass	196.978864927 ± 0.000008946 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9.33 ± 0.5 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)

¹⁹⁸Bi

Mass Number	198
Neutron Number	115
Relative Atomic Mass	197.979201316 ± 0.000029598 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	10.3 ± 0.3 m
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁹⁹Bi

Mass Number	199
Neutron Number	116
Relative Atomic Mass	198.977672841 ± 0.000011395 Da
G-Factor	1.0222222222222 ± 0.088888888888889
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	27 ± 1 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰⁰Bi

Mass Number	200
Neutron Number	117
Relative Atomic Mass	199.97813129 ± 0.00002437 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	36.4 ± 0.5 m
Spin	7
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰¹Bi

Mass Number	201
Neutron Number	118
Relative Atomic Mass	200.976995017 ± 0.000013072 Da
G-Factor	1.0666666666667 ± 0.066666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	103 ± 3 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰²Bi

Mass Number	202
Neutron Number	119
Relative Atomic Mass	201.977723042 ± 0.000015032 Da
G-Factor	0.848 ± 0.0028
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.72 ± 0.05 h
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	1%

²⁰³Bi

Mass Number	203
Neutron Number	120
Relative Atomic Mass	202.976892077 ± 0.000013717 Da
G-Factor	0.88866666666667 ± 0.0028888888888889
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	11.76 ± 0.05 h
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰⁴Bi

Mass Number	204
Neutron Number	121
Relative Atomic Mass	203.977835687 ± 0.000009854 Da
G-Factor	0.717 ± 0.0025
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	11.22 ± 0.1 h
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰⁵Bi

Mass Number	205
Neutron Number	122
Relative Atomic Mass	204.977385182 ± 0.000005161 Da
G-Factor	0.89933333333333 ± 0.0015555555555556
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	14.91 ± 0.07 d
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.81 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰⁶Bi

Mass Number	206
Neutron Number	123
Relative Atomic Mass	205.978498843 ± 0.000008193 Da
G-Factor	0.7235 ± 0.0013333333333333
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.243 ± 0.003 d
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment	-0.54 ± 0.04
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰⁷Bi

Mass Number	207
Neutron Number	124
Relative Atomic Mass	206.978470551 ± 0.000002573 Da
G-Factor	0.90508888888889 ± 0.00044444444444444
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	31.22 ± 0.17 y
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.76 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰⁸Bi

Mass Number	208
Neutron Number	125
Relative Atomic Mass	207.97974206 ± 0.000002474 Da
G-Factor	0.9144 ± 0.002
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	368 ± 4 ky
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment	-0.7 ± 0.08
Discovery Year	1953
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰⁹Bi

Mass Number	209
Neutron Number	126
Relative Atomic Mass	208.980398599 ± 0.000001465 Da
G-Factor
Abundance	100
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	20.1 ± 0.8 Ey
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.516 ± 0.015
Discovery Year	1924
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁰Bi

Mass Number	210
Neutron Number	127
Relative Atomic Mass	209.984120237 ± 0.000001463 Da
G-Factor	-0.0443 ± 0.0001
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.012 ± 0.005 d
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment	0.19 ± 0.006
Discovery Year	1905
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
α (α emission)	13.2%

²¹¹Bi

Mass Number	211
Neutron Number	128
Relative Atomic Mass	210.987268715 ± 0.000005842 Da
G-Factor	0.85555555555556 ± 0.0066666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.14 ± 0.02 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.7 ± 0.3
Discovery Year	1905
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	0.276%

²¹²Bi

Mass Number	212
Neutron Number	129
Relative Atomic Mass	211.99128503 ± 0.000001989 Da
G-Factor	0.32 ± 0.04
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	60.55 ± 0.06 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment	0.1 ± 0.4
Discovery Year	1905
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	64.06%
α (α emission)	35.94%
β⁻α (β⁻-delayed α emission)	0.014%

²¹³Bi

Mass Number	213
Neutron Number	130
Relative Atomic Mass	212.99438357 ± 0.000005455 Da
G-Factor	0.822 ± 0.0015555555555556
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	45.6 ± 0.04 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.83 ± 0.05
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	97.91%
α (α emission)	2.09%

²¹⁴Bi

Mass Number	214
Neutron Number	131
Relative Atomic Mass	213.998710909 ± 0.000012033 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	19.9 ± 0.4 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1904
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	99.979%
α (α emission)	0.021%
β⁻α (β⁻-delayed α emission)	0.003%

