Iodine (I)

Iodine is the 53rd element in the periodic table and has a symbol of I and atomic number of 53. It has an atomic weight of 126.90447 and a mass number of 127. Iodine has fifty-three protons and seventy-four neutrons in its nucleus, and fifty-three electrons in five shells. It is located in group seventeen, period five and block p of the periodic table. Dark violet nonmetallic element, belongs to group 17 of the periodic table. Insoluble in water. Required as a trace element for living organisms. One stable isotope, I-127 exists, in addition to fourteen radioactive isotopes. Chemically the least reactive of the halogens, and the most electropositive metallic halogen. Discovered in 1812 by Courtois.

Atomic Number	53
Atomic Weight	126.90447
Mass Number	127

Group	17
Period	5
Block	p

Protons	53 p⁺
Neutrons	74 n⁰
Electrons	53 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	140 pm 238 pm
Molar Volume	25.7 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	133 pm 129 pm 125 pm 140 pm 139 pm
Metallic Radius	139 pm
Ionic Radius	220 pm 44 pm 95 pm 42 pm 53 pm
Crystal Radius	206 pm 58 pm 109 pm 56 pm 67 pm
Van der Waals Radius	210 pm 198 pm 415 pm 198 pm 236 pm 203 pm 450 pm
Density	4.933 g/cm³
Energy
Proton Affinity	608.2 kJ/mol
Electron Affinity	3.0590368 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	10.45126 eV/particle 19.13126 eV/particle 29.57 eV/particle 40.36 eV/particle 51.517 eV/particle 74.37 eV/particle 87.61 eV/particle 150.81 eV/particle 171 eV/particle 197 eV/particle 220.9 eV/particle 247 eV/particle 279 eV/particle 307 eV/particle 335 eV/particle 365 eV/particle 393 eV/particle 505 eV/particle 535 eV/particle 569 eV/particle 601 eV/particle 649 eV/particle 683 eV/particle 762 eV/particle 800.76 eV/particle 1,397 eV/particle 1,472 eV/particle 1,553 eV/particle 1,639 eV/particle 1,720 eV/particle 1,812 eV/particle 1,911 eV/particle 1,999 eV/particle 2,093 eV/particle 2,181 eV/particle 2,431 eV/particle 2,510 eV/particle 2,598 eV/particle 2,680 eV/particle 2,836 eV/particle 2,930 eV/particle 3,096 eV/particle 3,185.5 eV/particle 7,337 eV/particle 7,600 eV/particle 7,800 eV/particle 8,044 eV/particle 8,601 eV/particle 8,867 eV/particle 9,196 eV/particle 9,421.1 eV/particle 38,716.994 eV/particle 39,721.41 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	41.95 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	15.52 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	106.757 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 18, 7

Valence Electrons	7

Electron Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁵

Oxidation States	-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Electronegativity	13.95 eV/particle 0.2195176 2.66
Electrophilicity	3.0864889135126865 eV/particle
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	457.55 K
Melting Point	386.85 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature	819.15 K
Triple Point	386.75 K 12.11 kPa
Visual
Iodine is a Slate Gray. I has a CPK of #a020f0, Jmol of #940094, and MOLCAS GV of #940094. The Appearance of Element 53 is lustrous metallic gray, violet as a gas.
Color	Slate Gray #a020f0 #940094 #940094
Appearance	lustrous metallic gray, violet as a gas
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Molar Heat Capacity	54.43 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.214 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Insulator
Electrical Conductivity	0.0000000000001 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	10,000,000 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	diamagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000045 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	-0.00000000114 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	-0.0000222
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Iodine is ORC. The lattice constant of I is 7.72 Å. The lattice angles of Element 53 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Base Centered Orthorhombic (ORC)
Lattice Constant	7.72 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
The Bulk Modulus of Iodine is 7.7 GPa.
Hardness
Bulk Modulus	7.7 GPa
Shear Modulus
Young Modulus
Poisson Ratio
Speed of Sound
Classification
The CAS Group of Iodine is VIIB. The IUPAC Group of I is VIIA. The Glawe Number of Element 53 is 99. The Mendeleev Number of Iodine (I) is 109. The Pettifor Number of Iodine is 97. The Geochemical Class of I is semi-volatile. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 53 is litophile.
Category	Halogens, Halogens
CAS Group	VIIB
IUPAC Group	VIIA
Glawe Number	99
Mendeleev Number	109
Pettifor Number	97
Geochemical Class	semi-volatile
Goldschmidt Class	litophile
Other
The Gas Basicity of Iodine is 583.5 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of I is 32.9 plus or minus 1.3 a₀. Element 53 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 385 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 389 a₀. The Allotropes of Iodine (I) is Diiodine. The Neutron Cross Section of Iodine is 6.3. The Neutron Mass Absorption of I is 0.0018. The Quantum Numbers of Element 53 is 2P3/2. The Space Group of Iodine (I) is 64 (Cmca).
Gas Basicity	583.5 kJ/mol
Dipole Polarizability	32.9 ± 1.3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	385 a₀ 389 a₀
Allotropes	Diiodine
Neutron Cross Section	6.3
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0018
Quantum Numbers	2P3/2
Space Group	64 (Cmca)

