Гадолиний

Гадолиний (Gd)

element with the atomic number of 64
Atomic Number64
Atomic Weight157.25
mass number158
Group
Period6
Blockf
Протон64 p+
Нейтрон94 n0
Электрон64 e-
Animated Bohr model of Gd (Гадолиний)

Physical Property

Атомдук Радиус
180 pm
molar volume
covalent radius
169 pm
Metallic Radius
ionic radius
93,8 pm
Crystal Radius
107,8 pm
Van der Waals radius
234 pm
density
7,9 g/cm³
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Гадолиний0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240pmАтомдук РадиусCovalent RadiusMetallic RadiusVan der Waals radius

Chemical Property

энергия
proton affinity
electron affinity
ionization energy
6,149796 eV/particle
ionization energy of Gd (Гадолиний)
enthalpy of vaporization
398 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion
standard enthalpy of formation
397,5 kJ/mol
Электрон
electron shell2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Bohr model: Gd (Гадолиний)
valence electron2
Lewis structure: Gd (Гадолиний)
electron configuration[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 4f7 5d1 6s2
Enhanced Bohr model of Gd (Гадолиний)
Orbital Diagram of Gd (Гадолиний)
oxidation number0, 1, 2, 3
electronegativity
1.2
Electrophilicity Index
fundamental state of matter
phase of matterSolid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point
3 546,15 K
Melting Point
1 586,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
Түс –
Silver
appearancesilvery white
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity
thermal expansion
0,0000094 1/K
molar heat capacity
37,03 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity
0,236 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
electrical conductivity
0,77 MS/m
electrical resistivity
0,0000013 m Ω
superconductivity
Магнетизм
typeferromagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
292 K
Néel temperature
түзүм
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal (HEX)
lattice constant
3,64 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness
bulk modulus
38 GPa
shear modulus
22 GPa
Young's modulus
55 GPa
Poisson's ratio
0,26
speed of sound
2 680 m/s
classification
CategoryLanthanides, Lanthanides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number26
Mendeleev Number27
Pettifor Number27
Geochemical Classrare earth & related
Литофиль элементтериlitophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability
158 ± 20 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
allotrope
Neutron cross section
49 000
Neutron Mass Absorption
7,3
Кванттык сандар9D2
space group194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Gadolinium

Stable Isotopes5
Unstable Isotopes35
Natural Isotopes7
Isotopic Composition15824.84%15824.84%16021.86%16021.86%15620.47%15620.47%15514.80%15514.80%15715.65%15715.65%1542.18%1542.18%1520.20%1520.20%

133Gd

mass number133
neutron number69
relative atomic mass
132,961288 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)

134Gd

mass number134
neutron number70
relative atomic mass
133,955416 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)

135Gd

mass number135
neutron number71
relative atomic mass
134,952496 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
1,1 ± 0,2 s
Спин5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1996
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)2%

136Gd

mass number136
neutron number72
relative atomic mass
135,9473 ± 0,00032 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention2000
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)

137Gd

mass number137
neutron number73
relative atomic mass
136,94502 ± 0,00032 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
2,2 ± 0,2 s
Спин7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1999
parity

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)

138Gd

mass number138
neutron number74
relative atomic mass
137,940247 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
4,7 ± 0,9 s
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1985
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

139Gd

mass number139
neutron number75
relative atomic mass
138,93813 ± 0,00021 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
5,7 ± 0,3 s
Спин9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1983
parity-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)

140Gd

mass number140
neutron number76
relative atomic mass
139,933674 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
15,8 ± 0,4 s
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1985
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
e+ (positron emission)67%
ϵ (electron capture)33%

141Gd

mass number141
neutron number77
relative atomic mass
140,932126 ± 0,000021213 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
14 ± 4 s
Спин1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1986
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)0.03%

142Gd

mass number142
neutron number78
relative atomic mass
141,928116 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
70,2 ± 0,6 s
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1986
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
ϵ (electron capture)52%
e+ (positron emission)48%

143Gd

mass number143
neutron number79
relative atomic mass
142,926750678 ± 0,000215032 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
39 ± 2 s
Спин1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1975
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)
β+α (β+-delayed α emission)

144Gd

mass number144
neutron number80
relative atomic mass
143,922963 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
4,47 ± 0,06 m
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1968
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

145Gd

mass number145
neutron number81
relative atomic mass
144,921710051 ± 0,000021165 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
23 ± 0,4 m
Спин1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1959
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

146Gd

mass number146
neutron number82
relative atomic mass
145,918318513 ± 0,000004376 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
48,27 ± 0,09 d
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1957
parity+

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

147Gd

mass number147
neutron number83
relative atomic mass
146,919101014 ± 0,000002025 Da
g-factor
0,29142857142857 ± 0,025714285714286
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
38,06 ± 0,12 h
Спин7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1957
parity-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

148Gd

mass number148
neutron number84
relative atomic mass
147,918121414 ± 0,000001566 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
71,3 ± 1 y
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1953
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
+ (double β+ decay)