²¹⁵Bi

Mass Number	215
Neutron Number	132
Relative Atomic Mass	215.001749095 ± 0.000006037 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	7.62 ± 0.13 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1953
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²¹⁶Bi

Mass Number	216
Neutron Number	133
Relative Atomic Mass	216.006305985 ± 0.000012 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.21 ± 0.04 m
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1989
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²¹⁷Bi

Mass Number	217
Neutron Number	134
Relative Atomic Mass	217.009372 ± 0.000019 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	98.5 ± 1.3 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1998
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²¹⁸Bi

Mass Number	218
Neutron Number	135
Relative Atomic Mass	218.014188 ± 0.000029 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	33 ± 1 s
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1998
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²¹⁹Bi

Mass Number	219
Neutron Number	136
Relative Atomic Mass	219.01752 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	8.7 ± 2.9 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2009
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

²²⁰Bi

Mass Number	220
Neutron Number	137
Relative Atomic Mass	220.022501 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9.5 ± 5.7 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

²²¹Bi

Mass Number	221
Neutron Number	138
Relative Atomic Mass	221.02598 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2009
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

²²²Bi

Mass Number	222
Neutron Number	139
Relative Atomic Mass	222.031079 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2009
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

²²³Bi

Mass Number	223
Neutron Number	140
Relative Atomic Mass	223.034611 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2009
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

²²⁴Bi

Mass Number	224
Neutron Number	141
Relative Atomic Mass	224.039796 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

History

Bismuth has been known since ancient times, so no one person is credited with its discovery. The element was confused in early times with tin and lead because of its resemblance to those elements. In 1753, French chemist Claude François Geoffroy demonstrated that this metal is distinct from lead and tin. From the German Weisse Masse, meaning white mass

Discoverers	Known to the ancients.
Discovery Location
Discovery Year
Etymology (Name Origin)	German: bisemutum, (white mass), Now spelled wismut.
Pronunciation	BIZ-meth (English)

Bismuth is considered to be non-toxic

Bismuth has unusually high electrical resistance for a metal

Uses

Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is used as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers. Bismuth oxychloride is used in cosmetics, as a pigment in paint for eye shadows, hair sprays and nail polishes. It has also been used as a replacement for lead in shot, bullets and less-lethal riot gun ammunition. Main use is in pharmaceuticals and low melting point alloys used as fuses.

Sources

It can be found free in nature and in minerals like bismuthine (Bi2O3) and in bismuth ochre (Bi2O3)

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.0085 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)	0.00002 mg/L
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.0000069 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.000001 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000007 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.6018
2	p	4.533
2	s	21.824
3	d	13.4585
3	p	23.0678
3	s	24.1145
4	d	37.7608
4	f	37.9308
4	p	36.1496
4	s	35.2928
5	d	58.756
5	p	53.979
5	s	51.971
6	p	69.6602
6	s	67.76