Isotopes of Iodine

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	41
Radioactive Isotopes	40

¹⁰⁶I

Abundance
Relative Atomic Mass	105.953516 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	106
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity

¹⁰⁶I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	%

¹⁰⁷I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	106.946935 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	107
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

¹⁰⁷I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	%

¹⁰⁸I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	107.943348 ± 0.000109 Da
Mass Number	108
G-Factor
Half Life	26.4 ± 0.8 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1991
Parity	+

¹⁰⁸I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	99.5%
p (proton emission)	0.5%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹⁰⁹I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	108.938086022 ± 0.000007223 Da
Mass Number	109
G-Factor
Half Life	92.8 ± 0.8 us
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1984
Parity	+

¹⁰⁹I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	99.986%
α (α emission)	0.014%

¹¹⁰I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	109.935085102 ± 0.000066494 Da
Mass Number	110
G-Factor
Half Life	664 ± 24 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

¹¹⁰I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	83%
α (α emission)	17%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	11%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	1.1%

¹¹¹I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	110.930269236 ± 0.000005103 Da
Mass Number	111
G-Factor
Half Life	2.5 ± 0.2 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

¹¹¹I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.088%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹¹²I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	111.928004548 ± 0.000011 Da
Mass Number	112
G-Factor
Half Life	3.34 ± 0.08 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

¹¹²I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.0012%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.88%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.104%

¹¹³I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	112.923650062 ± 0.0000086 Da
Mass Number	113
G-Factor
Half Life	6.6 ± 0.2 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

¹¹³I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	3.31%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	%

¹¹⁴I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	113.9220189 ± 0.0000215 Da
Mass Number	114
G-Factor
Half Life	2.01 ± 0.15 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

¹¹⁴I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%
α (α emission)	7.7%

¹¹⁵I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	114.918048 ± 0.000031 Da
Mass Number	115
G-Factor
Half Life	1.3 ± 0.2 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	+

¹¹⁵I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁶I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	115.916885513 ± 0.000080555 Da
Mass Number	116
G-Factor
Half Life	2.91 ± 0.15 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	+

¹¹⁶I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁷I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	116.913645649 ± 0.000027437 Da
Mass Number	117
G-Factor	1.24 ± 0.08
Half Life	2.22 ± 0.04 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1969
Parity

¹¹⁷I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	77%

¹¹⁸I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	117.913074 ± 0.000021213 Da
Mass Number	118
G-Factor	1 ± 0.1
Half Life	13.7 ± 0.5 m
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	-

¹¹⁸I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁹I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	118.91006091 ± 0.000023302 Da
Mass Number	119
G-Factor	1.16 ± 0.04
Half Life	19.1 ± 0.4 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1954
Parity	+

¹¹⁹I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	51%
ϵ (electron capture)	49%

¹²⁰I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	119.910093729 ± 0.000016212 Da
Mass Number	120
G-Factor	0.615 ± 0.015
Half Life	81.67 ± 0.18 m
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	-

¹²⁰I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²¹I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	120.907411492 ± 0.00000507 Da
Mass Number	121
G-Factor	0.92 ± 0.04
Half Life	2.12 ± 0.01 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

¹²¹I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²²I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	121.907590094 ± 0.000005561 Da
Mass Number	122
G-Factor	0.94 ± 0.03
Half Life	3.63 ± 0.06 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

¹²²I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	78%
ϵ (electron capture)	22%

