Praseodymium (Pr)

Praseodymium is the 59th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Pr and atomic number of 59. It has an atomic weight of 140.90766 and a mass number of 141. Praseodymium has fifty-nine protons and eighty-two neutrons in its nucleus, and fifty-nine electrons in six shells. It is located in group Lanthanides, period six and block f of the periodic table. Soft silvery metallic element, belongs to the lanthanoids. Only natural isotope is Pr-141 which is not radioactive. Fourteen radioactive isotopes have been artificially produced. Used in rare-earth alloys. Discovered in 1885 by C.A. von Welsbach.

Atomic Number	59
Atomic Weight	140.90766
Mass Number	141

Group
Period	6
Block	f

Protons	59 p⁺
Neutrons	82 n⁰
Electrons	59 e^-

Animated Bohr Model of Pr (Praseodymium)

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	185 pm 286 pm
Molar Volume	20.8 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	176 pm 138 pm 128 pm 203 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius	99 pm 112.6 pm 117.9 pm 85 pm 96 pm
Crystal Radius	113 pm 126.6 pm 131.9 pm 99 pm 110 pm
Van der Waals Radius	240 pm 273 pm 360.6 pm
Density	6.773 g/cm³ 6,500 kg/m³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	0.962 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	5.473 eV/particle 10.55 eV/particle 21.6237 eV/particle 38.98 eV/particle 57.5 eV/particle 82 eV/particle 97 eV/particle 112 eV/particle 131 eV/particle 148 eV/particle 162 eV/particle 196 eV/particle 217.02 eV/particle 350 eV/particle 378 eV/particle 412 eV/particle 445 eV/particle 478 eV/particle 516 eV/particle 554 eV/particle 590 eV/particle 627 eV/particle 663 eV/particle 803 eV/particle 840 eV/particle 880 eV/particle 920 eV/particle 985 eV/particle 1,028 eV/particle 1,124 eV/particle 1,169.94 eV/particle 2,019 eV/particle 2,108 eV/particle 2,202 eV/particle 2,304 eV/particle 2,400 eV/particle 2,501 eV/particle 2,628 eV/particle 2,729 eV/particle 2,838 eV/particle 2,941 eV/particle 3,227 eV/particle 3,319 eV/particle 3,419 eV/particle 3,512 eV/particle 3,729 eV/particle 3,832 eV/particle 4,030 eV/particle 4,130 eV/particle 9,378 eV/particle 9,632 eV/particle 9,913 eV/particle 10,175 eV/particle 10,959 eV/particle 11,262 eV/particle 11,641 eV/particle 11,895.89 eV/particle 48,571.71 eV/particle 49,722.2 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	331 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	11.3 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	356.9 kJ/mol
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2

Valence Electrons	2 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f³ 6s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 4f³ 6s²

Oxidation States	0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Electronegativity	0.17208 1.13
Electrophilicity Index	1.1474513688760803 eV/particle
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	3,793.15 K
Melting Point	1,204.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Praseodymium is a Silver. Pr has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #d9ffc7, and MOLCAS GV of #d9ffc7. The Appearance of Element 59 is grayish white.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #d9ffc7 #d9ffc7
Appearance	grayish white
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	12.5 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000067 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	27.2 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.193 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	1.4 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000007 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.000000423 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000059604 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0028087
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Praseodymium is HEX. The lattice constant of Pr is 3.67 Å. The lattice angles of Element 59 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
Lattice Constant	3.67 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties
Praseodymium has a Brinell of 481 MPa, and Vickers of 400 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Pr is 29 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 59 is 15 GPa. The Young Modulus of Praseodymium (Pr) is 37 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Praseodymium is 0.28. The Speed of Sound of Pr is 2280 m/s.
Hardness	481 MPa 400 MPa
Bulk Modulus	29 GPa
Shear Modulus	15 GPa
Young's Modulus	37 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.28
Speed of Sound	2,280 m/s
Classification
The Glawe Number of Praseodymium is 30. The Mendeleev Number of Pr is 17. The Pettifor Number of Element 59 is 31. The Geochemical Class of Praseodymium (Pr) is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Praseodymium is litophile.
Category	Lanthanides, Lanthanides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	30
Mendeleev Number	17
Pettifor Number	31
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt Class	litophile

Other

The Dipole Polarizability of Praseodymium is 216 plus or minus 20 a₀. Pr has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 3760 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 59 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Praseodymium (Pr) is 11.4. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Praseodymium is 0.0029. The Quantum Numbers of Pr is 4I9/2. The Space Group of Element 59 is 194 (P63/mmc).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	216 ± 20 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	3,760 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	11.4
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0029
Quantum Numbers	4I9/2
Space Group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Praseodymium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	40
Natural Isotopes	1

