Hafnij

Hafnij (Hf)

element with the atomic number of 72
Atomski broj72
Relativna atomska masa178.49
Maseni broj180
Skupina4
Perioda6
Blokd
proton72 p+
neutron108 n0
elektron72 e-
Animated Bohrov model atoma of Hf (Hafnij)

Physical Property

Atomski Radijus
155 pm
Molni volumen
Kovalentni Radijus
152 pm
Metallic Radius
144 pm
Ionski radijus
58 pm
Crystal Radius
72 pm
Van der Waals radius
223 pm
gustoća
13,3 g/cm³
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Hafnij0153045607590105120135150165180195210225240pmAtomski RadijusKovalentni RadijusMetallic RadiusVan der Waals radius

Kemijsko Svojstvo

energija
proton affinity
Elektronski afinitet
ionization energy
6,82507 eV/particle
ionization energy of Hf (Hafnij)
Toplina isparivanja
575 kJ/mol
toplina taljenja
25,1 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation
618,4 kJ/mol
elektron
Elektronska ljuska2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
Bohrov model atoma: Hf (Hafnij)
valence electron2
Lewis structure: Hf (Hafnij)
electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 4f14 5d2 6s2
Enhanced Bohrov model atoma of Hf (Hafnij)
Orbital Diagram of Hf (Hafnij)
Oksidacijski broj-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektronegativnost
1.3
Electrophilicity Index
0,8583981383413326 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter
agregatno stanjeČvrsto
gaseous state of matter
Vrelište
4.873,15 K
Talište
2.506,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
Trojna točka
appearance
boja
Siva
appearancesteel gray
Indeks prelamanja
thermodynamic material property
Toplinska vodljivost
Toplinsko istezanje
0,0000059 1/K
molar heat capacity
25,73 J/(mol K)
Specifični toplinski kapacitet
0,144 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
electrical conductivity
3,3 MS/m
Električna otpornost i provodnost
0,0000003 m Ω
Supravodljivost
0,128 K
Magnetizam
typeparamagnetic
Magnetna susceptibilnost (Mass)
0,0000000053 m³/Kg
Magnetna susceptibilnost (Molar)
0,000000000946 m³/mol
Magnetna susceptibilnost (Volume)
0,0000705
magnetic ordering
Curieva temperatura
Néel temperature
struktura
Kristalna strukturaJednostavna heksagonska (HEX)
lattice constant
3,2 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
Tvrdoća
5,5 MPa
bulk modulus
110 GPa
shear modulus
30 GPa
Youngov modul elastičnosti
78 GPa
Poissonov omjer
0,37
brzina zvuka
3.010 m/s
classification
KategorijaPrijelazni metali, Transition metals
CAS GroupIVA
IUPAC GroupIVB
Glawe Number50
Mendeleev Number45
Pettifor Number50
Geochemical Classhigh field strength
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability
103 ± 6 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
allotrope
Nuklearni udarni presjek
104
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,02
Kvantni brojevi3F2
space group194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Hafnium

Stabilni izotopi5
Nestabilni izotopi33
Natural Isotopes6
Isotopic Composition18035.08%18035.08%17827.28%17827.28%17718.60%17718.60%17913.62%17913.62%1765.26%1765.26%1740.16%1740.16%

153Hf

Maseni broj153
neutron number81
Relativna atomska masa
152,970692 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma2000
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

154Hf

Maseni broj154
neutron number82
Relativna atomska masa
153,964863 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
2 ± 1 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1981
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)0%

155Hf

Maseni broj155
neutron number83
Relativna atomska masa
154,963167 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
843 ± 30 ms
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1981
Parnost-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)

156Hf

Maseni broj156
neutron number84
Relativna atomska masa
155,959399083 ± 0,000160752 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
23 ± 1 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1979
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

157Hf

Maseni broj157
neutron number85
Relativna atomska masa
156,958288 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
115 ± 1 ms
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1965
Parnost-

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)94%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)14%

158Hf

Maseni broj158
neutron number86
Relativna atomska masa
157,954801217 ± 0,00001878 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
2,85 ± 0,07 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1965
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)55.7%
α (α emission)44.3%

159Hf

Maseni broj159
neutron number87
Relativna atomska masa
158,953995837 ± 0,000018049 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
5,2 ± 0,1 s
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1973
Parnost-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)65%
α (α emission)35%

160Hf

Maseni broj160
neutron number88
Relativna atomska masa
159,950682728 ± 0,000010241 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
13,6 ± 0,2 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1973
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.3%
α (α emission)0.7%

161Hf

Maseni broj161
neutron number89
Relativna atomska masa
160,950277927 ± 0,000025174 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
18,4 ± 0,4 s
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1973
Parnost-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.71%
α (α emission)0.29%

162Hf

Maseni broj162
neutron number90
Relativna atomska masa
161,947215526 ± 0,00000961 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
39,4 ± 0,9 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1982
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.992%
α (α emission)0.008%

163Hf

Maseni broj163
neutron number91
Relativna atomska masa
162,947107211 ± 0,000027582 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
40 ± 0,6 s
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1982
Parnost-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)

164Hf

Maseni broj164
neutron number92
Relativna atomska masa
163,944370709 ± 0,000016975 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
111 ± 8 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1981
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

165Hf

Maseni broj165
neutron number93
Relativna atomska masa
164,944567 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
76 ± 4 s
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1981
Parnost-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

