Atomic Number | 72 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 178.49 |
mass number | 180 |
Group | 4 |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | d |
proton | 72 p+ |
---|---|
neutron | 108 n0 |
electron | 72 e- |
Atomic Radius | |
---|---|
molar volume | |
covalent radius | |
Metallic Radius | |
ionic radius | |
Crystal Radius | |
Van der Waals radius | |
density |
energy | |
---|---|
proton affinity | |
electron affinity | |
ionization energy | |
enthalpy of vaporization | |
enthalpy of fusion | |
standard enthalpy of formation | |
electron | |
electron shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 |
valence electron | 2 ⓘ |
electron configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 4f14 5d2 6s2 |
oxidation number | -2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 |
electronegativity | 1.3
|
Electrophilicity Index | |
fundamental state of matter | |
phase of matter | Solid |
gaseous state of matter | |
Boiling Point | |
Melting Point | |
critical pressure | |
critical temperature | |
triple point | |
appearance | |
color | Gray
|
appearance | steel gray |
refractive index | |
thermodynamic material property | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
thermal expansion | |
molar heat capacity | |
Specific Heat Capacity | |
heat capacity ratio | |
electrical properties | |
type | Conductor |
electrical conductivity | |
electrical resistivity | |
superconductivity | |
magnetism | |
type | paramagnetic |
magnetic susceptibility (Mass) | 0.0000000053 m³/Kg
|
magnetic susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000000946 m³/mol
|
magnetic susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0000705
|
magnetic ordering | |
Curie temperature | |
Néel temperature | |
structure | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
lattice constant | |
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
mechanical property | |
hardness | |
bulk modulus | |
shear modulus | |
Young's modulus | |
Poisson's ratio | 0.37
|
speed of sound | |
classification | |
Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
CAS Group | IVA |
IUPAC Group | IVB |
Glawe Number | 50 |
Mendeleev Number | 45 |
Pettifor Number | 50 |
Geochemical Class | high field strength |
Goldschmidt classification | litophile |
Gas Basicity | |
---|---|
polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
allotrope | |
Neutron cross section | 104
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.02
|
quantum number | 3F2 |
space group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 5 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 33 |
Natural Isotopes | 6 |
mass number | 153 |
---|---|
neutron number | 81 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | |
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | |
spin | 1/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 2000 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
mass number | 154 |
---|---|
neutron number | 82 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 2 ± 1 s
|
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1981 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | 0% |
mass number | 155 |
---|---|
neutron number | 83 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | |
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 843 ± 30 ms
|
spin | 7/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
time of discovery or invention | 1981 |
parity | - |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) |
mass number | 156 |
---|---|
neutron number | 84 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 23 ± 1 ms
|
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1979 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
mass number | 157 |
---|---|
neutron number | 85 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | |
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 115 ± 1 ms
|
spin | 7/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
time of discovery or invention | 1965 |
parity | - |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 94% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 14% |
mass number | 158 |
---|---|
neutron number | 86 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 2.85 ± 0.07 s
|
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1965 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 55.7% |
α (α emission) | 44.3% |
mass number | 159 |
---|---|
neutron number | 87 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | |
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 5.2 ± 0.1 s
|
spin | 7/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
time of discovery or invention | 1973 |
parity | - |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 65% |
α (α emission) | 35% |
mass number | 160 |
---|---|
neutron number | 88 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 13.6 ± 0.2 s
|
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1973 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 99.3% |
α (α emission) | 0.7% |
mass number | 161 |
---|---|
neutron number | 89 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | |
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 18.4 ± 0.4 s
|
spin | 7/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
time of discovery or invention | 1973 |
parity | - |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 99.71% |
α (α emission) | 0.29% |
mass number | 162 |
---|---|
neutron number | 90 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 39.4 ± 0.9 s
|
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1982 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 99.992% |
α (α emission) | 0.008% |
mass number | 163 |
---|---|
neutron number | 91 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | |
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 40 ± 0.6 s
|
spin | 5/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
time of discovery or invention | 1982 |
parity | - |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) |
mass number | 164 |
---|---|
neutron number | 92 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 111 ± 8 s
|
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1981 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
mass number | 165 |
---|---|
neutron number | 93 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | |
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 76 ± 4 s
|
spin | 5/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
time of discovery or invention | 1981 |
parity | - |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
mass number | 166 |
---|---|
neutron number | 94 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 6.77 ± 0.3 m
|
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1965 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
mass number | 167 |
---|---|
neutron number | 95 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | |
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 2.05 ± 0.05 m
|
spin | 5/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
time of discovery or invention | 1969 |
parity |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
mass number | 168 |
---|---|
neutron number | 96 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 25.95 ± 0.2 m
|
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1961 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 98% |
e+ (positron emission) | 2% |
