Atomic Number | 59 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 140.90766 |
Mass Number | 141 |
Group | |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | f |
Protons | 59 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 82 n0 |
Electrons | 59 e- |
Physical Properties | |
---|---|
Atomic Radius | 185 pm
|
Molar Volume | 20.8 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 176 pm
|
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | 99 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 113 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius |
240 pm
|
Density | 6.773 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.962 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 5.473 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 331 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 11.3 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 356.9 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f3 6s2 |
Oxidation States | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Electronegativity |
1.13
|
Electrophilicity | 1.1474513688760803 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 3,793.15 K
|
Melting Point | 1,204.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Praseodymium is a Silver. Pr has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #d9ffc7, and MOLCAS GV of #d9ffc7. The Appearance of Element 59 is grayish white. | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | grayish white |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 12.5 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000067 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 27.2 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.193 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 1.4 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.0000007 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.000000423 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000059604 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0028087
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Praseodymium is HEX. The lattice constant of Pr is 3.67 Å. The lattice angles of Element 59 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3. | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | 3.67 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Praseodymium has a Brinell of 481 MPa, and Vickers of 400 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Pr is 29 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 59 is 15 GPa. The Young Modulus of Praseodymium (Pr) is 37 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Praseodymium is 0.28. The Speed of Sound of Pr is 2280 m/s. | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | 29 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 15 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 37 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.28
|
Speed of Sound | 2,280 m/s
|
Classification | |
The Glawe Number of Praseodymium is 30. The Mendeleev Number of Pr is 17. The Pettifor Number of Element 59 is 31. The Geochemical Class of Praseodymium (Pr) is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Praseodymium is litophile. | |
Category | Lanthanides, Lanthanides |
CAS Group | |
IUPAC Group | |
Glawe Number | 30 |
Mendeleev Number | 17 |
Pettifor Number | 31 |
Geochemical Class | rare earth & related |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
The Dipole Polarizability of Praseodymium is 216 plus or minus 20 a₀. Pr has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 3760 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 59 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Praseodymium (Pr) is 11.4. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Praseodymium is 0.0029. The Quantum Numbers of Pr is 4I9/2. The Space Group of Element 59 is 194 (P63/mmc). | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 11.4
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0029
|
Quantum Numbers | 4I9/2 |
Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 1 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 40 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 40 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 121 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 12 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2005 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 122 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 123 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 124 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.2 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 125 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.3 ± 0.7 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2002 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 126 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.12 ± 0.18 s
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 127 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.2 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 128 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.85 ± 0.09 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 129 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 30 ± 4 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 130 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 40 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 131 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.5 ± 0.03 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 132 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.49 ± 0.11 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 133 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6.5 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 134 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 17 ± 2 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 135 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 24 ± 1 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 136 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 13.1 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1968 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 137 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.28 ± 0.03 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1958 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 138 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.45 ± 0.05 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 139 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.41 ± 0.04 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 140 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.39 ± 0.01 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
e+ (positron emission) | 48.7% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 51.3% |
Abundance | 100
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 141 |
G-Factor | 1.7064 ± 0.0012
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.077 ± 0.006
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 142 |
G-Factor | 0.117 ± 0.0005
|
Half Life | 19.12 ± 0.04 h
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.039 ± 0.017
|
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 0.0164% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 143 |
G-Factor | 0.77 ± 0.0014285714285714
|
Half Life | 13.57 ± 0.02 d
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.77 ± 0.16
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 144 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 17.28 ± 0.05 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 145 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.984 ± 0.01 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 146 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 24.09 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1953 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 147 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 13.39 ± 0.04 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 148 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.29 ± 0.02 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 149 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.26 ± 0.07 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 150 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6.19 ± 0.16 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 151 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 18.9 ± 0.07 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1990 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 152 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.57 ± 0.11 s
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 153 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.28 ± 0.11 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 154 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.3 ± 0.09 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1988 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 155 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.47 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 156 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 444 ± 6 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 157 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 307 ± 21 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2017 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 158 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 181 ± 14 ms
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2016 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 159 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 134 ± 43 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2017 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 160 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 170 ± 140 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2017 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 161 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Praseodymium was first identified in 1885, in Vienna, by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It was discovered in didymium, a substance incorrectly said by Carl Gustav Mosander to be a new element in 1841. Pure metallic praseodymium was first produced in 1931. From the Greek word prasios, green, and didymos, twin
Discoverers | C.F. Aver von Welsbach |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Austria |
Discovery Year | 1885 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: prasios and didymos (green twin); from its green salts. |
Pronunciation | pra-si-eh-DIM-i-em (English) |
1 | s | 1.1694 |
2 | p | 4.2306 |
2 | s | 15.538 |
3 | d | 13.8476 |
3 | p | 19.1756 |
3 | s | 19.499 |
4 | d | 32.7028 |
4 | f | 37.8992 |
4 | p | 29.9432 |
4 | s | 28.6668 |
5 | p | 43.7165 |
5 | s | 41.387 |
6 | s | 51.2534 |