¹²¹Pr

Mass Number	121
Neutron Number	62
Relative Atomic Mass	120.955393 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	12 ± 5 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2005
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	100%

¹²²Pr

Mass Number	122
Neutron Number	63
Relative Atomic Mass	121.951927 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹²³Pr

Mass Number	123
Neutron Number	64
Relative Atomic Mass	122.946076 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹²⁴Pr

Mass Number	124
Neutron Number	65
Relative Atomic Mass	123.94294 ± 0.00043 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.2 ± 0.2 s
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1986
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹²⁵Pr

Mass Number	125
Neutron Number	66
Relative Atomic Mass	124.937659 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.3 ± 0.7 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2002
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹²⁶Pr

Mass Number	126
Neutron Number	67
Relative Atomic Mass	125.93524 ± 0.00021 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.12 ± 0.18 s
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1983
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹²⁷Pr

Mass Number	127
Neutron Number	68
Relative Atomic Mass	126.93071 ± 0.00021 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.2 ± 0.3 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1995
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁸Pr

Mass Number	128
Neutron Number	69
Relative Atomic Mass	127.928791 ± 0.000032 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.85 ± 0.09 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹²⁹Pr

Mass Number	129
Neutron Number	70
Relative Atomic Mass	128.925095 ± 0.000032 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	30 ± 4 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁰Pr

Mass Number	130
Neutron Number	71
Relative Atomic Mass	129.92359 ± 0.000069 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	40 ± 0.4 s
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³¹Pr

Mass Number	131
Neutron Number	72
Relative Atomic Mass	130.92023496 ± 0.000050451 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.5 ± 0.03 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³²Pr

Mass Number	132
Neutron Number	73
Relative Atomic Mass	131.91924 ± 0.000031 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.49 ± 0.11 m
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1974
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³³Pr

Mass Number	133
Neutron Number	74
Relative Atomic Mass	132.916330558 ± 0.000013416 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.5 ± 0.3 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁴Pr

Mass Number	134
Neutron Number	75
Relative Atomic Mass	133.915696729 ± 0.00002181 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	17 ± 2 m
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁵Pr

Mass Number	135
Neutron Number	76
Relative Atomic Mass	134.913111772 ± 0.000012686 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	24 ± 1 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1954
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁶Pr

Mass Number	136
Neutron Number	77
Relative Atomic Mass	135.91267747 ± 0.000012296 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	13.1 ± 0.1 m
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁷Pr

Mass Number	137
Neutron Number	78
Relative Atomic Mass	136.910679183 ± 0.000008733 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.28 ± 0.03 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1958
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁸Pr

Mass Number	138
Neutron Number	79
Relative Atomic Mass	137.910757495 ± 0.000010748 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.45 ± 0.05 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁹Pr

Mass Number	139
Neutron Number	80
Relative Atomic Mass	138.9089327 ± 0.000003917 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.41 ± 0.04 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁰Pr

Mass Number	140
Neutron Number	81
Relative Atomic Mass	139.9090856 ± 0.000006593 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.39 ± 0.01 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	48.7%
ϵ (electron capture)	51.3%

¹⁴¹Pr

Mass Number	141
Neutron Number	82
Relative Atomic Mass	140.907659604 ± 0.000001607 Da
G-Factor	1.7064 ± 0.0012
Abundance	100
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.077 ± 0.006
Discovery Year	1924
Parity	+

¹⁴²Pr

Mass Number	142
Neutron Number	83
Relative Atomic Mass	141.91005164 ± 0.000001607 Da
G-Factor	0.117 ± 0.0005
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	19.12 ± 0.04 h
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment	0.039 ± 0.017
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	0.0164%

¹⁴³Pr

Mass Number	143
Neutron Number	84
Relative Atomic Mass	142.910822624 ± 0.000001949 Da
G-Factor	0.77 ± 0.0014285714285714
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	13.57 ± 0.02 d
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.77 ± 0.16
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁴Pr

Mass Number	144
Neutron Number	85
Relative Atomic Mass	143.913310682 ± 0.000002907 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	17.28 ± 0.05 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁵Pr

Mass Number	145
Neutron Number	86
Relative Atomic Mass	144.914517987 ± 0.000007674 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.984 ± 0.01 h
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1954
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁶Pr

Mass Number	146
Neutron Number	87
Relative Atomic Mass	145.91768763 ± 0.000036882 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	24.09 ± 0.1 m
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1953
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁷Pr

Mass Number	147
Neutron Number	88
Relative Atomic Mass	146.919007438 ± 0.00001702 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	13.39 ± 0.04 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1964
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁸Pr

Mass Number	148
Neutron Number	89
Relative Atomic Mass	147.922129992 ± 0.000016147 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.29 ± 0.02 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1964
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁹Pr

Mass Number	149
Neutron Number	90
Relative Atomic Mass	148.9237361 ± 0.0000106 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.26 ± 0.07 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1964
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁰Pr

Mass Number	150
Neutron Number	91
Relative Atomic Mass	149.926676391 ± 0.000009677 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.19 ± 0.16 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵¹Pr

Mass Number	151
Neutron Number	92
Relative Atomic Mass	150.928309066 ± 0.000012506 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	18.9 ± 0.07 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1990
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵²Pr

Mass Number	152
Neutron Number	93
Relative Atomic Mass	151.9315529 ± 0.0000199 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.57 ± 0.11 s
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1983
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵³Pr

Mass Number	153
Neutron Number	94
Relative Atomic Mass	152.933903511 ± 0.000012755 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.28 ± 0.11 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1987
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁵⁴Pr

Mass Number	154
Neutron Number	95
Relative Atomic Mass	153.937885165 ± 0.00010736 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.3 ± 0.09 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1988
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁵⁵Pr

Mass Number	155
Neutron Number	96
Relative Atomic Mass	154.940509193 ± 0.000018462 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.47 ± 0.3 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1992
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁵⁶Pr

Mass Number	156
Neutron Number	97
Relative Atomic Mass	155.9447669 ± 0.0000011 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	444 ± 6 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1992
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁵⁷Pr

Mass Number	157
Neutron Number	98
Relative Atomic Mass	156.9480031 ± 0.0000034 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	307 ± 21 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2017
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁵⁸Pr

Mass Number	158
Neutron Number	99
Relative Atomic Mass	157.952603 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	181 ± 14 ms
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2016
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁵⁹Pr

Mass Number	159
Neutron Number	100
Relative Atomic Mass	158.956232 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	134 ± 43 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2017
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁶⁰Pr

Mass Number	160
Neutron Number	101
Relative Atomic Mass	159.961138 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	170 ± 140 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2017
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁶¹Pr

Mass Number	161
Neutron Number	102
Relative Atomic Mass	160.965121 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

History

Praseodymium was first identified in 1885, in Vienna, by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It was discovered in didymium, a substance incorrectly said by Carl Gustav Mosander to be a new element in 1841. Pure metallic praseodymium was first produced in 1931. From the Greek word prasios, green, and didymos, twin

Discoverers	C.F. Aver von Welsbach
Discovery Location	Austria
Discovery Year	1885
Etymology (Name Origin)	Greek: prasios and didymos (green twin); from its green salts.
Pronunciation	pra-si-eh-DIM-i-em (English)

Praseodymium is considered to be moderately toxic

Praseodymium is usually stored under a light mineral oil or sealed in glass

Uses

Praseodymium is used as an alloying agent with magnesium to create high-strength metals that are used in aircraft engines. Misch metal, used in making cigarette lighters, contains about 5% praseodymium metal. Praseodymium is used to make specialized yellow glass goggles for glass blowers and welders. Used with neodymium to make lenses for glass maker's goggles since it filters out the yellow light present in glass blowing. Alloyed with magnesium creates a high-strength metal used in aircraft engines. Makes up 5% of Mich metal.

Sources

Obtained from same salts as neodymium.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	9.2 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)	0.00000064 mg/L
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.0000098 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.0000001 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0000002 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.1694
2	p	4.2306
2	s	15.538
3	d	13.8476
3	p	19.1756
3	s	19.499
4	d	32.7028
4	f	37.8992
4	p	29.9432
4	s	28.6668
5	p	43.7165
5	s	41.387
6	s	51.2534

