Гафний (Hf)

element with the atomic number of 72

Atomic Number	72
Atomic Weight	178.49
Адади массавӣ	180

Group	4
Period	6
Block	d

proton	72 p⁺
neutron	108 n⁰
electron	72 e^-

Хусусияти Физикӣ

Atomic Radius	155 pm 264 pm
molar volume	13,6 cm³/mol
covalent radius	152 pm 128 pm 122 pm 175 pm
Metallic Radius	144 pm 159 pm
ionic radius	58 pm 71 pm 76 pm 83 pm
Crystal Radius	72 pm 85 pm 90 pm 97 pm
Van der Waals radius	225 pm 223 pm 253 pm 314,1 pm
зичӣ	13,3 g/cm³ 12 000 kg/m³

Chemical Property

{ERROR}

энергия

proton affinity
electron affinity	0,014 eV/particle
ionization energy	6,82507 eV/particle 15 eV/particle 23,28 eV/particle 33,37 eV/particle 68,375 eV/particle 98 eV/particle 118 eV/particle 138 eV/particle 157 eV/particle 187 eV/particle 209 eV/particle 230 eV/particle 270 eV/particle 310 eV/particle 334 eV/particle 359 eV/particle 399 eV/particle 440 eV/particle 481 eV/particle 520 eV/particle 560 eV/particle 610 eV/particle 650 eV/particle 690 eV/particle 730 eV/particle 772 eV/particle 1 002 eV/particle 1 047 eV/particle 1 094 eV/particle 1 146 eV/particle 1 195 eV/particle 1 245 eV/particle 1 311 eV/particle 1 362 eV/particle 1 417 eV/particle 1 467 eV/particle 1 669 eV/particle 1 719 eV/particle 1 776 eV/particle 1 827 eV/particle 1 963 eV/particle 2 022 eV/particle 2 159 eV/particle 2 218,9 eV/particle 3 741 eV/particle 3 858 eV/particle 3 984 eV/particle 4 118 eV/particle 4 246 eV/particle 4 372 eV/particle 4 573 eV/particle 4 703 eV/particle 4 846 eV/particle 4 980 eV/particle 5 350 eV/particle 5 468 eV/particle 5 595 eV/particle 5 713 eV/particle 6 149 eV/particle 6 284 eV/particle 6 545 eV/particle 6 674 eV/particle 14 678 eV/particle 14 999 eV/particle 15 351 eV/particle 15 680 eV/particle 17 280 eV/particle 17 680 eV/particle 18 180 eV/particle 18 502,32 eV/particle 74 565,93 eV/particle 76 077,8 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	575 kJ/mol
гармои гудозиш	25,1 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	618,4 kJ/mol
electron

Абри электронӣ	2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2

valence electron	2 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²

oxidation number	-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
electronegativity	6,83 eV/particle 0.229987 1.3
Electrophilicity Index	0,8583981383413326 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	4 873,15 K
Melting Point	2 506,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
Ранг	Black #ff1493 #4dc2ff #4dc2ff
appearance	steel gray
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	23 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0,0000059 1/K
molar heat capacity	25,73 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,144 Ҷ/(г⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
навъ	Conductor
electrical conductivity	3,3 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0,0000003 Ω*m
superconductivity	0,128 K
magnetism
навъ	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0,0000000053 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0,000000000946 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0,0000705
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
сохт
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3,2 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness	1 700 MPa 5,5 MPa 1 760 MPa
bulk modulus	110 GPa
shear modulus	30 GPa
Young's modulus	78 GPa
Poisson's ratio	0,37
speed of sound	3 010 m/s
classification
Category	Actinides, Transition metals
CAS Group	IVA
IUPAC Group	IVB
Glawe Number	50
Mendeleev Number	45
Pettifor Number	50
Geochemical Class	high field strength
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	103 ± 6 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	1 040 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	104
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,02
ададҳои квантӣ	3F2
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Hafnium

Stable Isotopes	5
Unstable Isotopes	33
Natural Isotopes	6

¹⁵³Hf

Адади массавӣ	153
neutron number	81
Relative Atomic Mass	152,970692 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	2000
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁵⁴Hf

Адади массавӣ	154
neutron number	82
Relative Atomic Mass	153,964863 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2 ± 1 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1981
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0%

¹⁵⁵Hf

Адади массавӣ	155
neutron number	83
Relative Atomic Mass	154,963167 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	843 ± 30 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф	1981
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)

¹⁵⁶Hf

Адади массавӣ	156
neutron number	84
Relative Atomic Mass	155,959399083 ± 0,000160752 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	23 ± 1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1979
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁵⁷Hf

