Atomic Number | 83 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 208.9804 |
Mass Number | 209 |
Group | 15 |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | p |
Protons | 83 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 126 n0 |
Electrons | 83 e- |
Atomic Radius | 160 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 21.3 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 151 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 151 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 96 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 110 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 207 pm
|
Density | 9.79 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.942362 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 7.285516 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 172 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 11 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 209.6 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 |
Valence Electrons | 5 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 |
Oxidation States | -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Electronegativity | 1.9
|
Electrophilicity | 1.334075610943783 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 1,837.15 K
|
Melting Point | 544.552 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | 4,620.15 K
|
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Gray
|
Appearance | lustrous silver |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 7.9 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000134 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 25.52 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.122 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 0.77 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.0000013 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | diamagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | -0.000000017 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | -0.0000000036 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | -0.00017
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Base Centered Monoclinic (RHL) |
Lattice Constant | 4.75 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, 1.925622, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | 2.25 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 31 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 12 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 32 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.33
|
Speed of Sound | 1,790 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Post-transition metals, Poor metals |
CAS Group | VB |
IUPAC Group | VA |
Glawe Number | 92 |
Mendeleev Number | 97 |
Pettifor Number | 87 |
Geochemical Class | |
Goldschmidt Class | chalcophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 0.034
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.000006
|
Quantum Numbers | 4S3/2 |
Space Group | 12 (C12/m1) |
Stable Isotopes | 1 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 40 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 41 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 184 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6.6 ± 1.5 ms
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2003 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 185 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1996 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | % |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 186 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 14.8 ± 0.7 ms
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ SF (β+-delayed fission) | 0.011% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 187 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 37 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 188 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 60 ± 3 ms
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1980 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ SF (β+-delayed fission) | 0.0014% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 189 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 688 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 190 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6.3 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 77% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 23% |
β+ SF (β+-delayed fission) | 6% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 191 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 12.4 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 51% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 192 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 34.6 ± 0.9 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 88% |
α (α emission) | 12% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 193 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 63.6 ± 3 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 96.5% |
α (α emission) | 3.5% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 194 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 95 ± 3 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0.46% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 195 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 183 ± 4 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0.03% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 196 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.13 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1976 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0.00115% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 197 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 9.33 ± 0.5 m
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 198 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 10.3 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 199 |
G-Factor | 1.0222222222222 ± 0.088888888888889
|
Half Life | 27 ± 1 m
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 200 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 36.4 ± 0.5 m
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 201 |
G-Factor | 1.0666666666667 ± 0.066666666666667
|
Half Life | 103 ± 3 m
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 202 |
G-Factor | 0.848 ± 0.0028
|
Half Life | 1.72 ± 0.05 h
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 1% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 203 |
G-Factor | 0.88866666666667 ± 0.0028888888888889
|
Half Life | 11.76 ± 0.05 h
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 204 |
G-Factor | 0.717 ± 0.0025
|
Half Life | 11.22 ± 0.1 h
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1947 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 205 |
G-Factor | 0.89933333333333 ± 0.0015555555555556
|
Half Life | 14.91 ± 0.07 d
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.81 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 206 |
G-Factor | 0.7235 ± 0.0013333333333333
|
Half Life | 6.243 ± 0.003 d
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.54 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1947 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 207 |
G-Factor | 0.90508888888889 ± 0.00044444444444444
|
Half Life | 31.22 ± 0.17 y
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.76 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 208 |
G-Factor | 0.9144 ± 0.002
|
Half Life | 368 ± 4 ky
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.7 ± 0.08
|
Discovery Year | 1953 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 100
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 209 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 20.1 ± 0.8 Ey
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.516 ± 0.015
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 210 |
G-Factor | -0.0443 ± 0.0001
|
Half Life | 5.012 ± 0.005 d
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.19 ± 0.006
|
Discovery Year | 1905 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 13.2% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 211 |
G-Factor | 0.85555555555556 ± 0.0066666666666667
|
Half Life | 2.14 ± 0.02 m
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.7 ± 0.3
|
Discovery Year | 1905 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β− (β− decay) | 0.276% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 212 |
G-Factor | 0.32 ± 0.04
|
Half Life | 60.55 ± 0.06 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.1 ± 0.4
|
Discovery Year | 1905 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 64.06% |
α (α emission) | 35.94% |
β−α (β−-delayed α emission) | 0.014% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 213 |
G-Factor | 0.822 ± 0.0015555555555556
|
Half Life | 45.6 ± 0.04 m
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.83 ± 0.05
|
Discovery Year | 1947 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 97.91% |
α (α emission) | 2.09% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 214 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 19.9 ± 0.4 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1904 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 99.979% |
α (α emission) | 0.021% |
β−α (β−-delayed α emission) | 0.003% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 215 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 7.62 ± 0.13 m
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1953 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 216 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.21 ± 0.04 m
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1989 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 217 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 98.5 ± 1.3 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1998 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 218 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 33 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 8 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1998 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 219 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.7 ± 2.9 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 220 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 9.5 ± 5.7 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 221 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 222 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 223 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 224 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Bismuth has been known since ancient times, so no one person is credited with its discovery. The element was confused in early times with tin and lead because of its resemblance to those elements. In 1753, French chemist Claude François Geoffroy demonstrated that this metal is distinct from lead and tin. From the German Weisse Masse, meaning white mass
Discoverers | Known to the ancients. |
---|---|
Discovery Location | |
Discovery Year | |
Etymology (Name Origin) | German: bisemutum, (white mass), Now spelled wismut. |
Pronunciation | BIZ-meth (English) |
1 | s | 1.6018 |
2 | p | 4.533 |
2 | s | 21.824 |
3 | d | 13.4585 |
3 | p | 23.0678 |
3 | s | 24.1145 |
4 | d | 37.7608 |
4 | f | 37.9308 |
4 | p | 36.1496 |
4 | s | 35.2928 |
5 | d | 58.756 |
5 | p | 53.979 |
5 | s | 51.971 |
6 | p | 69.6602 |
6 | s | 67.76 |