Hafnium

Hafnium (Hf)

grundämne
Atomnummer72
Atommassa178.49
masstal180
Grupp4
Period6
Blockd
Protoner72 p+
Neutroner108 n0
Electrons72 e-
Animated Bohrs atommodell of Hf (Hafnium)

Egenskaper

fysisk egenskap
atomradie
155 pm
molvolym
kovalent radie
152 pm
Metallic Radius
144 pm
ionic radius
58 pm
Crystal Radius
72 pm
Van der Waalsradie
223 pm
densitet
13,3 g/cm³
energi
proton affinity
Elektronaffinitet
joniseringsenergi
6,82507 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi of Hf (Hafnium)
ångbildningsvärme
575 kJ/mol
smältvärme
25,1 kJ/mol
Bildningsentalpi
618,4 kJ/mol
Electrons
electron shell2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
Bohrs atommodell: Hf (Hafnium)
valenselektron2
elektronkonfiguration[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Enhanced Bohrs atommodell of Hf (Hafnium)
Orbital Diagram of Hf (Hafnium)
oxidationstal-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
elektronegativitet
1.3
Electrophilicity
0,8583981383413326 eV/particle
Phases
aggregationstillståndFast
Gas Phase
Kokpunkt
4 873,15 K
Smältpunkt
2 506,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
Visual
färg
Grå
appearancesteel gray
Brytningsindex
materialegenskap
Värmeledningsförmåga
termisk expansion
0,0000059 1/K
molar heat capacity
25,73 J/(mol K)
Specifik värmekapacitet
0,144 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
elektrisk konduktivitet
3,3 MS/m
resistivitet
0,0000003 m Ω
supraledare
0,128 K
magnetism
typeparamagnetic
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass)
0,0000000053 m³/Kg
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar)
0,000000000946 m³/mol
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume)
0,0000705
magnetic ordering
Curiepunkten
Néel temperature
Structure
KristallstrukturEnkelt hexagonalt (HEX)
Gitterkonstant
3,2 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mekanisk materialegenskap
hårdhet
5,5 MPa
Kompressibilitet
110 GPa
skjuvmodul
30 GPa
Young's modulus
78 GPa
Poissons konstant
0,37
ljudhastighet
3 010 m/s
klassificering
KategoriÖvergångsmetaller, Transition metals
CAS GroupIVA
IUPAC GroupIVB
Glawe Number50
Mendeleev Number45
Pettifor Number50
Geochemical Classhigh field strength
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile
övrigt
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability
103 ± 6 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
Allotropes
Träffyta
104
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,02
kvanttal3F2
rymdgrupp194 (P63/mmc)

Hafniumisotoper

Stabila isotoper6
Instabila isotoper32
Radioactive Isotopes33

153Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
152,970692 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal153
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2000
Paritet+

153Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

154Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
153,964863 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal154
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
2 ± 1 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1981
Paritet+

154Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)0%

155Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
154,963167 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal155
g-factor
Halveringstid
843 ± 30 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1981
Paritet-

155Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)%

156Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
155,959399083 ± 0,000160752 Da
masstal156
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
23 ± 1 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1979
Paritet+

156Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

157Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
156,958288 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal157
g-factor
Halveringstid
115 ± 1 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1965
Paritet-

157Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)94%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)14%

158Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
157,954801217 ± 0,00001878 Da
masstal158
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
2,85 ± 0,07 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1965
Paritet+

158Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)55.7%
α (α emission)44.3%

159Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
158,953995837 ± 0,000018049 Da
masstal159
g-factor
Halveringstid
5,2 ± 0,1 s
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1973
Paritet-

159Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)65%
α (α emission)35%

160Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
159,950682728 ± 0,000010241 Da
masstal160
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
13,6 ± 0,2 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1973
Paritet+

160Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.3%
α (α emission)0.7%

161Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
160,950277927 ± 0,000025174 Da
masstal161
g-factor
Halveringstid
18,4 ± 0,4 s
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1973
Paritet-

161Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.71%
α (α emission)0.29%

162Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
161,947215526 ± 0,00000961 Da
masstal162
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
39,4 ± 0,9 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1982
Paritet+

162Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.992%
α (α emission)0.008%

163Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
162,947107211 ± 0,000027582 Da
masstal163
g-factor
Halveringstid
40 ± 0,6 s
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1982
Paritet-

163Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)%

164Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
163,944370709 ± 0,000016975 Da
masstal164
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
111 ± 8 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1981
Paritet+

164Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

165Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
164,944567 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal165
g-factor
Halveringstid
76 ± 4 s
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1981
Paritet-

165Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

166Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
165,94218 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal166
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
6,77 ± 0,3 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1965
Paritet+

166Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

167Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
166,9426 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal167
g-factor
Halveringstid
2,05 ± 0,05 m
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1969
Paritet

167Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

168Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
167,940568 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal168
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
25,95 ± 0,2 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1961
Paritet+

168Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
ϵ (electron capture)98%
e+ (positron emission)2%

169Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
168,941259 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal169
g-factor
Halveringstid
3,24 ± 0,04 m
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1969
Paritet-

169Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

170Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
169,939609 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal170
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
16,01 ± 0,13 h
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1961
Paritet+

170Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
ϵ (electron capture)100%

171Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
170,940492 ± 0,000031 Da
masstal171
g-factor
−0,19257142857143 ± 0,0034285714285714
Halveringstid
12,1 ± 0,4 h
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
3,46 ± 0,03
upptäcktsdatum1951
Paritet+

171Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

172Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
171,939449716 ± 0,000026224 Da
masstal172
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
1,87 ± 0,03 y
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1951
Paritet+

172Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
ϵ (electron capture)100%

173Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
172,940513 ± 0,00003 Da
masstal173
g-factor
1,004 ± 0,014
Halveringstid
23,6 ± 0,1 h
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1951
Paritet-

173Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

174Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
0,16 ± 0,12
relative atomic mass
173,940048377 ± 0,000002425 Da
masstal174
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
2 ± 0,4 Py
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1939
Paritet+

174Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
+ (double β+ decay)%

175Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
174,941511424 ± 0,00000245 Da
masstal175
g-factor
−0,2708 ± 0,0036
Halveringstid
70,65 ± 0,19 d
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
2,72 ± 0,02
upptäcktsdatum1949
Paritet-

175Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
ϵ (electron capture)100%

176Hf

natural abundance
5,26 ± 0,7
relative atomic mass
175,941409797 ± 0,000001591 Da
masstal176
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1934
Paritet+

177Hf

natural abundance
18,6 ± 0,16
relative atomic mass
176,943230187 ± 0,000001514 Da
masstal177
g-factor
0,226 ± 0,00025714285714286
Halveringstid
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
3,37 ± 0,03
upptäcktsdatum1934
Paritet-

178Hf

natural abundance
27,28 ± 0,28
relative atomic mass
177,943708322 ± 0,000001519 Da
masstal178
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1934
Paritet+

179Hf

natural abundance
13,62 ± 0,11
relative atomic mass
178,945825705 ± 0,00000152 Da
masstal179
g-factor
−0,14197777777778 ± 0,00031111111111111
Halveringstid
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
3,79 ± 0,03
upptäcktsdatum1934
Paritet+

180Hf

natural abundance
35,08 ± 0,33
relative atomic mass
179,946559537 ± 0,000001525 Da
masstal180
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1934
Paritet+

181Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
180,949110834 ± 0,000001527 Da
masstal181
g-factor
Halveringstid
42,39 ± 0,06 d
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1935
Paritet-

181Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

182Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
181,950563684 ± 0,000006619 Da
masstal182
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
8,9 ± 0,09 My
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1961
Paritet+

182Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

183Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
182,953533203 ± 0,000032251 Da
masstal183
g-factor
Halveringstid
1,018 ± 0,002 h
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1956
Paritet-

183Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

184Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
183,955448507 ± 0,000042625 Da
masstal184
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
4,12 ± 0,05 h
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1973
Paritet+

184Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

185Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
184,958862 ± 0,000069 Da
masstal185
g-factor
Halveringstid
3,5 ± 0,6 m
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1993
Paritet-

185Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

186Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
185,960897 ± 0,000055 Da
masstal186
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
2,6 ± 1,2 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1998
Paritet+

186Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

187Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
186,964573 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal187
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1999
Paritet-

187Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%

188Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
187,966903 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal188
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1999
Paritet+

188Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%

189Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
188,970853 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal189
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2009
Paritet-

189Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

190Hf

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
189,973376 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal190
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2012
Paritet+

190Hf Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
Hf-crystal bar
Hafnium

historia

upptäckare eller uppfinnareDirk Coster, Georg von Hevesy
fyndplatsDenmark
upptäcktsdatum1923
etymologiFrom Hafnia, the Latin name of Copenhagen.
uttalHAF-ni-em (engelska)

Sources

Förekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust
Abundance in Oceans
0,000007 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor
0,000017 %
Abundance in Sun
0,0000001 %
Abundance in Universe
0,00000007 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s1.3984
2p4.4012
2s18.8102
3d13.5702
3p21.0168
3s21.6885
4d36.476
4f39.7904
4p34.0704
4s33.0228
5d55.3805
5p52.415
5s50.167
6s62.8356