Also Known As

Pr
element 59
59Pr

Translations

GermanPraseodym
Russianпразеодим
Dutchpraseodymium
Frenchpraséodyme
Italianpraseodimio
Amharicፕራሲዮዲሚየም
Arabicبراسوديميوم
AzerbaijaniPrazeodim
BelarusianПразеадым
Bulgarianпразеодим
Banglaপ্রাসিওডিমিয়াম
Bosnianprazeodij
Catalanpraseodimi
CorsicanPraseodimiu
Czechpraseodym
ChuvashПразеодим
WelshPraseodymiwm
Danishpraseodym
Greekπρασεοδύμιο
Esperantoprazeodimo
Spanishpraseodimio
EstonianPraseodüüm
Basquepraseodimio
Persianپرازئودیمیم
Finnishpraseodyymi
FriulianPraseodimi
Irishpraiséidimiam
GalicianPraseodimio
ManxPrashodymmium
Hakka Chinesepraseodymium
Hebrewפרסאודימיום
Hindiप्रासियोडाइमियम
Fiji HindiPraseodymium
CroatianPraseodimij
Hungarianprazeodímium
Armenianպրազեդիում
InterlinguaPraseodymium
Indonesianpraseodimium
IdoPrazeodimio
Japaneseプラセオジム
Lojbanjinmrprase,odimi
JavanesePraseodimium
Georgianპრაზეოდიმიუმი
Kannadaಪ್ರೇಸಿಯೊಡೈಮಿಯಮ್
Korean프라세오디뮴
KomiПразеодим
Latinpraseodymium
LuxembourgishPraseodym
LigurianPraseodimio
LithuanianPrazeodimis
Latvianprazeodīms
Malayalamപ്രസിയോഡൈമിയം
Marathiप्रासिओडायमियम
Western MariПразеодим
MalayPraseodimium
Burmeseပရာဆီယိုဒိုင်ယမ်
Norwegian Nynorskpraseodym
Polishprazeodym
Western Panjabiپریزیڈومیم
Portuguesepraseodímio
QuechuaPraseodimyu
Romanianpraseodim
YakutПразеодимиум
Sicilianprasiudimiu
Serbo-CroatianPrazeodijum
Slovakprazeodým
SlovenianPrazeodim
Serbianпразеодијум
Saterland FrisianPraseodymium
Swedishpraseodym
Tamilபிரசியோடைமியம்
Thaiเพรซีโอดิเมียม
TurkishPraseodim
Uyghurپرازېئودىمىي
Ukrainianпразеодим
UrduPraseodymium
VepsPrazeodim
Vietnamesepraseodymi
WarayPraseodimyo
KalmykПразеодим
YorubaPraseodymium
Chinese镨
Norwegian Bokmålpraseodym
CebuanoPraseodymyo
Central Kurdishپرازیۆدیمیۆم
KazakhПразеодим
MacedonianПразеодиум
BretonPrazeodimiom
Gujaratiપ્રેસિયોડિમિયમ
Odiaପ୍ରାସିଓଡ଼ାଇମିଅମ
OccitanPraseodimi
PiedmontesePraseodimi
TatarПразеодим
ErzyaПразеодим
Cantonese鐠
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Празэадым
AlbanianPraseodimi
UzbekPrazeodim
AromanianPraseodimu
KyrgyzПразеодим
LimburgishPraseodymium
Newariप्रासियोडाइमियम
Sanskritप्रासियोडाइमियम
Malteseprasedimju
Scottish GaelicPrasodimium
Portuguese (Brazil)praseodímio
Nepaliप्रासियोडाइमियम
Paliप्रासियोडाइमियम
Teluguప్రాసియోడిమియం
cdoPraseodymium
Min Nan ChinesePraseodymium
AsturianPraseodimiu
Bhojpuriप्रासियोडाइमियम
AfrikaansPraseodimium
Punjabiਪ੍ਰੇਜ਼ੀਓਡੀਮੀਅਮ
TagalogPraseodimyo
Tajikпразеодим
Literary Chinese鐠
kbpPrasɛyɔdɩmɩ
Lingua Franca Novapraseodimio
oloPrazeodiimu
Mongolianпразеодим
Wu Chinese镨
Northern FrisianPraseodüüm
Chinese (Traditional)鐠
Chinese (Taiwan)鐠
Chinese (Simplified)镨
SwahiliPraseodimi
SardinianPraseodìmiu
Moroccan Arabicپراسيوديم
BashkirПразеодим
Egyptian Arabicبراسوديميوم
Pashtoپراسيوديموميم
CornishPraseodymiom
BalinesePraséodimium
IcelandicPraseódým

Praseodymium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3561
CAS Registry Number	7440-10-0
ChEBI ID	49828
ChemSpider ID	22384
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID2047648
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID4064684
Den Store Danske ID	praseodym
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.291
Elhuyar ZTH ID	030065
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/praseodymium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	praseodyme
Freebase ID	/m/025sc08
GND ID	4175591-1
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0134006
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	3173701
InChI	InChI=1S/Pr
InChIKey	PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Praseodymium
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85106095
MeSH descriptor ID	D011221
Namuwiki ID	프라세오디뮴
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007531660105171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	342115
OpenAlex ID	C537997061
PubChem CID	23942
Quora topic ID	Praseodymium
RxNorm ID	1311481
Römpp online ID	RD-16-03954
Store norske leksikon ID	praseodym
Treccani ID	praseodimio
UNII	NKN7EZA750
USGS Thesaurus ID	1545
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14675391-n

Praseodymium (Pr)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Praseodymium

121Pr

122Pr

123Pr

124Pr

125Pr

126Pr

127Pr

128Pr

129Pr

130Pr

131Pr

132Pr

133Pr

134Pr

135Pr

136Pr

137Pr

138Pr

139Pr

140Pr

141Pr

142Pr

143Pr

144Pr

145Pr

146Pr

147Pr

148Pr

149Pr

150Pr

151Pr

152Pr

153Pr

154Pr

155Pr

156Pr

157Pr

158Pr

159Pr

160Pr

161Pr