Kvicksilver

Kvicksilver (Hg)

grundämne
Atomnummer80
Atommassa200.592
masstal202
Grupp12
Period6
Blockd
Protoner80 p+
Neutroner122 n0
Electrons80 e-
Animated Bohrs atommodell of Hg (Kvicksilver)

Egenskaper

fysisk egenskap
atomradie
150 pm
molvolym
kovalent radie
133 pm
Metallic Radius
139 pm
ionic radius
97 pm
Crystal Radius
111 pm
Van der Waalsradie
223 pm
densitet
13,5336 g/cm³
energi
proton affinity
Elektronaffinitet
joniseringsenergi
10,437504 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi of Hg (Kvicksilver)
ångbildningsvärme
58,5 kJ/mol
smältvärme
2,295 kJ/mol
Bildningsentalpi
61,38 kJ/mol
Electrons
electron shell2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2
Bohrs atommodell: Hg (Kvicksilver)
valenselektron2
elektronkonfiguration[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Enhanced Bohrs atommodell of Hg (Kvicksilver)
Orbital Diagram of Hg (Kvicksilver)
oxidationstal-2, 1, 2
elektronegativitet
1.9
Electrophilicity
Phases
aggregationstillståndFlytande
Gas Phase
Kokpunkt
629,769 K
Smältpunkt
234,321 K
critical pressure
167 MPa
critical temperature
1 764,15 K
trippelpunkt
234,3156 K
Visual
färg
Silver
appearancesilvery
Brytningsindex
1,000933
materialegenskap
Värmeledningsförmåga
termisk expansion
0,000181 1/K
molar heat capacity
27,983 J/(mol K)
Specifik värmekapacitet
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
elektrisk konduktivitet
1 MS/m
resistivitet
0,00000096 m Ω
supraledare
4,154 K
magnetism
typediamagnetic
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass)
−0,0000000021 m³/Kg
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar)
−0,000000000421 m³/mol
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume)
−0,0000284
magnetic ordering
Curiepunkten
Néel temperature
Structure
KristallstrukturEnkelt trigonal (RHL)
Gitterkonstant
2,99 Å
Lattice Angles1.23081, 1.23081, 1.23081
mekanisk materialegenskap
hårdhet
Kompressibilitet
25 GPa
skjuvmodul
Young's modulus
Poissons konstant
ljudhastighet
1 407 m/s
klassificering
KategoriÖvergångsmetaller, Transition metals
CAS GroupIIB
IUPAC GroupIIB
Glawe Number76
Mendeleev Number79
Pettifor Number74
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt classificationchalcophile
övrigt
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability
33,91 ± 0,34 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
Allotropes
Träffyta
374
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,063
kvanttal1S0
rymdgrupp166 (R_3m)

Kvicksilverisotoper

Stabila isotoper7
Instabila isotoper40
Radioactive Isotopes40

170Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
170,005814 ± 0,000324 Da
masstal170
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
310 ± 250 us
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2019
Paritet+

170Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%

171Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
171,003585 ± 0,000329 Da
masstal171
g-factor
Halveringstid
70 ± 30 us
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2004
Paritet-

171Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

172Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
171,998860581 ± 0,000161098 Da
masstal172
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
231 ± 9 us
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1999
Paritet+

172Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

173Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
172,997143 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal173
g-factor
Halveringstid
800 ± 80 us
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1999
Paritet-

173Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%

174Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
173,992870575 ± 0,000020623 Da
masstal174
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
2 ± 0,4 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1997
Paritet+

174Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

175Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
174,991444451 ± 0,000087047 Da
masstal175
g-factor
Halveringstid
10,2 ± 0,3 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1983
Paritet-

175Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

176Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
175,98734867 ± 0,000011936 Da
masstal176
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
20,3 ± 1,4 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1983
Paritet+

176Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)90%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

177Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
176,98628459 ± 0,000090952 Da
masstal177
g-factor
−0,29142857142857 ± 0,014285714285714
Halveringstid
117 ± 7 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1975
Paritet-

177Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

178Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
177,982484756 ± 0,000011548 Da
masstal178
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
266,5 ± 2,4 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1971
Paritet+

178Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)89%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

179Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
178,981821759 ± 0,000030188 Da
masstal179
g-factor
−0,26857142857143 ± 0,0057142857142857
Halveringstid
1,05 ± 0,03 s
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1970
Paritet-

179Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)75%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)25%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)0.15%

180Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
179,97826018 ± 0,000013574 Da
masstal180
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
2,59 ± 0,01 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1970
Paritet+

180Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)52%
α (α emission)48%

181Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
180,977819368 ± 0,000016513 Da
masstal181
g-factor
Halveringstid
3,6 ± 0,1 s
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1969
Paritet-

181Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)73%
α (α emission)27%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)0.014%
β+α (β+-delayed α emission)9%

182Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
181,974689173 ± 0,00001051 Da
masstal182
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
10,83 ± 0,06 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1968
Paritet+

182Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)86.2%
α (α emission)13.8%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)1%

183Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
182,974444652 ± 0,000007604 Da
masstal183
g-factor
Halveringstid
9,4 ± 0,7 s
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1969
Paritet-

183Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)88.3%
α (α emission)11.7%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)2.6%

184Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
183,971717709 ± 0,000010235 Da
masstal184
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
30,87 ± 0,26 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1969
Paritet+

184Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)98.89%
α (α emission)1.11%

185Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
184,971890696 ± 0,000014641 Da
masstal185
g-factor
Halveringstid
49,1 ± 1 s
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1960
Paritet-

185Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)94%
α (α emission)6%

186Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
185,969362061 ± 0,000012507 Da
masstal186
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
1,38 ± 0,06 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1960
Paritet+

186Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)0.016%

187Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
186,96981354 ± 0,00001381 Da
masstal187
g-factor
Halveringstid
1,9 ± 0,3 m
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1960
Paritet-

187Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)%

188Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
187,967580738 ± 0,000007285 Da
masstal188
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
3,25 ± 0,15 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1960
Paritet+

188Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)3.7%

189Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
188,968194776 ± 0,000033873 Da
masstal189
g-factor
Halveringstid
7,6 ± 0,2 m
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1955
Paritet-

189Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)%

190Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
189,96632225 ± 0,000017076 Da
masstal190
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
20 ± 0,5 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1959
Paritet+

190Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)%

191Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
190,967158301 ± 0,000023918 Da
masstal191
g-factor
Halveringstid
49 ± 10 m
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1954
Paritet-

191Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)%

192Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
191,965634263 ± 0,000016679 Da
masstal192
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
4,85 ± 0,2 h
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1952
Paritet+

192Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
ϵ (electron capture)100%
α (α emission)%

193Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
192,966653395 ± 0,000016645 Da
masstal193
g-factor
−0,41673333333333 ± 0,00053333333333333
Halveringstid
3,8 ± 0,15 h
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−0,7 ± 0,3
upptäcktsdatum1952
Paritet-

193Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

194Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
193,965449108 ± 0,0000031 Da
masstal194
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
447 ± 28 y
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1962
Paritet+

194Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
ϵ (electron capture)100%

195Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
194,966705809 ± 0,000024843 Da
masstal195
g-factor
1,0786 ± 0,0012
Halveringstid
10,69 ± 0,16 h
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1952
Paritet-

195Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

196Hg

natural abundance
0,15 ± 0,01
relative atomic mass
195,965833445 ± 0,000003163 Da
masstal196
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1930
Paritet+

196Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
+ (double β+ decay)%

197Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
196,967213715 ± 0,000003442 Da
masstal197
g-factor
1,0506 ± 0,0012
Halveringstid
64,93 ± 0,07 h
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1941
Paritet-

197Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
ϵ (electron capture)100%

198Hg

natural abundance
10,04 ± 0,03
relative atomic mass
197,966769177 ± 0,000000491 Da
masstal198
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1925
Paritet+

199Hg

natural abundance
16,94 ± 0,12
relative atomic mass
198,968280994 ± 0,000000564 Da
masstal199
g-factor
1,0078 ± 0,0012
Halveringstid
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1925
Paritet-

200Hg

natural abundance
23,14 ± 0,09
relative atomic mass
199,968326941 ± 0,000000568 Da
masstal200
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1925
Paritet+

201Hg

natural abundance
13,17 ± 0,09
relative atomic mass
200,970303054 ± 0,000000763 Da
masstal201
g-factor
−0,372 ± 0,00046666666666667
Halveringstid
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1925
Paritet-

202Hg

natural abundance
29,74 ± 0,13
relative atomic mass
201,970643604 ± 0,000000757 Da
masstal202
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1920
Paritet+

203Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
202,972872396 ± 0,00000175 Da
masstal203
g-factor
Halveringstid
46,61 ± 0,01 d
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,344 ± 0,007
upptäcktsdatum1943
Paritet-

203Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

204Hg

natural abundance
6,82 ± 0,04
relative atomic mass
203,973494037 ± 0,000000534 Da
masstal204
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1920
Paritet+

204Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
(double β decay)%

205Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
204,976073151 ± 0,000003923 Da
masstal205
g-factor
Halveringstid
5,14 ± 0,09 m
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1940
Paritet-

205Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

206Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
205,977513837 ± 0,000021943 Da
masstal206
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
8,32 ± 0,07 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1961
Paritet+

206Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

207Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
206,9823 ± 0,000032 Da
masstal207
g-factor
Halveringstid
2,9 ± 0,2 m
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1982
Paritet+

207Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

208Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
207,985759 ± 0,000033 Da
masstal208
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
135 ± 10 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1994
Paritet+

208Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

209Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
208,990757 ± 0,000161 Da
masstal209
g-factor
Halveringstid
6,3 ± 1,1 s
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1998
Paritet+

209Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

210Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
209,99431 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal210
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
64 ± 12 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1998
Paritet+

210Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)2.2%

211Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
210,999581 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal211
g-factor
Halveringstid
26,4 ± 8,1 s
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

211Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)6.3%

212Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
212,003242 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal212
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

212Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

213Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
213,008803 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal213
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

213Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

214Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
214,012636 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal214
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

214Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

215Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
215,018368 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal215
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

215Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

216Hg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
216,022459 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal216
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

216Hg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
Mercury-element

historia

upptäckare eller uppfinnareKnown to the ancients.
fyndplats
upptäcktsdatum
etymologiFrom the Roman god Mercury; symbol from Latin: hydrargyrus (liquid silver).
uttalMER-kyoo-ri (engelska)

Sources

Förekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,085 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans
0,00003 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor
0,000025 %
Abundance in Sun
0,000002 %
Abundance in Universe
0,0000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s1.5419
2p4.499
2s20.8906
3d13.4804
3p22.4798
3s23.4587
4d37.532
4f38.2392
4p35.594
4s34.7552
5d59.144
5p54.033
5s51.889
6s68.8466