Polonium (Po)

Polonium is the 84th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Po and atomic number of 84. It has an atomic weight of (209) and a mass number of 186. Polonium has eighty-four protons and one hundred two neutrons in its nucleus, and eighty-four electrons in six shells. It is located in group sixteen, period six and block p of the periodic table. Rare radioactive metallic element, belongs to group 16 of the periodic table. Over 30 known isotopes exist, the most of all elements. Po-209 has a half-life of 103 years. Possible uses in heating spacecraft. Discovered by Marie Curie in 1898 in a sample of pitchblende.

Atomic Number	84
Atomic Weight	209
Mass Number	186

Group	16
Period	6
Block	p

Protons	84 p⁺
Neutrons	102 n⁰
Electrons	84 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	190 pm 250 pm
Molar Volume	22.7 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	145 pm 135 pm 129 pm 140 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius	94 pm 108 pm 67 pm
Crystal Radius	108 pm 122 pm 81 pm
Van der Waals Radius	197 pm 259 pm 197 pm 470.9 pm
Density	9.2 g/cm³
Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	1.9 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	8.414 eV/particle 19.3 eV/particle 27 eV/particle 36 eV/particle 57 eV/particle 69.1 eV/particle 108 eV/particle 125 eV/particle 146.1 eV/particle 166 eV/particle 190 eV/particle 209 eV/particle 235 eV/particle 257 eV/particle 281 eV/particle 304 eV/particle 416 eV/particle 444 eV/particle 473 eV/particle 502 eV/particle 560 eV/particle 590 eV/particle 670 eV/particle 700 eV/particle 740 eV/particle 800 eV/particle 860 eV/particle 930 eV/particle 990 eV/particle 1,060 eV/particle 1,120 eV/particle 1,180 eV/particle 1,250 eV/particle 1,320 eV/particle 1,380 eV/particle 1,440 eV/particle 1,510 eV/particle 1,570 eV/particle 1,865 eV/particle 1,923 eV/particle 1,986 eV/particle 2,052 eV/particle 2,115 eV/particle 2,177 eV/particle 2,281 eV/particle 2,345 eV/particle 2,414 eV/particle 2,480 eV/particle 2,740 eV/particle 2,803 eV/particle 2,873 eV/particle 2,938 eV/particle 3,194 eV/particle 3,268 eV/particle 3,450 eV/particle 3,524.2 eV/particle 5,785 eV/particle 5,930 eV/particle 6,084 eV/particle 6,248 eV/particle 6,405 eV/particle 6,557 eV/particle 6,856 eV/particle 7,015 eV/particle 7,191 eV/particle 7,350 eV/particle 7,810 eV/particle 7,940 eV/particle 8,100 eV/particle 8,240 eV/particle 9,050 eV/particle 9,220 eV/particle 9,550 eV/particle 9,710 eV/particle 20,670 eV/particle 21,050 eV/particle 21,470 eV/particle 21,860 eV/particle 24,860 eV/particle 25,360 eV/particle 25,990 eV/particle 26,390.4 eV/particle 105,064.3 eV/particle 106,982.7 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	102.9 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	10 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6

Valence Electrons	6

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁴

Oxidation States	-2, 2, 4, 5, 6
Electronegativity	13 eV/particle 0.186842 2
Electrophilicity	2.0413454866441514 eV/particle
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	1,235.15 K
Melting Point	527.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Polonium is a Silver. Po has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #ab5c00, and MOLCAS GV of #ab5c00. The Appearance of Element 84 is silvery.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #ab5c00 #ab5c00
Appearance	silvery
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Molar Heat Capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	2.3 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000043 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Polonium is SC. The lattice constant of Po is 3.35 Å. The lattice angles of Element 84 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Simple Cubic (SC)
Lattice Constant	3.35 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties

