Hafnium (Hf)

element with the atomic number of 72

Atomic Number	72
Atomic Weight	178.49
mass number	180

Group	4
Period	6
Block	d

proton	72 p⁺
neutron	108 n⁰
electron	72 e^-

Physical Property

Atomic Radius	155 pm 264 pm
molar volume	13.6 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	152 pm 128 pm 122 pm 175 pm
Metallic Radius	144 pm 159 pm
ionic radius	58 pm 71 pm 76 pm 83 pm
Crystal Radius	72 pm 85 pm 90 pm 97 pm
Van der Waals radius	225 pm 223 pm 253 pm 314.1 pm
density	13.3 g/cm³ 12000 kg/m³

Chemical Property

energia

proton affinity
electron affinity	0.014 eV/particle
ionization energy	6.82507 eV/particle 15 eV/particle 23.28 eV/particle 33.37 eV/particle 68.375 eV/particle 98 eV/particle 118 eV/particle 138 eV/particle 157 eV/particle 187 eV/particle 209 eV/particle 230 eV/particle 270 eV/particle 310 eV/particle 334 eV/particle 359 eV/particle 399 eV/particle 440 eV/particle 481 eV/particle 520 eV/particle 560 eV/particle 610 eV/particle 650 eV/particle 690 eV/particle 730 eV/particle 772 eV/particle 1002 eV/particle 1047 eV/particle 1094 eV/particle 1146 eV/particle 1195 eV/particle 1245 eV/particle 1311 eV/particle 1362 eV/particle 1417 eV/particle 1467 eV/particle 1669 eV/particle 1719 eV/particle 1776 eV/particle 1827 eV/particle 1963 eV/particle 2022 eV/particle 2159 eV/particle 2218.9 eV/particle 3741 eV/particle 3858 eV/particle 3984 eV/particle 4118 eV/particle 4246 eV/particle 4372 eV/particle 4573 eV/particle 4703 eV/particle 4846 eV/particle 4980 eV/particle 5350 eV/particle 5468 eV/particle 5595 eV/particle 5713 eV/particle 6149 eV/particle 6284 eV/particle 6545 eV/particle 6674 eV/particle 14678 eV/particle 14999 eV/particle 15351 eV/particle 15680 eV/particle 17280 eV/particle 17680 eV/particle 18180 eV/particle 18502.32 eV/particle 74565.93 eV/particle 76077.8 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	575 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	25.1 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	618.4 kJ/mol
electron

Tegimen electronicum	2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2

valence electron	2 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²

oxidation number	-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
electronegativity	6.83 eV/particle 0.229987 1.3
Electrophilicity Index	0.8583981383413326 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	4873.15 K
Melting Point	2506.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
Punctum triplex
appearance
Color	Gray #ff1493 #4dc2ff #4dc2ff
appearance	steel gray
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	23 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0.0000059 1/K
molar heat capacity	25.73 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.144 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	3.3 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0.0000003 m Ω
Superconductrum	0.128 K
magnetism
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000053 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000000946 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0.0000705
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
lattice constant	3.2 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness	1700 MPa 5.5 MPa 1760 MPa
bulk modulus	110 GPa
shear modulus	30 GPa
Young's modulus	78 GPa
Poisson's ratio	0.37
celeritas soni	3010 m/s
classificare
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	IVA
IUPAC Group	IVB
Glawe Number	50
Mendeleev Number	45
Pettifor Number	50
Geochemical Class	high field strength
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	103 ± 6 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	1040 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	104
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.02
quantum number	3F2
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Hafnium

Stable Isotopes	5
Unstable Isotopes	33
Natural Isotopes	6

¹⁵³Hf

mass number	153
neutron number	81
relative atomic mass	152.970692 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	2000
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁵⁴Hf

mass number	154
neutron number	82
relative atomic mass	153.964863 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2 ± 1 s
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1981
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0%

¹⁵⁵Hf

mass number	155
neutron number	83
relative atomic mass	154.963167 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	843 ± 30 ms
Volubilitas	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1981
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)

¹⁵⁶Hf

mass number	156
neutron number	84
relative atomic mass	155.959399083 ± 0.000160752 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	23 ± 1 ms
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1979
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁵⁷Hf

mass number	157
neutron number	85
relative atomic mass	156.958288 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	115 ± 1 ms
Volubilitas	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1965
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	94%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	14%

¹⁵⁸Hf

mass number	158
neutron number	86
relative atomic mass	157.954801217 ± 0.00001878 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2.85 ± 0.07 s
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1965
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	55.7%
α (α emission)	44.3%