149Gd

mass number149
neutron number85
relative atomic mass
148,919347666 ± 0,000003553 Da
g-factor
0,25142857142857 ± 0,011428571428571
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
9,28 ± 0,1 d
Спин7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1951
parity-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)4.3%

150Gd

mass number150
neutron number86
relative atomic mass
149,918663949 ± 0,0000065 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
1,79 ± 0,08 My
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1953
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
+ (double β+ decay)

151Gd

mass number151
neutron number87
relative atomic mass
150,920354922 ± 0,000003212 Da
g-factor
0,22 ± 0,017142857142857
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
123,9 ± 1 d
Спин7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1950
parity-

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%
α (α emission)1.1%

152Gd

mass number152
neutron number88
relative atomic mass
151,919798414 ± 0,000001081 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
0,2 ± 0,03
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
108 ± 8 Ty
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1938
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
+ (double β+ decay)

153Gd

mass number153
neutron number89
relative atomic mass
152,921756945 ± 0,000001075 Da
g-factor
0,25333333333333 ± 0,053333333333333
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
240,6 ± 0,7 d
Спин3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1947
parity-

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

154Gd

mass number154
neutron number90
relative atomic mass
153,920872974 ± 0,000001066 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
2,18 ± 0,02
Радиоактивдүүлүкstable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1938
parity+

155Gd

mass number155
neutron number91
relative atomic mass
154,922629356 ± 0,000001055 Da
g-factor
-0,17273333333333 ± 0,00026666666666667
natural abundance
14,8 ± 0,09
Радиоактивдүүлүкstable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
Спин3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
1,27 ± 0,03
time of discovery or invention1933
parity-

156Gd

mass number156
neutron number92
relative atomic mass
155,92213012 ± 0,000001054 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
20,47 ± 0,03
Радиоактивдүүлүкstable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1933
parity+

157Gd

mass number157
neutron number93
relative atomic mass
156,923967424 ± 0,000001048 Da
g-factor
-0,22653333333333 ± 0,0004
natural abundance
15,65 ± 0,04
Радиоактивдүүлүкstable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
Спин3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
1,35 ± 0,03
time of discovery or invention1933
parity-

158Gd

mass number158
neutron number94
relative atomic mass
157,9241112 ± 0,000001048 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
24,84 ± 0,08
Радиоактивдүүлүкstable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1933
parity+

159Gd

mass number159
neutron number95
relative atomic mass
158,926395822 ± 0,000001051 Da
g-factor
-0,29333333333333 ± 0,02
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
18,479 ± 0,004 h
Спин3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1949
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

160Gd

mass number160
neutron number96
relative atomic mass
159,927061202 ± 0,000001206 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
21,86 ± 0,03
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1933
parity+

decay modeintensity
(double β decay)

161Gd

mass number161
neutron number97
relative atomic mass
160,929676267 ± 0,000001614 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
3,646 ± 0,003 m
Спин5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1949
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

162Gd

mass number162
neutron number98
relative atomic mass
161,930991812 ± 0,000004254 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
8,4 ± 0,2 m
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1967
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

163Gd

mass number163
neutron number99
relative atomic mass
162,93409664 ± 0,000000855 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
68 ± 3 s
Спин7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1982
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

164Gd

mass number164
neutron number100
relative atomic mass
163,935916193 ± 0,000001073 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
45 ± 3 s
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1988
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

165Gd

mass number165
neutron number101
relative atomic mass
164,93931708 ± 0,0000014 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
11,6 ± 1 s
Спин1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1998
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

166Gd

mass number166
neutron number102
relative atomic mass
165,941630413 ± 0,0000017 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
5,1 ± 0,8 s
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention2005
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

167Gd

mass number167
neutron number103
relative atomic mass
166,945490012 ± 0,000005596 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
4,2 ± 0,3 s
Спин5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention2012
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

168Gd

mass number168
neutron number104
relative atomic mass
167,948309 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
3,03 ± 0,16 s
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1985
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

169Gd

mass number169
neutron number105
relative atomic mass
168,952882 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
750 ± 210 ms
Спин7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention2012
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

170Gd

mass number170
neutron number106
relative atomic mass
169,956146 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
420 ± 130 ms
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention2012
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

171Gd

mass number171
neutron number107
relative atomic mass
170,961127 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention2018
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

172Gd

mass number172
neutron number108
relative atomic mass
171,964605 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Радиоактивдүүлүк☢️ Радиоактивдүү элементтер —
half-life
Спин0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention2018
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
Gadolinium

тарых

discoverer or inventorJean de Marignac
location of discoverySwitzerland
time of discovery or invention1880
ЭтимологияNamed after the mineral gadolinite.
pronunciationGAD-eh-LIN-i-em (англисче)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
6,2 mg/kg
natural abundance (Океан)
0,0000007 mg/L
natural abundance (human body)
natural abundance (meteoroid)
0,000023 %
natural abundance (Күн)
0,0000002 %
Abundance in Universe
0,0000002 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s1.2565
2p4.2946
2s16.783
3d13.723
3p19.8508
3s20.2903
4d34.3664
4f38.9864
4p31.3532
4s30.556
5p47.236
5s45.118
6s55.7854