Hardness
Bulk Modulus
Shear Modulus
Young Modulus
Poisson Ratio
Speed of Sound
Classification
The CAS Group of Polonium is VIB. The IUPAC Group of Po is VIA. The Glawe Number of Element 84 is 93. The Mendeleev Number of Polonium (Po) is 103. The Pettifor Number of Polonium is 91. The Geochemical Class of Po is U/Th decay series. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 84 is synthetic.
Category	Metalloids, Metalloids
CAS Group	VIB
IUPAC Group	VIA
Glawe Number	93
Mendeleev Number	103
Pettifor Number	91
Geochemical Class	U/Th decay series
Goldschmidt Class	synthetic
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Polonium is 44 plus or minus 4 a₀. Po has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 424 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 84 are Alpha Polonium, Beta Polonium. The Neutron Cross Section of Polonium (Po) is 0.5. The Quantum Numbers of Polonium is 3P2. The Space Group of Po is 221 (Pm-3m).
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	44 ± 4 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	424 a₀
Allotropes	Alpha Polonium, Beta Polonium
Neutron Cross Section	0.5
Neutron Mass Absorption
Quantum Numbers	3P2
Space Group	221 (Pm-3m)

Isotopes of Polonium

Stable Isotopes	0
Unstable Isotopes	42
Radioactive Isotopes	42

¹⁸⁶Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	186.004403174 ± 0.000019622 Da
Mass Number	186
G-Factor	0
Half Life	34 ± 12 us
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2005
Parity	+

¹⁸⁶Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
p (proton emission)	%

¹⁸⁷Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	187.003031482 ± 0.00003503 Da
Mass Number	187
G-Factor
Half Life	1.4 ± 0.25 ms
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2005
Parity	-

¹⁸⁷Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹⁸⁸Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	187.999415586 ± 0.000021438 Da
Mass Number	188
G-Factor	0
Half Life	270 ± 30 us
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	+

¹⁸⁸Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹⁸⁹Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	188.998473425 ± 0.000023681 Da
Mass Number	189
G-Factor
Half Life	3.5 ± 0.5 ms
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	-

¹⁸⁹Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹⁹⁰Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	189.995101731 ± 0.000014131 Da
Mass Number	190
G-Factor	0
Half Life	2.45 ± 0.05 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1996
Parity	+

¹⁹⁰Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹⁹¹Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	190.994558494 ± 0.000007624 Da
Mass Number	191
G-Factor
Half Life	22 ± 1 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1993
Parity	-

¹⁹¹Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹⁹²Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	191.991340274 ± 0.000011416 Da
Mass Number	192
G-Factor	0
Half Life	32.2 ± 0.3 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

¹⁹²Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹⁹³Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	192.991062421 ± 0.000015599 Da
Mass Number	193
G-Factor
Half Life	399 ± 34 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	-1.3 ± 0.3
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	-

¹⁹³Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹⁹⁴Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	193.988186058 ± 0.00001386 Da
Mass Number	194
G-Factor	0
Half Life	392 ± 4 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	+

¹⁹⁴Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹⁹⁵Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	194.988065781 ± 0.000006486 Da
Mass Number	195
G-Factor	-0.4 ± 0.026666666666667
Half Life	4.64 ± 0.09 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.9 ± 0.3
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	-

¹⁹⁵Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	94%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹⁹⁶Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	195.985540722 ± 0.000005778 Da
Mass Number	196
G-Factor	0
Half Life	5.63 ± 0.07 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	+

¹⁹⁶Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	94%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹⁹⁷Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	196.985621939 ± 0.000010585 Da
Mass Number	197
G-Factor	-0.58666666666667 ± 0.046666666666667
Half Life	53.6 ± 0.9 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.4 ± 0.2
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	-

¹⁹⁷Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
α (α emission)	44%

¹⁹⁸Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	197.983388753 ± 0.000018705 Da
Mass Number	198
G-Factor	0
Half Life	1.76 ± 0.024 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	+

¹⁹⁸Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	57%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	43%

¹⁹⁹Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	198.983640445 ± 0.000005828 Da
Mass Number	199
G-Factor	-0.60666666666667 ± 0.046666666666667
Half Life	5.47 ± 0.15 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.27 ± 0.15
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	-

¹⁹⁹Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	92.5%
α (α emission)	7.5%

²⁰⁰Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	199.981812355 ± 0.000008136 Da
Mass Number	200
G-Factor	0
Half Life	11.51 ± 0.08 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

²⁰⁰Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	88.9%
α (α emission)	11.1%

²⁰¹Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	200.982263799 ± 0.000005305 Da
Mass Number	201
G-Factor	-0.65333333333333 ± 0.046666666666667
Half Life	15.6 ± 0.1 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.1 ± 0.1
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

²⁰¹Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	98.87%
α (α emission)	1.13%