¹⁵⁹Hf

mass number	159
neutron number	87
relative atomic mass	158.953995837 ± 0.000018049 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	5.2 ± 0.1 s
Volubilitas	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1973
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	65%
α (α emission)	35%

¹⁶⁰Hf

mass number	160
neutron number	88
relative atomic mass	159.950682728 ± 0.000010241 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	13.6 ± 0.2 s
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.3%
α (α emission)	0.7%

¹⁶¹Hf

mass number	161
neutron number	89
relative atomic mass	160.950277927 ± 0.000025174 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	18.4 ± 0.4 s
Volubilitas	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1973
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.71%
α (α emission)	0.29%

¹⁶²Hf

mass number	162
neutron number	90
relative atomic mass	161.947215526 ± 0.00000961 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	39.4 ± 0.9 s
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1982
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.992%
α (α emission)	0.008%

¹⁶³Hf

mass number	163
neutron number	91
relative atomic mass	162.947107211 ± 0.000027582 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	40 ± 0.6 s
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1982
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)

¹⁶⁴Hf

mass number	164
neutron number	92
relative atomic mass	163.944370709 ± 0.000016975 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	111 ± 8 s
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1981
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁵Hf

mass number	165
neutron number	93
relative atomic mass	164.944567 ± 0.00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	76 ± 4 s
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1981
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁶Hf

mass number	166
neutron number	94
relative atomic mass	165.94218 ± 0.00003 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	6.77 ± 0.3 m
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1965
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁷Hf

mass number	167
neutron number	95
relative atomic mass	166.9426 ± 0.00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2.05 ± 0.05 m
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1969
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁸Hf

mass number	168
neutron number	96
relative atomic mass	167.940568 ± 0.00003 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	25.95 ± 0.2 m
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1961
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	98%
e⁺ (positron emission)	2%

¹⁶⁹Hf

mass number	169
neutron number	97
relative atomic mass	168.941259 ± 0.00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	3.24 ± 0.04 m
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1969
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁰Hf

mass number	170
neutron number	98
relative atomic mass	169.939609 ± 0.00003 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	16.01 ± 0.13 h
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1961
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷¹Hf

mass number	171
neutron number	99
relative atomic mass	170.940492 ± 0.000031 Da
g-factor	-0.19257142857143 ± 0.0034285714285714
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	12.1 ± 0.4 h
Volubilitas	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	3.46 ± 0.03
repertus	1951
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷²Hf

mass number	172
neutron number	100
relative atomic mass	171.939449716 ± 0.000026224 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.87 ± 0.03 y
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1951
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷³Hf

mass number	173
neutron number	101
relative atomic mass	172.940513 ± 0.00003 Da
g-factor	1.004 ± 0.014
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	23.6 ± 0.1 h
Volubilitas	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1951
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁴Hf

mass number	174
neutron number	102
relative atomic mass	173.940048377 ± 0.000002425 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0.16 ± 0.12
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2 ± 0.4 Py
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1939
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

¹⁷⁵Hf

mass number	175
neutron number	103
relative atomic mass	174.941511424 ± 0.00000245 Da
g-factor	-0.2708 ± 0.0036
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	70.65 ± 0.19 d
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	2.72 ± 0.02
repertus	1949
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷⁶Hf

mass number	176
neutron number	104
relative atomic mass	175.941409797 ± 0.000001591 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	5.26 ± 0.7
radioactivitas	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1934
parity	+

¹⁷⁷Hf

mass number	177
neutron number	105
relative atomic mass	176.943230187 ± 0.000001514 Da
g-factor	0.226 ± 0.00025714285714286
natural abundance	18.6 ± 0.16
radioactivitas	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Volubilitas	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	3.37 ± 0.03
repertus	1934
parity	-

¹⁷⁸Hf

mass number	178
neutron number	106
relative atomic mass	177.943708322 ± 0.000001519 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	27.28 ± 0.28
radioactivitas	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1934
parity	+

¹⁷⁹Hf

mass number	179
neutron number	107
relative atomic mass	178.945825705 ± 0.00000152 Da
g-factor	-0.14197777777778 ± 0.00031111111111111
natural abundance	13.62 ± 0.11
radioactivitas	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Volubilitas	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	3.79 ± 0.03
repertus	1934
parity	+

¹⁸⁰Hf

mass number	180
neutron number	108
relative atomic mass	179.946559537 ± 0.000001525 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	35.08 ± 0.33
radioactivitas	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1934
parity	+

