Hafnium

Hafnium (Hf)

element with the atomic number of 72
Atomic Number72
Atomic Weight178.49
mass number180
Group4
Period6
Blockd
proton72 p+
neutron108 n0
electron72 e-
Animated Bohr model of Hf (Hafnium)

Āhuatanga Ōkiko

Atomic Radius
molar volume
covalent radius
Metallic Radius
ionic radius
Crystal Radius
Van der Waals radius
density
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Hafnium0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200210220230pmAtomic RadiusCovalent RadiusMetallic RadiusVan der Waals radius

Chemical Property

energy
proton affinity
electron affinity
ionization energy
ionization energy of Hf (Hafnium)
enthalpy of vaporization
enthalpy of fusion
standard enthalpy of formation
electron
electron shell2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
Bohr model: Hf (Hafnium)
valence electron2
Lewis structure: Hf (Hafnium)
electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 4f14 5d2 6s2
Enhanced Bohr model of Hf (Hafnium)
Orbital Diagram of Hf (Hafnium)
oxidation number-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
electronegativity
1.3
Electrophilicity Index
fundamental state of matter
phase of matterSolid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point
Melting Point
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
color
Gray
appearancesteel gray
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity
thermal expansion
molar heat capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
electrical conductivity
electrical resistivity
superconductivity
magnetism
typeparamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
0.0000000053 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
0.000000000946 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
0.0000705
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal (HEX)
lattice constant
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness
bulk modulus
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
0.37
speed of sound
classification
CategoryTransition metals, Transition metals
CAS GroupIVA
IUPAC GroupIVB
Glawe Number50
Mendeleev Number45
Pettifor Number50
Geochemical Classhigh field strength
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
allotrope
Neutron cross section
104
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.02
quantum number3F2
space group194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Hafnium

Stable Isotopes5
Unstable Isotopes33
Natural Isotopes6
Isotopic Composition18035.08%18035.08%17827.28%17827.28%17718.60%17718.60%17913.62%17913.62%1765.26%1765.26%1740.16%1740.16%

153Hf

mass number153
neutron number81
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention2000
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

154Hf

mass number154
neutron number82
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
2 ± 1 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1981
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)0%

155Hf

mass number155
neutron number83
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
843 ± 30 ms
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1981
parity-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)

156Hf

mass number156
neutron number84
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
23 ± 1 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1979
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

157Hf

mass number157
neutron number85
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
115 ± 1 ms
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1965
parity-

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)94%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)14%

158Hf

mass number158
neutron number86
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
2.85 ± 0.07 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1965
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)55.7%
α (α emission)44.3%

159Hf

mass number159
neutron number87
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
5.2 ± 0.1 s
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1973
parity-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)65%
α (α emission)35%

160Hf

mass number160
neutron number88
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
13.6 ± 0.2 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1973
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.3%
α (α emission)0.7%

161Hf

mass number161
neutron number89
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
18.4 ± 0.4 s
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1973
parity-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.71%
α (α emission)0.29%

162Hf

mass number162
neutron number90
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
39.4 ± 0.9 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1982
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.992%
α (α emission)0.008%

163Hf

mass number163
neutron number91
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
40 ± 0.6 s
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1982
parity-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)

164Hf

mass number164
neutron number92
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
111 ± 8 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1981
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

165Hf

mass number165
neutron number93
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
76 ± 4 s
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1981
parity-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

166Hf

mass number166
neutron number94
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
6.77 ± 0.3 m
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1965
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

167Hf

mass number167
neutron number95
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
2.05 ± 0.05 m
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1969
parity

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

168Hf

mass number168
neutron number96
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
25.95 ± 0.2 m
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1961
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
ϵ (electron capture)98%
e+ (positron emission)2%

169Hf

mass number169
neutron number97
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
3.24 ± 0.04 m
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1969
parity-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

170Hf

mass number170
neutron number98
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
16.01 ± 0.13 h
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1961
parity+

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

171Hf

mass number171
neutron number99
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
-0.19257142857143 ± 0.0034285714285714
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
12.1 ± 0.4 h
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
3.46 ± 0.03
time of discovery or invention1951
parity+

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

172Hf

mass number172
neutron number100
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
1.87 ± 0.03 y
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1951
parity+

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

173Hf

mass number173
neutron number101
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
1.004 ± 0.014
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
23.6 ± 0.1 h
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1951
parity-

decay modeintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

174Hf

mass number174
neutron number102
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
0.16 ± 0.12
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
2 ± 0.4 Py
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1939
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
+ (double β+ decay)

175Hf

mass number175
neutron number103
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
-0.2708 ± 0.0036
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
70.65 ± 0.19 d
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
2.72 ± 0.02
time of discovery or invention1949
parity-

decay modeintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

176Hf

mass number176
neutron number104
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
5.26 ± 0.7
radioactivitystable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1934
parity+

177Hf

mass number177
neutron number105
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0.226 ± 0.00025714285714286
natural abundance
18.6 ± 0.16
radioactivitystable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
3.37 ± 0.03
time of discovery or invention1934
parity-

178Hf

mass number178
neutron number106
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
27.28 ± 0.28
radioactivitystable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1934
parity+

179Hf

mass number179
neutron number107
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
-0.14197777777778 ± 0.00031111111111111
natural abundance
13.62 ± 0.11
radioactivitystable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
spin9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
3.79 ± 0.03
time of discovery or invention1934
parity+

180Hf

mass number180
neutron number108
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
35.08 ± 0.33
radioactivitystable isotope
half-lifeNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1934
parity+

181Hf

mass number181
neutron number109
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
42.39 ± 0.06 d
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1935
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

182Hf

mass number182
neutron number110
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
8.9 ± 0.09 My
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1961
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

183Hf

mass number183
neutron number111
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
1.018 ± 0.002 h
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1956
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

184Hf

mass number184
neutron number112
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
4.12 ± 0.05 h
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1973
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

185Hf

mass number185
neutron number113
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
3.5 ± 0.6 m
spin9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1993
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

186Hf

mass number186
neutron number114
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
2.6 ± 1.2 m
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1998
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

187Hf

mass number187
neutron number115
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1999
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)

188Hf

mass number188
neutron number116
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1999
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)

189Hf

mass number189
neutron number117
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention2009
parity-

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

190Hf

mass number190
neutron number118
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention2012
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
Hf-crystal bar
Hafnium

kōrero nehe

discoverer or inventorDirk Coster, Georg von Hevesy
location of discoveryDenmark
time of discovery or invention1923
etymologyFrom Hafnia, the Latin name of Copenhagen.
pronunciationHAF-ni-em (Ingarihi)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
natural abundance (Moana nui)
natural abundance (human body)
natural abundance (meteoroid)
0.000017 %
natural abundance (Te Rā)
0.0000001 %
Abundance in Universe
0.00000007 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s1.3984
2p4.4012
2s18.8102
3d13.5702
3p21.0168
3s21.6885
4d36.476
4f39.7904
4p34.0704
4s33.0228
5d55.3805
5p52.415
5s50.167
6s62.8356