Also Known As

Bi
element 83
83Bi

Translations

Frenchbismuth
Norwegian Bokmålvismut
Italianbismuto
Spanishbismuto
GermanBismut
Norwegian Nynorskvismut
Hungarianbizmut
Amharicቢስመዝ
AragoneseBismuto
Arabicبزموت
AzerbaijaniBismut
BelarusianВісмут
Bulgarianбисмут
Banglaবিসমাথ
Bosnianbizmut
Catalanbismut
CorsicanBismutu
Czechbismut
ChuvashВисмут
WelshBismwth
Danishbismuth
Greekβισμούθιο
Esperantobismuto
EstonianVismut
Basquebismuto
Persianبیسموت
Finnishvismutti
FriulianBismût
Irishbiosmat
GalicianBismuto
ManxBismut
Hakka Chinesebismuth
Hebrewביסמוט
Fiji HindiBismuth
CroatianBizmut
Haitian CreoleBismit
Armenianբիսմութ
InterlinguaBismuth
Indonesianbismut
IdoBismuto
Icelandicbismút
Japaneseビスマス
Lojbanjinmrbismu
JavaneseBismut
Georgianბისმუტი
Kannadaಬಿಸ್ಮತ್
Korean비스무트
KurdishBîzmût
KomiВисмут
Latinbisemutum
LuxembourgishBismut
LigurianBismüo
LithuanianBismutas
Latvianbismuts
Macedonianбизмут
Malayalamബിസ്മത്
Mongolianвисмут
Marathiबिस्मथ
Western MariВисмут
MalayBismut
Burmeseကြွပ်
Low GermanWismut
Dutchbismut
OccitanBismut
Polishbizmut
Western Panjabiبسمتھ
Portuguesebismuto
QuechuaWismutu
Romanianbismut
Russianвисмут
Sicilianbismutu
Serbo-CroatianBizmut
Slovakbizmut
Slovenianbizmut
Serbianбизмут
Saterland FrisianBismuth
Swedishvismut
SwahiliBismuthi
Thaiบิสมัท
TagalogBismuto
TurkishBizmut
Uyghurۋىسمۇت
Ukrainianбісмут
Urduبسمیتھ
VepsVismut
Vietnamesebitmut
WarayBismuto
KalmykБисмутум
Yiddishביסמוט
YorubaBismuth
Chinese鉍
KazakhВисмут
CebuanoBismuto
BretonBismut
Central Kurdishبیزمۆت
Tamilபிஸ்மத்து
Gujaratiબિસ્મથ
German (Switzerland)Bismut
English (Canada)bismuth
English (United Kingdom)bismuth
Odiaବିସ୍‌ମଥ
Portuguese (Brazil)bismuto
Cantonese鉍
Punjabiਬਿਸਮਥ
Scotsbismuth
TatarВисмут
PiedmonteseBismut
Northern FrisianBismut
Afrikaansbismut
ErzyaВисмут
SomaliBismuth
Literary Chinese鉍
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)бісмут
AlbanianBismuti
UzbekVismut
Chinese (China)铋
Chinese (Simplified)铋
Chinese (Traditional)鉍
Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)鉍
Chinese (Taiwan)鉍
AromanianBismuthu
KyrgyzВисмут
TuvinianВисмут
cdoBék
LimburgishBiesmoet
Teluguబిస్మత్
LombardBismuto
Maltesebismùt
Nepaliबिस्मुथ
Scottish GaelicBiosmat
Gan Chinese鉍
Hindiबिस्मथ
Bhojpuriबिस्मथ
Paliबिस्मुथ
Sanskritबिस्मुथ
Newariबिस्मुथ
Min Nan ChineseBismuth
Tibetanབི་སི་མ་ཐ།
AsturianBismutu
Lingua Franca Novabismuto
kbpPɩsɩmʊtɩ
Wu Chinese铋
oloVismuttu
hywՊիսմութ
TajikВисмут
SardinianBismutu
BashkirВисмут
Moroccan Arabicبيسموث
Egyptian Arabicبزموت
Pashtoبېسموت
BikolBismuto
CornishBismuth
BalineseBismuth
ZuluIBima

Bismuth on ChemicalAid

AGROVOC ID	c_938
Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300379646
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/2564
BNCF Thesaurus ID	31234
Biblioteca Nacional de España ID	XX544135
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	12150872q
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	wismut
CAB ID	64932
CAS Registry Number	7440-69-9
ChEBI ID	33301
ChemSpider ID	4514266
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID0031057
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID3052484
Den Store Danske ID	bismuth
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.343
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	bismuth
EuroVoc ID	4990
Freebase ID	/m/025svp8
French Vikidia ID	Bismuth
GND ID	4145722-5
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0223144
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0009864
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	1916471
HSDB ID	2078
InChI	InChI=1S/Bi
InChIKey	JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Bismuth
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85014436
MeSH descriptor ID	D001729
NALT ID	17629
NDF-RT ID	N0000148861
NDL Authority ID	00560691
NKCR AUT ID	ph118931
Namuwiki ID	비스무트
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007282559205171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	156485
OpenAlex ID	C533668322
PDB ligand ID	BS3
PDB structure ID	4H0W
PSH ID	5805
PubChem CID	5359367
Quora topic ID	Bismuth
RxNorm ID	1599
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1008494
Spanish Vikidia ID	Bismuto
Store medisinske leksikon ID	vismut
Store medisinske leksikon ID	vismut_-_medisin
Store norske leksikon ID	vismut
Treccani ID	bismuto
UMLS CUI	C0005642
UNII	U015TT5I8H
USGS Thesaurus ID	1409
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Bismuth"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14655680-n
YSO ID	28924
ZVG number	8520

Bismuth (Bi)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Bismuth

184Bi

185Bi

186Bi

187Bi

188Bi

189Bi

190Bi

191Bi

192Bi

193Bi

194Bi

195Bi

196Bi

197Bi

198Bi

199Bi

200Bi

201Bi

202Bi

203Bi

204Bi

205Bi

206Bi

207Bi

208Bi

209Bi

210Bi

211Bi

212Bi

213Bi

214Bi

215Bi

216Bi

217Bi

218Bi

219Bi

220Bi

221Bi

222Bi

223Bi

224Bi