mass number | 169 |
---|---|
neutron number | 97 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | |
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 3.24 ± 0.04 m
|
spin | 5/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
time of discovery or invention | 1969 |
parity | - |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
mass number | 170 |
---|---|
neutron number | 98 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 16.01 ± 0.13 h
|
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1961 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
mass number | 171 |
---|---|
neutron number | 99 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | -0.19257142857143 ± 0.0034285714285714
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 12.1 ± 0.4 h
|
spin | 7/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 3.46 ± 0.03
|
time of discovery or invention | 1951 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
mass number | 172 |
---|---|
neutron number | 100 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 1.87 ± 0.03 y
|
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1951 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
mass number | 173 |
---|---|
neutron number | 101 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 1.004 ± 0.014
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 23.6 ± 0.1 h
|
spin | 1/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1951 |
parity | - |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
mass number | 174 |
---|---|
neutron number | 102 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | 0.16 ± 0.12
|
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 2 ± 0.4 Py
|
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1939 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
2β+ (double β+ decay) |
mass number | 175 |
---|---|
neutron number | 103 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | -0.2708 ± 0.0036
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 70.65 ± 0.19 d
|
spin | 5/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 2.72 ± 0.02
|
time of discovery or invention | 1949 |
parity | - |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
mass number | 176 |
---|---|
neutron number | 104 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | 5.26 ± 0.7
|
radioactivity | stable isotope |
half-life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1934 |
parity | + |
mass number | 177 |
---|---|
neutron number | 105 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0.226 ± 0.00025714285714286
|
natural abundance | 18.6 ± 0.16
|
radioactivity | stable isotope |
half-life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
spin | 7/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 3.37 ± 0.03
|
time of discovery or invention | 1934 |
parity | - |
mass number | 178 |
---|---|
neutron number | 106 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | 27.28 ± 0.28
|
radioactivity | stable isotope |
half-life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1934 |
parity | + |
mass number | 179 |
---|---|
neutron number | 107 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | -0.14197777777778 ± 0.00031111111111111
|
natural abundance | 13.62 ± 0.11
|
radioactivity | stable isotope |
half-life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
spin | 9/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 3.79 ± 0.03
|
time of discovery or invention | 1934 |
parity | + |
mass number | 180 |
---|---|
neutron number | 108 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | 35.08 ± 0.33
|
radioactivity | stable isotope |
half-life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1934 |
parity | + |
mass number | 181 |
---|---|
neutron number | 109 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | |
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 42.39 ± 0.06 d
|
spin | 1/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1935 |
parity | - |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
mass number | 182 |
---|---|
neutron number | 110 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 8.9 ± 0.09 My
|
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1961 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
mass number | 183 |
---|---|
neutron number | 111 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | |
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 1.018 ± 0.002 h
|
spin | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
time of discovery or invention | 1956 |
parity | - |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
mass number | 184 |
---|---|
neutron number | 112 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 4.12 ± 0.05 h
|
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1973 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
mass number | 185 |
---|---|
neutron number | 113 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | |
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 3.5 ± 0.6 m
|
spin | 9/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
time of discovery or invention | 1993 |
parity | - |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
mass number | 186 |
---|---|
neutron number | 114 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | 2.6 ± 1.2 m
|
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1998 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
mass number | 187 |
---|---|
neutron number | 115 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | |
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | |
spin | 9/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
time of discovery or invention | 1999 |
parity | - |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) |
mass number | 188 |
---|---|
neutron number | 116 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | |
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 1999 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) |
mass number | 189 |
---|---|
neutron number | 117 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | |
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | |
spin | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
time of discovery or invention | 2009 |
parity | - |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
mass number | 190 |
---|---|
neutron number | 118 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
g-factor | 0
|
natural abundance | |
radioactivity | ☢️ radioactive element |
half-life | |
spin | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
time of discovery or invention | 2012 |
parity | + |
decay mode | intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) |
discoverer or inventor | Dirk Coster, Georg von Hevesy |
---|---|
location of discovery | Denmark |
time of discovery or invention | 1923 |
etymology | From Hafnia, the Latin name of Copenhagen. |
pronunciation | HAF-ni-em (Ingarihi) |
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | |
natural abundance (Moana nui) | |
natural abundance (human body) | |
natural abundance (meteoroid) | 0.000017 %
|
natural abundance (Te Rā) | 0.0000001 %
|
Abundance in Universe | 0.00000007 %
|
1 | s | 1.3984 |
2 | p | 4.4012 |
2 | s | 18.8102 |
3 | d | 13.5702 |
3 | p | 21.0168 |
3 | s | 21.6885 |
4 | d | 36.476 |
4 | f | 39.7904 |
4 | p | 34.0704 |
4 | s | 33.0228 |
5 | d | 55.3805 |
5 | p | 52.415 |
5 | s | 50.167 |
6 | s | 62.8356 |