¹²³I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	122.905589753 ± 0.000003956 Da
Mass Number	123
G-Factor	1.1272 ± 0.0028
Half Life	13.2232 ± 0.0015 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	+

¹²³I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁴I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	123.906210297 ± 0.000002467 Da
Mass Number	124
G-Factor	0.723 ± 0.002
Half Life	4.176 ± 0.0003 d
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	-

¹²⁴I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁵I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	124.90463061 ± 0.000001452 Da
Mass Number	125
G-Factor	1.1284 ± 0.002
Half Life	59.392 ± 0.008 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.752 ± 0.017
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

¹²⁵I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹²⁶I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	125.905624205 ± 0.000004055 Da
Mass Number	126
G-Factor	0.719 ± 0.002
Half Life	12.93 ± 0.05 d
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	-

¹²⁶I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	52.7%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	47.3%

¹²⁷I

Abundance	100
Relative Atomic Mass	126.904472592 ± 0.000003887 Da
Mass Number	127
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.688 ± 0.01
Discovery Year	1920
Parity	+

¹²⁸I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	127.905809355 ± 0.000003887 Da
Mass Number	128
G-Factor
Half Life	24.99 ± 0.02 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1934
Parity	+

¹²⁸I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	93.1%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	6.9%

¹²⁹I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	128.904983643 ± 0.000003385 Da
Mass Number	129
G-Factor
Half Life	16.14 ± 0.12 My
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

¹²⁹I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³⁰I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	129.906670168 ± 0.000003385 Da
Mass Number	130
G-Factor	0.6698 ± 0.0014
Half Life	12.36 ± 0.01 h
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	+

¹³⁰I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³¹I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	130.906126375 ± 0.000000649 Da
Mass Number	131
G-Factor	0.78228571428571 ± 0.00028571428571429
Half Life	8.0249 ± 0.0006 d
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.34 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	+

¹³¹I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³²I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	131.907993511 ± 0.000004364 Da
Mass Number	132
G-Factor	0.772 ± 0.00175
Half Life	2.295 ± 0.013 h
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment	0.08 ± 0.01
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

¹³²I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³³I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	132.9078284 ± 0.000006335 Da
Mass Number	133
G-Factor	0.816 ± 0.0014285714285714
Half Life	20.83 ± 0.08 h
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.23 ± 0.01
Discovery Year	1940
Parity	+

¹³³I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³⁴I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	133.90977566 ± 0.000005213 Da
Mass Number	134
G-Factor
Half Life	52.5 ± 0.2 m
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1948
Parity

¹³⁴I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³⁵I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	134.910059355 ± 0.000002211 Da
Mass Number	135
G-Factor	0.84 ± 0.00057142857142857
Half Life	6.58 ± 0.03 h
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1940
Parity	+

¹³⁵I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³⁶I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	135.914604693 ± 0.000015231 Da
Mass Number	136
G-Factor
Half Life	83.4 ± 0.4 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	-

¹³⁶I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³⁷I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	136.918028178 ± 0.000009 Da
Mass Number	137
G-Factor
Half Life	24.13 ± 0.12 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1943
Parity	+

¹³⁷I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	7.51%

¹³⁸I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	137.922726392 ± 0.0000064 Da
Mass Number	138
G-Factor
Half Life	6.26 ± 0.03 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	-

¹³⁸I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5.33%

¹³⁹I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	138.9264934 ± 0.0000043 Da
Mass Number	139
G-Factor
Half Life	2.28 ± 0.011 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	+

¹³⁹I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	9.74%

¹⁴⁰I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	139.931715914 ± 0.000013 Da
Mass Number	140
G-Factor
Half Life	588 ± 10 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	-

¹⁴⁰I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	7.6%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁴¹I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	140.935666081 ± 0.000017 Da
Mass Number	141
G-Factor
Half Life	420 ± 7 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1974
Parity	+

¹⁴¹I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	21.2%

¹⁴²I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	141.941166595 ± 0.0000053 Da
Mass Number	142
G-Factor
Half Life	235 ± 11 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1975
Parity	-

¹⁴²I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁴³I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	142.945475 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	143
G-Factor
Half Life	182 ± 8 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹⁴³I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁴⁴I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	143.951336 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	144
G-Factor
Half Life	94 ± 8 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	-

¹⁴⁴I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁴⁵I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	144.955845 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	145
G-Factor
Half Life	89.7 ± 9.3 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