²⁰²Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	201.980738934 ± 0.000009307 Da
Mass Number	202
G-Factor	0
Half Life	44.6 ± 0.4 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

²⁰²Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	98.08%
α (α emission)	1.92%

²⁰³Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	202.981416072 ± 0.000004981 Da
Mass Number	203
G-Factor	0.296 ± 0.02
Half Life	36.7 ± 0.5 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.17 ± 0.1
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

²⁰³Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.89%
α (α emission)	0.11%

²⁰⁴Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	203.980310078 ± 0.000010811 Da
Mass Number	204
G-Factor	0
Half Life	3.519 ± 0.012 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

²⁰⁴Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.33%
α (α emission)	0.67%

²⁰⁵Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	204.981190006 ± 0.000010798 Da
Mass Number	205
G-Factor	0.304 ± 0.024
Half Life	1.74 ± 0.08 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

²⁰⁵Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.96%
α (α emission)	0.04%

²⁰⁶Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	205.980473662 ± 0.000004306 Da
Mass Number	206
G-Factor	0
Half Life	8.8 ± 0.1 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

²⁰⁶Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	94.55%
α (α emission)	5.45%

²⁰⁷Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	206.981593334 ± 0.000007148 Da
Mass Number	207
G-Factor	0.316 ± 0.024
Half Life	5.8 ± 0.02 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.28 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	-

²⁰⁷Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.021%

²⁰⁸Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	207.981246035 ± 0.000001795 Da
Mass Number	208
G-Factor	0
Half Life	2.898 ± 0.002 y
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

²⁰⁸Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	0.0042%

²⁰⁹Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	208.982430361 ± 0.000001909 Da
Mass Number	209
G-Factor	1.36 ± 0.16
Half Life	124 ± 3 y
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	-

²⁰⁹Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	99.546%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	0.454%

²¹⁰Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	209.982873686 ± 0.00000123 Da
Mass Number	210
G-Factor	0
Half Life	138.376 ± 0.002 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1898
Parity	+

²¹⁰Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹¹Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	210.986653171 ± 0.000001347 Da
Mass Number	211
G-Factor	-0.26666666666667 ± 0.017777777777778
Half Life	516 ± 3 ms
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.77 ± 0.15
Discovery Year	1913
Parity	+

²¹¹Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹²Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	211.988867982 ± 0.000001237 Da
Mass Number	212
G-Factor	0
Half Life	294.4 ± 0.8 ns
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1906
Parity	+

²¹²Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹³Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	212.992857154 ± 0.000003277 Da
Mass Number	213
G-Factor
Half Life	3.705 ± 0.001 us
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

²¹³Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁴Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	213.995201287 ± 0.000001556 Da
Mass Number	214
G-Factor	0
Half Life	163.47 ± 0.03 us
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1912
Parity	+

²¹⁴Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁵Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	214.999418385 ± 0.000002276 Da
Mass Number	215
G-Factor
Half Life	1.781 ± 0.005 ms
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1911
Parity	+

²¹⁵Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	2.3%

²¹⁶Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	216.001913416 ± 0.000001948 Da
Mass Number	216
G-Factor	0
Half Life	144 ± 0.6 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1910
Parity	+

²¹⁶Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)	%

²¹⁷Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	217.006316145 ± 0.000007025 Da
Mass Number	217
G-Factor
Half Life	1.53 ± 0.05 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1956
Parity	+

²¹⁷Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	97.5%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	2.5%

²¹⁸Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	218.008971234 ± 0.000002112 Da
Mass Number	218
G-Factor	0
Half Life	3.097 ± 0.012 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1904
Parity	+

²¹⁸Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	99.98%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	0.02%

²¹⁹Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	219.013614 ± 0.000017 Da
Mass Number	219
G-Factor
Half Life	10.3 ± 1 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1998
Parity	+

²¹⁹Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	71.8%
α (α emission)	28.2%

²²⁰Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	220.016386 ± 0.000019 Da
Mass Number	220
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1998
Parity	+

²²⁰Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

²²¹Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	221.021228 ± 0.000021 Da
Mass Number	221
G-Factor
Half Life	2.2 ± 0.7 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

²²¹Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²²²Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	222.02414 ± 0.000043 Da
Mass Number	222
G-Factor	0
Half Life	9.1 ± 7.2 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

²²²Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²²³Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	223.02907 ± 0.00021 Da
Mass Number	223
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

