Atomic Number | 73 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 180.94788 |
Mass Number | 181 |
Group | 5 |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | d |
Protons | 73 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 108 n0 |
Electrons | 73 e- |
Physical Properties | |
---|---|
Atomic Radius | 145 pm
|
Molar Volume | 10.9 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 146 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 134 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 72 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 86 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 222 pm
|
Density | 16.4 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.322 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 7.54957 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 758 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 24.7 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 782 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2 |
Oxidation States | -3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Electronegativity | 1.5
|
Electrophilicity | 1.0716190618855992 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 5,728.15 K
|
Melting Point | 3,290.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Tantalum is a Gray. Ta has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #4da6ff, and MOLCAS GV of #4da6ff. The Appearance of Element 73 is gray blue. | |
Color | Gray
|
Appearance | gray blue |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 57.5 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000063 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 25.36 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.14 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 7.7 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000013 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | 4.47 K
|
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.0000000107 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000001936 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0001782
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Tantalum is BCC. The lattice constant of Ta is 3.31 Å. The lattice angles of Element 73 are π/2, π/2, π/2. | |
Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic (BCC) |
Lattice Constant | 3.31 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Tantalum has a Brinell of 800 MPa, Mohs hardness of 6.5 MPa, and Vickers of 873 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Ta is 200 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 73 is 69 GPa. The Young Modulus of Tantalum (Ta) is 186 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Tantalum is 0.34. The Speed of Sound of Ta is 3400 m/s. | |
Hardness | 6.5 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 200 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 69 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 186 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.34
|
Speed of Sound | 3,400 m/s
|
Classification | |
The CAS Group of Tantalum is VA. The IUPAC Group of Ta is VB. The Glawe Number of Element 73 is 52. The Mendeleev Number of Tantalum (Ta) is 49. The Pettifor Number of Tantalum is 53. The Geochemical Class of Ta is high field strength. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 73 is litophile. | |
Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
CAS Group | VA |
IUPAC Group | VB |
Glawe Number | 52 |
Mendeleev Number | 49 |
Pettifor Number | 53 |
Geochemical Class | high field strength |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
The Dipole Polarizability of Tantalum is 74 plus or minus 20 a₀. Ta has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 887 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 73 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Tantalum (Ta) is 20.5. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Tantalum is 0.0041. The Quantum Numbers of Ta is 4F3/2. The Space Group of Element 73 is 229 (Im_3m). | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 20.5
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0041
|
Quantum Numbers | 4F3/2 |
Space Group | 229 (Im_3m) |
Stable Isotopes | 1 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 39 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 39 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 155 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.2 ± 1.3 ms
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2007 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 156 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 106 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | 71% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 29% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 157 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 10.1 ± 0.4 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 96.6% |
p (proton emission) | 3.4% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 158 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 49 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 159 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.04 ± 0.09 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 66% |
α (α emission) | 34% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 160 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.7 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 161 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 162 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.57 ± 0.12 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 99.926% |
α (α emission) | 0.074% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 163 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 10.6 ± 1.8 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 164 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 14.2 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 165 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 31 ± 1.5 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 166 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 34.4 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 167 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.33 ± 0.07 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 168 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 169 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.9 ± 0.4 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 170 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6.76 ± 0.06 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 171 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 23.3 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 172 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 36.8 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 173 |
G-Factor | 0.68 ± 0.012
|
Half Life | 3.14 ± 0.13 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -1.8 ± 0.2
|
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 174 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.14 ± 0.08 h
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 175 |
G-Factor | 0.64857142857143 ± 0.014285714285714
|
Half Life | 10.5 ± 0.2 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.5 ± 0.3
|
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 176 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.09 ± 0.05 h
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 177 |
G-Factor | 0.64285714285714 ± 0.014285714285714
|
Half Life | 56.36 ± 0.13 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 178 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.36 ± 0.08 h
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 179 |
G-Factor | 0.65314285714286 ± 0.0017142857142857
|
Half Life | 1.82 ± 0.03 y
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.27 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 180 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.154 ± 0.006 h
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 85% |
β− (β− decay) | 15% |
Abundance | 99.98799 ± 0.00032
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 181 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.17 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1932 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 182 |
G-Factor | 1.0066666666667 ± 0.01
|
Half Life | 114.74 ± 0.12 d
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | 2.6 ± 0.3
|
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 183 |
G-Factor | 0.67428571428571 ± 0.0085714285714286
|
Half Life | 5.1 ± 0.1 d
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 184 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.7 ± 0.1 h
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 185 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 49.4 ± 1.5 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 186 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 10.5 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 187 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.3 ± 6 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 188 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 19.6 ± 2 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 189 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 190 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.3 ± 0.7 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 191 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 192 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.2 ± 0.7 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 193 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 194 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Tantalum was discovered in Sweden in 1802 by Anders Ekeberg in the minerals tantalite from Finland and yttrotantalite from Sweden. Unfortunately, William Hyde Wollaston claimed Ekeberg's new element was actually niobium, which had also been discovered in 1802. In 1846, German chemist Heinrich Rose finally proved beyond doubt that tantalum and niobium were different elements. Named after Tantalos, a Greek mythological character, father of Niobe
Discoverers | Anders Ekeberg |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Sweden |
Discovery Year | 1802 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | From king Tantalus of Greek mythology, father of Niobe. |
Pronunciation | TAN-te-lem (English) |
1 | s | 1.4163 |
2 | p | 4.4136 |
2 | s | 19.0702 |
3 | d | 13.5589 |
3 | p | 21.1996 |
3 | s | 21.9085 |
4 | d | 36.676 |
4 | f | 39.5296 |
4 | p | 34.2652 |
4 | s | 33.2412 |
5 | d | 56.632 |
5 | p | 52.5265 |
5 | s | 50.3065 |
6 | s | 63.475 |