Адади массавӣ	157
neutron number	85
Relative Atomic Mass	156,958288 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	115 ± 1 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф	1965
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	94%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	14%

¹⁵⁸Hf

Адади массавӣ	158
neutron number	86
Relative Atomic Mass	157,954801217 ± 0,00001878 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2,85 ± 0,07 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1965
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	55.7%
α (α emission)	44.3%

¹⁵⁹Hf

Адади массавӣ	159
neutron number	87
Relative Atomic Mass	158,953995837 ± 0,000018049 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	5,2 ± 0,1 s
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф	1973
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	65%
α (α emission)	35%

¹⁶⁰Hf

Адади массавӣ	160
neutron number	88
Relative Atomic Mass	159,950682728 ± 0,000010241 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	13,6 ± 0,2 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.3%
α (α emission)	0.7%

¹⁶¹Hf

Адади массавӣ	161
neutron number	89
Relative Atomic Mass	160,950277927 ± 0,000025174 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	18,4 ± 0,4 s
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф	1973
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.71%
α (α emission)	0.29%

¹⁶²Hf

Адади массавӣ	162
neutron number	90
Relative Atomic Mass	161,947215526 ± 0,00000961 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	39,4 ± 0,9 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1982
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.992%
α (α emission)	0.008%

¹⁶³Hf

Адади массавӣ	163
neutron number	91
Relative Atomic Mass	162,947107211 ± 0,000027582 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	40 ± 0,6 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф	1982
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)

¹⁶⁴Hf

Адади массавӣ	164
neutron number	92
Relative Atomic Mass	163,944370709 ± 0,000016975 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	111 ± 8 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1981
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁵Hf

Адади массавӣ	165
neutron number	93
Relative Atomic Mass	164,944567 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	76 ± 4 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф	1981
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁶Hf

Адади массавӣ	166
neutron number	94
Relative Atomic Mass	165,94218 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	6,77 ± 0,3 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1965
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁷Hf

Адади массавӣ	167
neutron number	95
Relative Atomic Mass	166,9426 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2,05 ± 0,05 m
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф	1969
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁸Hf

Адади массавӣ	168
neutron number	96
Relative Atomic Mass	167,940568 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	25,95 ± 0,2 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1961
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	98%
e⁺ (positron emission)	2%

¹⁶⁹Hf

Адади массавӣ	169
neutron number	97
Relative Atomic Mass	168,941259 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	3,24 ± 0,04 m
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф	1969
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁰Hf

Адади массавӣ	170
neutron number	98
Relative Atomic Mass	169,939609 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	16,01 ± 0,13 h
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1961
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷¹Hf

Адади массавӣ	171
neutron number	99
Relative Atomic Mass	170,940492 ± 0,000031 Da
g-factor	-0,19257142857143 ± 0,0034285714285714
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	12,1 ± 0,4 h
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	3,46 ± 0,03
таърихи кашф	1951
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷²Hf

Адади массавӣ	172
neutron number	100
Relative Atomic Mass	171,939449716 ± 0,000026224 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1,87 ± 0,03 y
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1951
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷³Hf

Адади массавӣ	173
neutron number	101
Relative Atomic Mass	172,940513 ± 0,00003 Da
g-factor	1,004 ± 0,014
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	23,6 ± 0,1 h
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1951
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁷⁴Hf

Адади массавӣ	174
neutron number	102
Relative Atomic Mass	173,940048377 ± 0,000002425 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0,16 ± 0,12
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2 ± 0,4 Py
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1939
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

¹⁷⁵Hf

Адади массавӣ	175
neutron number	103
Relative Atomic Mass	174,941511424 ± 0,00000245 Da
g-factor	-0,2708 ± 0,0036
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	70,65 ± 0,19 d
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	2,72 ± 0,02
таърихи кашф	1949
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁷⁶Hf

Адади массавӣ	176
neutron number	104
Relative Atomic Mass	175,941409797 ± 0,000001591 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	5,26 ± 0,7
radioactivity	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1934
parity	+

¹⁷⁷Hf

Адади массавӣ	177
neutron number	105
Relative Atomic Mass	176,943230187 ± 0,000001514 Da
g-factor	0,226 ± 0,00025714285714286
natural abundance	18,6 ± 0,16
radioactivity	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	3,37 ± 0,03
таърихи кашф	1934
parity	-

¹⁷⁸Hf

Адади массавӣ	178
neutron number	106
Relative Atomic Mass	177,943708322 ± 0,000001519 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	27,28 ± 0,28
radioactivity	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1934
parity	+

