Hafnium (Hf)

grundstof med atomnummer 72

Atomnummer	72
Atommasse	178.49
mass number	180

Gruppe	4
Periode	6
Blok	d

proton	72 p⁺
neutron	108 n⁰
elektron	72 e^-

Animated Bohrs atommodel of Hf (Hafnium)

Fysisk Egenskab

Atomradius	155 pm 264 pm
molar volume	13,6 cm³/mol
Kovalent Radius	152 pm 128 pm 122 pm 175 pm
Metallic Radius	144 pm 159 pm
Ionisk radius	58 pm 71 pm 76 pm 83 pm
Crystal Radius	72 pm 85 pm 90 pm 97 pm
Van der Waals-radius	225 pm 223 pm 253 pm 314,1 pm
massefylde	13,3 g/cm³ 12.000 kg/m³

Kemisk Egenskab

{ERROR}

energi

proton affinity
electron affinity	0,014 eV/particle
ioniseringsenergi	6,82507 eV/particle 15 eV/particle 23,28 eV/particle 33,37 eV/particle 68,375 eV/particle 98 eV/particle 118 eV/particle 138 eV/particle 157 eV/particle 187 eV/particle 209 eV/particle 230 eV/particle 270 eV/particle 310 eV/particle 334 eV/particle 359 eV/particle 399 eV/particle 440 eV/particle 481 eV/particle 520 eV/particle 560 eV/particle 610 eV/particle 650 eV/particle 690 eV/particle 730 eV/particle 772 eV/particle 1.002 eV/particle 1.047 eV/particle 1.094 eV/particle 1.146 eV/particle 1.195 eV/particle 1.245 eV/particle 1.311 eV/particle 1.362 eV/particle 1.417 eV/particle 1.467 eV/particle 1.669 eV/particle 1.719 eV/particle 1.776 eV/particle 1.827 eV/particle 1.963 eV/particle 2.022 eV/particle 2.159 eV/particle 2.218,9 eV/particle 3.741 eV/particle 3.858 eV/particle 3.984 eV/particle 4.118 eV/particle 4.246 eV/particle 4.372 eV/particle 4.573 eV/particle 4.703 eV/particle 4.846 eV/particle 4.980 eV/particle 5.350 eV/particle 5.468 eV/particle 5.595 eV/particle 5.713 eV/particle 6.149 eV/particle 6.284 eV/particle 6.545 eV/particle 6.674 eV/particle 14.678 eV/particle 14.999 eV/particle 15.351 eV/particle 15.680 eV/particle 17.280 eV/particle 17.680 eV/particle 18.180 eV/particle 18.502,32 eV/particle 74.565,93 eV/particle 76.077,8 eV/particle

Fordampningsvarme	575 kJ/mol
smeltevarme	25,1 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	618,4 kJ/mol
elektron

Elektronskal	2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2

Valenselektron	2 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²

Oxidationstrin	-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektronegativitet	6,83 eV/particle 0.229987 1.3
Electrophilicity Index	0,8583981383413326 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

stoffase
gaseous state of matter
Kogepunkt	4.873,15 K
Smeltepunkt	2.506,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
appearance
farve	Sort #ff1493 #4dc2ff #4dc2ff
appearance	steel gray
Brydningsindeks
materialeegenskab
Varmeledningsevne	23 W/(m K)
Termisk ekspansion	0,0000059 1/K
molar heat capacity	25,73 J/(mol K)
Varmefylde	0,144 J/(g⋅K)
Adiabateksponenten
electrical properties
type	Conductor
specifik ledningsevne	3,3 MS/m
Elektrisk resistivitet	0,0000003 Ω*m
superledning	0,128 K
Magnetisme
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0,0000000053 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0,000000000946 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0,0000705
magnetic ordering
Curietemperaturen
Néel temperature
struktur
Krystalstruktur	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3,2 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hårdhed	1.700 MPa 5,5 MPa 1.760 MPa
Kompressibilitetsmodul	110 GPa
Forskydningsmodul	30 GPa
E-modul	78 GPa
Poissons forhold	0,37
speed of sound	3.010 m/s
klassificering
Kategori	Actinider, Transition metals
CAS Group	IVA
IUPAC Group	IVB
Glawe Number	50
Mendeleev Number	45
Pettifor Number	50
Geochemical Class	high field strength
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

øvrige

Gas Basicity
polarizability	103 ± 6 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	1.040 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	104
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,02
quantum number	3F2
rumgruppe	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Hafnium