¹⁴⁵I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁴⁶I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	145.961846 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	146
G-Factor
Half Life	94 ± 26 ms
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity

¹⁴⁶I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁴⁷I

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	146.966505 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	147
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	-

¹⁴⁷I Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

History

Iodine was discovered by French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811. He treated the liquor obtained from the extraction of kelp, with sulfuric acid to produce a vapour with a violet color. In 1812, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac demonstrated that iodine was an element and its chemical relationship to chlorine. From the Greek word iodes, violet

Discoverers	Bernard Courtois
Discovery Location	France
Discovery Year	1811
Etymology (Name Origin)	Greek: iôeides (violet colored).
Pronunciation	EYE-eh-dine (English)

Elemental iodine is toxic if taken orally

Kelp was the main source of natural iodine in the 18th and 19th centuries

Uses

Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine. A solution containing potassium iodide and iodine in alcohol is used to disinfect external wounds. Silver iodide is a major ingredient to traditional photographic film. Iodine is added to table salt to prevent thyroid disease. Required in small amounts by humans. Once used as an antiseptic, but no longer due to its poisonous nature.

Sources

Occurs on land and in the sea in sodium and potassium compounds.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.45 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.06 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body	0.00002 %
Abundance in Meteor	0.000025 %
Abundance in Sun
Abundance in Universe	0.0000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.0609
2	p	4.1526
2	s	13.933
3	d	14.0993
3	p	18.1586
3	s	18.2126
4	d	32.066
4	p	28.9704
4	s	27.7028
5	p	41.3885
5	s	39.5965

Iodine on ChemicalAid

AEDA subject keyword ID	17588
Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300380217
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3532
BNCF Thesaurus ID	20089
Biblioteca Nacional de España ID	XX529206
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	11966629x
CAS Registry Number	7553-56-2
ChEBI ID	36897
DeCS ID	7619
Den Store Danske ID	jod
DrugBank ID	05382
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/iodine
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	iode
Freebase ID	/m/025rw2h
French Vikidia ID	Iode
GND ID	4162271-6
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2017504
Gujarati Vishwakosh entry	આયોડિન-રસાયણ
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0000675
KBpedia ID	Iodine
KEGG ID	C01382
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/IOD.html
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/IOD_V_PRIRODE.html
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85067769
MeSH descriptor ID	D007455
NALT ID	43370
NDL Authority ID	00574371
NKCR AUT ID	ph425901
NSC number	42355
Namuwiki ID	아이오딘
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007558171005171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	2018
Online PWN Encyclopedia ID	3918052
OpenAlex ID	C539932907
OpenAlex ID	C3017531110
PSH ID	5814
Postimees topic ID	144752
Quora topic ID	Iodine
Spanish Vikidia ID	Yodo
Store medisinske leksikon ID	jod
Store medisinske leksikon ID	jod_-_fysiologiske_egenskaper
Store norske leksikon ID	jod
Treccani ID	iodio
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/8286/8446
USGS Thesaurus ID	1481
WikiSkripta ID	30611
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14665575-n
YSA ID	Y100665
YSO ID	18902
Yle topic ID	18-214695
Zhihu topic ID	19566083

Iodine (I)

Properties

Isotopes of Iodine

106I

106I Decay Modes

107I

107I Decay Modes

108I

108I Decay Modes

109I

109I Decay Modes

110I

110I Decay Modes

111I

111I Decay Modes

112I

112I Decay Modes

113I

113I Decay Modes

114I

114I Decay Modes

115I

115I Decay Modes

116I

116I Decay Modes

117I

117I Decay Modes

118I

118I Decay Modes

119I

119I Decay Modes

120I

120I Decay Modes

121I

121I Decay Modes

122I

122I Decay Modes

123I

123I Decay Modes

124I

124I Decay Modes

125I

125I Decay Modes

126I

126I Decay Modes

127I

128I

128I Decay Modes

129I

129I Decay Modes

130I

130I Decay Modes

131I

131I Decay Modes

132I

132I Decay Modes

133I

133I Decay Modes

134I

134I Decay Modes

135I

135I Decay Modes

136I

136I Decay Modes

137I

137I Decay Modes

138I

138I Decay Modes

139I

139I Decay Modes

140I

140I Decay Modes

141I

141I Decay Modes

142I

142I Decay Modes

143I

143I Decay Modes

144I

144I Decay Modes