¹⁷⁹Hf

Адади массавӣ	179
neutron number	107
Relative Atomic Mass	178,945825705 ± 0,00000152 Da
g-factor	-0,14197777777778 ± 0,00031111111111111
natural abundance	13,62 ± 0,11
radioactivity	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	3,79 ± 0,03
таърихи кашф	1934
parity	+

¹⁸⁰Hf

Адади массавӣ	180
neutron number	108
Relative Atomic Mass	179,946559537 ± 0,000001525 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	35,08 ± 0,33
radioactivity	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1934
parity	+

¹⁸¹Hf

Адади массавӣ	181
neutron number	109
Relative Atomic Mass	180,949110834 ± 0,000001527 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	42,39 ± 0,06 d
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1935
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸²Hf

Адади массавӣ	182
neutron number	110
Relative Atomic Mass	181,950563684 ± 0,000006619 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	8,9 ± 0,09 My
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1961
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸³Hf

Адади массавӣ	183
neutron number	111
Relative Atomic Mass	182,953533203 ± 0,000032251 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1,018 ± 0,002 h
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф	1956
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁴Hf

Адади массавӣ	184
neutron number	112
Relative Atomic Mass	183,955448507 ± 0,000042625 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	4,12 ± 0,05 h
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁵Hf

Адади массавӣ	185
neutron number	113
Relative Atomic Mass	184,958862 ± 0,000069 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	3,5 ± 0,6 m
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф	1993
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁶Hf

Адади массавӣ	186
neutron number	114
Relative Atomic Mass	185,960897 ± 0,000055 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2,6 ± 1,2 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1998
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁸⁷Hf

Адади массавӣ	187
neutron number	115
Relative Atomic Mass	186,964573 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф	1999
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁸⁸Hf

Адади массавӣ	188
neutron number	116
Relative Atomic Mass	187,966903 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	1999
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁸⁹Hf

Адади массавӣ	189
neutron number	117
Relative Atomic Mass	188,970853 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
таърихи кашф	2009
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁹⁰Hf

Адади массавӣ	190
neutron number	118
Relative Atomic Mass	189,973376 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
таърихи кашф	2012
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

таърих

кошиф	Dirk Coster, Georg von Hevesy
макони кашф	Denmark
таърихи кашф	1923
Решашиносӣ	From Hafnia, the Latin name of Copenhagen.
pronunciation	HAF-ni-em (Англисӣ)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	3 mg/kg
natural abundance (Уқёнус)	0,000007 mg/L
natural abundance (human body)
natural abundance (meteoroid)	0,000017 %
natural abundance (Офтоб)	0,0000001 %
Abundance in Universe	0,00000007 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.3984
2	p	4.4012
2	s	18.8102
3	d	13.5702
3	p	21.0168
3	s	21.6885
4	d	36.476
4	f	39.7904
4	p	34.0704
4	s	33.0228
5	d	55.3805
5	p	52.415
5	s	50.167
6	s	62.8356

Гафний on ChemicalAid

Гафний (Hf)

Хусусияти Физикӣ

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Hafnium

153Hf

154Hf

155Hf

156Hf

157Hf

158Hf

159Hf

160Hf

161Hf

162Hf

163Hf

164Hf

165Hf

166Hf

167Hf

168Hf

169Hf

170Hf

171Hf

172Hf

173Hf

174Hf

175Hf

176Hf

177Hf

178Hf

179Hf

180Hf

181Hf

182Hf

183Hf

184Hf

185Hf

186Hf

187Hf

188Hf

189Hf

190Hf

таърих

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

¹⁵³Hf

¹⁵⁴Hf

¹⁵⁵Hf

¹⁵⁶Hf

¹⁵⁷Hf

¹⁵⁸Hf

¹⁵⁹Hf

¹⁶⁰Hf

¹⁶¹Hf

¹⁶²Hf

¹⁶³Hf

¹⁶⁴Hf

¹⁶⁵Hf

¹⁶⁶Hf

¹⁶⁷Hf

¹⁶⁸Hf

¹⁶⁹Hf

¹⁷⁰Hf

¹⁷¹Hf

¹⁷²Hf

¹⁷³Hf

¹⁷⁴Hf

¹⁷⁵Hf

¹⁷⁶Hf

¹⁷⁷Hf

¹⁷⁸Hf

¹⁷⁹Hf

¹⁸⁰Hf

¹⁸¹Hf

¹⁸²Hf

¹⁸³Hf

¹⁸⁴Hf

¹⁸⁵Hf

¹⁸⁶Hf

¹⁸⁷Hf

¹⁸⁸Hf

¹⁸⁹Hf

¹⁹⁰Hf