166Hf

Maseni broj166
neutron number94
Relativna atomska masa
165,94218 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
6,77 ± 0,3 m
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1965
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

167Hf

Maseni broj167
neutron number95
Relativna atomska masa
166,9426 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
2,05 ± 0,05 m
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1969
Parnost

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

168Hf

Maseni broj168
neutron number96
Relativna atomska masa
167,940568 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
25,95 ± 0,2 m
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1961
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
ϵ (electron capture)98%
e+ (positron emission)2%

169Hf

Maseni broj169
neutron number97
Relativna atomska masa
168,941259 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
3,24 ± 0,04 m
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1969
Parnost-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

170Hf

Maseni broj170
neutron number98
Relativna atomska masa
169,939609 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
16,01 ± 0,13 h
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1961
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

171Hf

Maseni broj171
neutron number99
Relativna atomska masa
170,940492 ± 0,000031 Da
g-factor
−0,19257142857143 ± 0,0034285714285714
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
12,1 ± 0,4 h
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
3,46 ± 0,03
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1951
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

172Hf

Maseni broj172
neutron number100
Relativna atomska masa
171,939449716 ± 0,000026224 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
1,87 ± 0,03 y
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1951
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

173Hf

Maseni broj173
neutron number101
Relativna atomska masa
172,940513 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
1,004 ± 0,014
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
23,6 ± 0,1 h
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1951
Parnost-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

174Hf

Maseni broj174
neutron number102
Relativna atomska masa
173,940048377 ± 0,000002425 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
0,16 ± 0,12
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
2 ± 0,4 Py
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1939
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
+ (double β+ decay)

175Hf

Maseni broj175
neutron number103
Relativna atomska masa
174,941511424 ± 0,00000245 Da
g-factor
−0,2708 ± 0,0036
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
70,65 ± 0,19 d
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
2,72 ± 0,02
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1949
Parnost-

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

176Hf

Maseni broj176
neutron number104
Relativna atomska masa
175,941409797 ± 0,000001591 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
5,26 ± 0,7
radioaktivnoststable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspadaNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1934
Parnost+

177Hf

Maseni broj177
neutron number105
Relativna atomska masa
176,943230187 ± 0,000001514 Da
g-factor
0,226 ± 0,00025714285714286
natural abundance
18,6 ± 0,16
radioaktivnoststable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspadaNot Radioactive ☢️
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
3,37 ± 0,03
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1934
Parnost-

178Hf

Maseni broj178
neutron number106
Relativna atomska masa
177,943708322 ± 0,000001519 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
27,28 ± 0,28
radioaktivnoststable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspadaNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1934
Parnost+

179Hf

Maseni broj179
neutron number107
Relativna atomska masa
178,945825705 ± 0,00000152 Da
g-factor
−0,14197777777778 ± 0,00031111111111111
natural abundance
13,62 ± 0,11
radioaktivnoststable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspadaNot Radioactive ☢️
spin9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
3,79 ± 0,03
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1934
Parnost+

180Hf

Maseni broj180
neutron number108
Relativna atomska masa
179,946559537 ± 0,000001525 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
35,08 ± 0,33
radioaktivnoststable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspadaNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1934
Parnost+

181Hf

Maseni broj181
neutron number109
Relativna atomska masa
180,949110834 ± 0,000001527 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
42,39 ± 0,06 d
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1935
Parnost-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

182Hf

Maseni broj182
neutron number110
Relativna atomska masa
181,950563684 ± 0,000006619 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
8,9 ± 0,09 My
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1961
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

183Hf

Maseni broj183
neutron number111
Relativna atomska masa
182,953533203 ± 0,000032251 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
1,018 ± 0,002 h
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1956
Parnost-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

184Hf

Maseni broj184
neutron number112
Relativna atomska masa
183,955448507 ± 0,000042625 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
4,12 ± 0,05 h
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1973
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

185Hf

Maseni broj185
neutron number113
Relativna atomska masa
184,958862 ± 0,000069 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
3,5 ± 0,6 m
spin9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1993
Parnost-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

186Hf

Maseni broj186
neutron number114
Relativna atomska masa
185,960897 ± 0,000055 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
2,6 ± 1,2 m
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1998
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

187Hf

Maseni broj187
neutron number115
Relativna atomska masa
186,964573 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1999
Parnost-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)

188Hf

Maseni broj188
neutron number116
Relativna atomska masa
187,966903 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1999
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)

189Hf

Maseni broj189
neutron number117
Relativna atomska masa
188,970853 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma2009
Parnost-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

190Hf

Maseni broj190
neutron number118
Relativna atomska masa
189,973376 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma2012
Parnost+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
Hf-crystal bar
Hafnium

povijest

otkrio/izumioDirk Coster, Georg von Hevesy
location of discoveryDenmark
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma1923
EtimologijaFrom Hafnia, the Latin name of Copenhagen.
pronunciationHAF-ni-em (engleski)

source

Obilnost
Zastupljenost u Zemljinoj kori
natural abundance (ocean)
0,000007 mg/L
natural abundance (tijelo)
natural abundance (meteoroid)
0,000017 %
natural abundance (Sunce)
0,0000001 %
Zastupljenost u svemiru
0,00000007 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s1.3984
2p4.4012
2s18.8102
3d13.5702
3p21.0168
3s21.6885
4d36.476
4f39.7904
4p34.0704
4s33.0228
5d55.3805
5p52.415
5s50.167
6s62.8356