Stable Isotopes	5
Unstable Isotopes	33
Natural Isotopes	6

¹⁵³Hf

mass number	153
neutron number	81
Relative Atomic Mass	152,970692 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	2000
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁵⁴Hf

mass number	154
neutron number	82
Relative Atomic Mass	153,964863 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	2 ± 1 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1981
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0%

¹⁵⁵Hf

mass number	155
neutron number	83
Relative Atomic Mass	154,963167 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	843 ± 30 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1981
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)

¹⁵⁶Hf

mass number	156
neutron number	84
Relative Atomic Mass	155,959399083 ± 0,000160752 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	23 ± 1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1979
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁵⁷Hf

mass number	157
neutron number	85
Relative Atomic Mass	156,958288 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	115 ± 1 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1965
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	94%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	14%

¹⁵⁸Hf

mass number	158
neutron number	86
Relative Atomic Mass	157,954801217 ± 0,00001878 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	2,85 ± 0,07 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1965
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	55.7%
α (α emission)	44.3%

¹⁵⁹Hf

mass number	159
neutron number	87
Relative Atomic Mass	158,953995837 ± 0,000018049 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	5,2 ± 0,1 s
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1973
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	65%
α (α emission)	35%

¹⁶⁰Hf

mass number	160
neutron number	88
Relative Atomic Mass	159,950682728 ± 0,000010241 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	13,6 ± 0,2 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1973
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.3%
α (α emission)	0.7%

¹⁶¹Hf

mass number	161
neutron number	89
Relative Atomic Mass	160,950277927 ± 0,000025174 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	18,4 ± 0,4 s
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1973
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.71%
α (α emission)	0.29%

¹⁶²Hf

mass number	162
neutron number	90
Relative Atomic Mass	161,947215526 ± 0,00000961 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	39,4 ± 0,9 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1982
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.992%
α (α emission)	0.008%

¹⁶³Hf

mass number	163
neutron number	91
Relative Atomic Mass	162,947107211 ± 0,000027582 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	40 ± 0,6 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1982
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)

¹⁶⁴Hf

mass number	164
neutron number	92
Relative Atomic Mass	163,944370709 ± 0,000016975 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	111 ± 8 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1981
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁵Hf

mass number	165
neutron number	93
Relative Atomic Mass	164,944567 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	76 ± 4 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1981
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁶Hf

mass number	166
neutron number	94
Relative Atomic Mass	165,94218 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	6,77 ± 0,3 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1965
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁷Hf

mass number	167
neutron number	95
Relative Atomic Mass	166,9426 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	2,05 ± 0,05 m
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1969
Paritet

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁸Hf

mass number	168
neutron number	96
Relative Atomic Mass	167,940568 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	25,95 ± 0,2 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1961
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	98%
e⁺ (positron emission)	2%

¹⁶⁹Hf

mass number	169
neutron number	97
Relative Atomic Mass	168,941259 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	3,24 ± 0,04 m
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1969
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁰Hf

mass number	170
neutron number	98
Relative Atomic Mass	169,939609 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	16,01 ± 0,13 h
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1961
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷¹Hf

mass number	171
neutron number	99
Relative Atomic Mass	170,940492 ± 0,000031 Da
g-factor	-0,19257142857143 ± 0,0034285714285714
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	12,1 ± 0,4 h
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	3,46 ± 0,03
opdagelsesdato	1951
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷²Hf

mass number	172
neutron number	100
Relative Atomic Mass	171,939449716 ± 0,000026224 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	1,87 ± 0,03 y
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1951
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷³Hf

mass number	173
neutron number	101
Relative Atomic Mass	172,940513 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor	1,004 ± 0,014
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	23,6 ± 0,1 h
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1951
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁴Hf

mass number	174
neutron number	102
Relative Atomic Mass	173,940048377 ± 0,000002425 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0,16 ± 0,12
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	2 ± 0,4 Py
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1939
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

¹⁷⁵Hf

mass number	175
neutron number	103
Relative Atomic Mass	174,941511424 ± 0,00000245 Da
g-factor	-0,2708 ± 0,0036
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	70,65 ± 0,19 d
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	2,72 ± 0,02
opdagelsesdato	1949
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷⁶Hf

mass number	176
neutron number	104
Relative Atomic Mass	175,941409797 ± 0,000001591 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	5,26 ± 0,7
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1934
Paritet	+

¹⁷⁷Hf

mass number	177
neutron number	105
Relative Atomic Mass	176,943230187 ± 0,000001514 Da
g-factor	0,226 ± 0,00025714285714286
natural abundance	18,6 ± 0,16
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	3,37 ± 0,03
opdagelsesdato	1934
Paritet	-