²²³Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

²²⁴Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	224.03211 ± 0.00021 Da
Mass Number	224
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

²²⁴Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

²²⁵Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	225.037123 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	225
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

²²⁵Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

²²⁶Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	226.04031 ± 0.00043 Da
Mass Number	226
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

²²⁶Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

²²⁷Po

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	227.04539 ± 0.00043 Da
Mass Number	227
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

²²⁷Po Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

History

Polonium was discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie in 1898 in Paris. This element was the first one discovered by the Curies while they were investigating the cause of pitchblende radioactivity. The dangers of working with radioactive elements were not known when the Curies made their discoveries. Named after Poland, native country of Madam Curie

Discoverers	Pierre and Marie Curie
Discovery Location	France
Discovery Year	1898
Etymology (Name Origin)	Named for Poland, native country of Marie Curie.
Pronunciation	peh-LOW-ni-em (English)

Polonium is highly dangerous and radioactive

Polonium is obtained by irradiating bismuth with high-energy neutrons or protons

Uses

Polonium is used to eliminate static electricity produced during processes such as rolling paper, wire and sheet metal. Polonium can be mixed or alloyed with beryllium to provide a source of neutrons. It is also used in anti-static brushes to eliminate dust on photographic film. Used in industrial equipment that eliminates static electricity caused by such processes as rolling paper, wire, and sheet metal.

Sources

Occurs in pitchblende from decay of bismuth.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.0000000002 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.000000000000015 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body	0 %
Abundance in Meteor
Abundance in Sun
Abundance in Universe	0 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.6232
2	p	4.5428
2	s	22.0782
3	d	13.428
3	p	23.2851
3	s	24.3813
4	d	36.3328
4	f	37.8416
4	p	36.3328
4	s	35.4784
5	d	58.696
5	p	53.9755
5	s	51.977
6	p	69.7794
6	s	67.6692

Polonium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3559
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	12276890p
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	polonium
CAB ID	20653
CAS Registry Number	7440-08-6
ChEBI ID	33313
ChemSpider ID	4886482
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID7047647
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID9064683
Den Store Danske ID	polonium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.289
Elhuyar ZTH ID	030002
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/polonium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	polonium
Freebase ID	/m/025s7y9
French Vikidia ID	Polonium
GND ID	4175077-9
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0133414
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	3155696
InChI	InChI=1S/Po
InChIKey	HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Polonium
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/POLONI.html
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85104579
MeSH descriptor ID	D011059
NDL Authority ID	00569159
NKCR AUT ID	ph273316
Namuwiki ID	폴로늄
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007563151805171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	160201
OpenAlex ID	C499713411
PSH ID	5810
PubChem CID	6328143
Quora topic ID	Polonium
RIA Novosti reference	55967007
Store norske leksikon ID	polonium
Treccani ID	polonio
UNII	DQY03U61EJ
USGS Thesaurus ID	1542
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14674735-n
YSO ID	17698

Polonium (Po)

Properties

Isotopes of Polonium

186Po

186Po Decay Modes

187Po

187Po Decay Modes

188Po

188Po Decay Modes

189Po

189Po Decay Modes

190Po

190Po Decay Modes

191Po

191Po Decay Modes

192Po

192Po Decay Modes

193Po

193Po Decay Modes

194Po

194Po Decay Modes

195Po

195Po Decay Modes

196Po

196Po Decay Modes

197Po

197Po Decay Modes

198Po

198Po Decay Modes

199Po

199Po Decay Modes

200Po

200Po Decay Modes

201Po

201Po Decay Modes

202Po

202Po Decay Modes

203Po

203Po Decay Modes

204Po

204Po Decay Modes

205Po

205Po Decay Modes

206Po

206Po Decay Modes

207Po

207Po Decay Modes

208Po

208Po Decay Modes

209Po

209Po Decay Modes

210Po

210Po Decay Modes

211Po

211Po Decay Modes

212Po

212Po Decay Modes

213Po

213Po Decay Modes

214Po

214Po Decay Modes

215Po

215Po Decay Modes

216Po

216Po Decay Modes

217Po

217Po Decay Modes

218Po

218Po Decay Modes

219Po

219Po Decay Modes

220Po

220Po Decay Modes

221Po

221Po Decay Modes

222Po

222Po Decay Modes

223Po

223Po Decay Modes

224Po