¹⁸¹Hf

mass number	181
neutron number	109
relative atomic mass	180.949110834 ± 0.000001527 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	42.39 ± 0.06 d
Volubilitas	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1935
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸²Hf

mass number	182
neutron number	110
relative atomic mass	181.950563684 ± 0.000006619 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	8.9 ± 0.09 My
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1961
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸³Hf

mass number	183
neutron number	111
relative atomic mass	182.953533203 ± 0.000032251 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.018 ± 0.002 h
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1956
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁴Hf

mass number	184
neutron number	112
relative atomic mass	183.955448507 ± 0.000042625 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	4.12 ± 0.05 h
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁵Hf

mass number	185
neutron number	113
relative atomic mass	184.958862 ± 0.000069 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	3.5 ± 0.6 m
Volubilitas	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1993
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁶Hf

mass number	186
neutron number	114
relative atomic mass	185.960897 ± 0.000055 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2.6 ± 1.2 m
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1998
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁷Hf

mass number	187
neutron number	115
relative atomic mass	186.964573 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1999
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁸⁸Hf

mass number	188
neutron number	116
relative atomic mass	187.966903 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1999
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁸⁹Hf

mass number	189
neutron number	117
relative atomic mass	188.970853 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	2009
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁹⁰Hf

mass number	190
neutron number	118
relative atomic mass	189.973376 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	2012
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

historia

inventor	Dirk Coster, Georg von Hevesy
location of discovery	Denmark
repertus	1923
Etymologia	From Hafnia, the Latin name of Copenhagen.
pronunciation	HAF-ni-em (English)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	3 mg/kg
natural abundance (Oceanus)	0.000007 mg/L
natural abundance (Corpus humanum)
natural abundance (Meteoroides)	0.000017 %
natural abundance (Sol)	0.0000001 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000007 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.3984
2	p	4.4012
2	s	18.8102
3	d	13.5702
3	p	21.0168
3	s	21.6885
4	d	36.476
4	f	39.7904
4	p	34.0704
4	s	33.0228
5	d	55.3805
5	p	52.415
5	s	50.167
6	s	62.8356

Hafnium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3526
CAS Registry Number	7440-58-6
CPV Supplementary	AA25
ChEBI ID	33343
ChemSpider ID	22422
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14753000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID5047663
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID8064698
Den Store Danske ID	hafnium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.333
Elhuyar ZTH ID	024890
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/hafnium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	hafnium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	zirconium-et-hafnium
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2346246
HSDB ID	552
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0029201
ICSC ID	0847
InChI	InChI=1S/Hf
InChIKey	VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Hafnium
MeSH descriptor ID	D006195
NALT ID	44295
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007545701705171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	159925
OpenAlex ID	C546638069
PSH ID	5762
PubChem CID	23986
Quora topic ID	Hafnium
RxNorm ID	1534767
Store norske leksikon ID	hafnium
Treccani ID	afnio
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	509495
UNII	X71938L1DO
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14663734-n
ZVG number	7720
Zhihu topic ID	20042597
siglum Freebase	/m/025rtjj
siglum GND	4158734-0
siglum NDL	00562767
siglum apud bibliothecam Congressús	sh85058238

Hafnium (Hf)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Hafnium

153Hf

154Hf

155Hf

156Hf

157Hf

158Hf

159Hf

160Hf

161Hf

162Hf

163Hf

164Hf

165Hf

166Hf

167Hf

168Hf

169Hf

170Hf

171Hf

172Hf

173Hf

174Hf

175Hf

176Hf

177Hf

178Hf

179Hf

180Hf

181Hf

182Hf

183Hf

184Hf

185Hf

186Hf

187Hf

188Hf

189Hf

190Hf

historia

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

¹⁵³Hf

¹⁵⁴Hf

¹⁵⁵Hf

¹⁵⁶Hf

¹⁵⁷Hf

¹⁵⁸Hf

¹⁵⁹Hf

¹⁶⁰Hf

¹⁶¹Hf

¹⁶²Hf

¹⁶³Hf

¹⁶⁴Hf

¹⁶⁵Hf

¹⁶⁶Hf

¹⁶⁷Hf

¹⁶⁸Hf

¹⁶⁹Hf

¹⁷⁰Hf

¹⁷¹Hf

¹⁷²Hf

¹⁷³Hf

¹⁷⁴Hf

¹⁷⁵Hf

¹⁷⁶Hf

¹⁷⁷Hf

¹⁷⁸Hf

¹⁷⁹Hf

¹⁸⁰Hf

¹⁸¹Hf

¹⁸²Hf

¹⁸³Hf

¹⁸⁴Hf

¹⁸⁵Hf

¹⁸⁶Hf

¹⁸⁷Hf

¹⁸⁸Hf

¹⁸⁹Hf

¹⁹⁰Hf