¹⁷⁸Hf

mass number	178
neutron number	106
Relative Atomic Mass	177,943708322 ± 0,000001519 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	27,28 ± 0,28
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1934
Paritet	+

¹⁷⁹Hf

mass number	179
neutron number	107
Relative Atomic Mass	178,945825705 ± 0,00000152 Da
g-factor	-0,14197777777778 ± 0,00031111111111111
natural abundance	13,62 ± 0,11
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	3,79 ± 0,03
opdagelsesdato	1934
Paritet	+

¹⁸⁰Hf

mass number	180
neutron number	108
Relative Atomic Mass	179,946559537 ± 0,000001525 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	35,08 ± 0,33
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1934
Paritet	+

¹⁸¹Hf

mass number	181
neutron number	109
Relative Atomic Mass	180,949110834 ± 0,000001527 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	42,39 ± 0,06 d
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1935
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸²Hf

mass number	182
neutron number	110
Relative Atomic Mass	181,950563684 ± 0,000006619 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	8,9 ± 0,09 My
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1961
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸³Hf

mass number	183
neutron number	111
Relative Atomic Mass	182,953533203 ± 0,000032251 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	1,018 ± 0,002 h
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1956
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁴Hf

mass number	184
neutron number	112
Relative Atomic Mass	183,955448507 ± 0,000042625 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	4,12 ± 0,05 h
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1973
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁵Hf

mass number	185
neutron number	113
Relative Atomic Mass	184,958862 ± 0,000069 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	3,5 ± 0,6 m
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1993
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁶Hf

mass number	186
neutron number	114
Relative Atomic Mass	185,960897 ± 0,000055 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	2,6 ± 1,2 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1998
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁷Hf

mass number	187
neutron number	115
Relative Atomic Mass	186,964573 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1999
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁸⁸Hf

mass number	188
neutron number	116
Relative Atomic Mass	187,966903 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1999
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁸⁹Hf

mass number	189
neutron number	117
Relative Atomic Mass	188,970853 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2009
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁹⁰Hf

mass number	190
neutron number	118
Relative Atomic Mass	189,973376 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	2012
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

historie

opdager eller opfinder	Dirk Coster, Georg von Hevesy
fundsted	Denmark
opdagelsesdato	1923
etymologi	From Hafnia, the Latin name of Copenhagen.
udtale	HAF-ni-em (engelsk)

source

Forekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust	3 mg/kg
natural abundance (verdenshave)	0,000007 mg/L
natural abundance (menneskelige krop)
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	0,000017 %
natural abundance (Solen)	0,0000001 %
Abundance in Universe	0,00000007 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.3984
2	p	4.4012
2	s	18.8102
3	d	13.5702
3	p	21.0168
3	s	21.6885
4	d	36.476
4	f	39.7904
4	p	34.0704
4	s	33.0228
5	d	55.3805
5	p	52.415
5	s	50.167
6	s	62.8356

Hafnium on ChemicalAid

Hafnium (Hf)

Fysisk Egenskab

Kemisk Egenskab

øvrige

Isotopes of Hafnium

153Hf

154Hf

155Hf

156Hf

157Hf

158Hf

159Hf

160Hf

161Hf

162Hf

163Hf

164Hf

165Hf

166Hf

167Hf

168Hf

169Hf

170Hf

171Hf

172Hf

173Hf

174Hf

175Hf

176Hf

177Hf

178Hf

179Hf

180Hf

181Hf

182Hf

183Hf

184Hf

185Hf

186Hf

187Hf

188Hf

189Hf

190Hf

historie

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

¹⁵³Hf

¹⁵⁴Hf

¹⁵⁵Hf

¹⁵⁶Hf

¹⁵⁷Hf

¹⁵⁸Hf

¹⁵⁹Hf

¹⁶⁰Hf

¹⁶¹Hf

¹⁶²Hf

¹⁶³Hf

¹⁶⁴Hf

¹⁶⁵Hf

¹⁶⁶Hf

¹⁶⁷Hf

¹⁶⁸Hf

¹⁶⁹Hf

¹⁷⁰Hf

¹⁷¹Hf

¹⁷²Hf

¹⁷³Hf

¹⁷⁴Hf

¹⁷⁵Hf

¹⁷⁶Hf

¹⁷⁷Hf

¹⁷⁸Hf

¹⁷⁹Hf

¹⁸⁰Hf

¹⁸¹Hf

¹⁸²Hf

¹⁸³Hf

¹⁸⁴Hf

¹⁸⁵Hf

¹⁸⁶Hf

¹⁸⁷Hf

¹⁸⁸Hf

¹⁸⁹Hf

¹⁹⁰Hf