Atomic Number | 52 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 127.6 |
Mass Number | 130 |
Group | 16 |
---|---|
Period | 5 |
Block | p |
Protons | 52 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 78 n0 |
Electrons | 52 e- |
Physical Properties | |
---|---|
Atomic Radius | 140 pm
|
Molar Volume | 20.5 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 136 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 137 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 221 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 207 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 206 pm
|
Density | 6.232 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 1.970876 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 9.00966 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 49.8 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 17.91 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 196.6 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 |
Valence Electrons | 6 |
Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4 |
Oxidation States | -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |
Electronegativity | 2.1
|
Electrophilicity | 2.141210947219293 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 1,261.15 K
|
Melting Point | 722.66 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | 2,329.15 K
|
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Tellurium is a Silver. Te has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #d47a00, and MOLCAS GV of #d47a00. The Refractive Index of Element 52 is 1.000991. | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | |
Refractive Index | 1.000991
|
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 14.3 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | |
Molar Heat Capacity | 25.73 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.202 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Semiconductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 0.01 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.0001 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | diamagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | -0.0000000039 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | -0.000000000498 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | -0.0000243
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Tellurium is HEX. The lattice constant of Te is 4.45 Å. The lattice angles of Element 52 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3. | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Trigonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | 4.45 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Tellurium has a Brinell of 180 MPa, and Mohs hardness of 2.25 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Te is 65 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 52 is 16 GPa. The Young Modulus of Tellurium (Te) is 43 GPa. The Speed of Sound of Tellurium is 2610 m/s. | |
Hardness | 2.25 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 65 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 16 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 43 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | |
Speed of Sound | 2,610 m/s
|
Classification | |
The CAS Group of Tellurium is VIB. The IUPAC Group of Te is VIA. The Glawe Number of Element 52 is 94. The Mendeleev Number of Tellurium (Te) is 102. The Pettifor Number of Tellurium is 92. The Geochemical Class of Te is semi-volatile. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 52 is chalcophile. | |
Category | Metalloids, Metalloids |
CAS Group | VIB |
IUPAC Group | VIA |
Glawe Number | 94 |
Mendeleev Number | 102 |
Pettifor Number | 92 |
Geochemical Class | semi-volatile |
Goldschmidt Class | chalcophile |
Other | |
The Dipole Polarizability of Tellurium is 38 plus or minus 4 a₀. Te has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 445 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 471 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 52 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Tellurium (Te) is 5.4. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Tellurium is 0.0013. The Quantum Numbers of Te is 3P2. The Space Group of Element 52 is 152 (P3121). | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | 445 a₀
|
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 5.4
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0013
|
Quantum Numbers | 3P2 |
Space Group | 152 (P3121) |
Stable Isotopes | 8 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 34 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 36 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 104 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 105 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 633 ± 66 ns
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2006 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 106 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 78 ± 11 us
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 107 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.22 ± 0.09 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 70% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 108 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.1 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 51% |
α (α emission) | 49% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 2.4% |
β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | 0.065% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 109 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.4 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 96.1% |
α (α emission) | 3.9% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 9.4% |
β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | 0.0049% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 110 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 18.6 ± 0.8 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 111 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 26.2 ± 0.6 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 112 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1976 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 113 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.7 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 114 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 15.2 ± 0.7 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1968 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 115 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.8 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 116 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.49 ± 0.04 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1958 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 117 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 62 ± 2 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1958 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 75% |
e+ (positron emission) | 25% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 118 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 6 ± 0.02 d
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 119 |
G-Factor | 0.5 ± 0.1
|
Half Life | 16.05 ± 0.05 h
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 97.94% |
e+ (positron emission) | 2.06% |
Abundance | 0.09 ± 0.01
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 120 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1936 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β+ (double β+ decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 121 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 19.31 ± 0.07 d
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1939 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | 2.55 ± 0.12
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 122 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1932 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 0.89 ± 0.03
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 123 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1932 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | 4.74 ± 0.14
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 124 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1932 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 7.07 ± 0.15
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 125 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1931 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 8.84 ± 0.25
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 126 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 127 |
G-Factor | 0.42333333333333 ± 0.0026666666666667
|
Half Life | 9.35 ± 0.07 h
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 31.74 ± 0.08
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 128 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.25 ± 0.09 Yy
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 129 |
G-Factor | 0.468 ± 0.0026666666666667
|
Half Life | 69.6 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.055 ± 0.013
|
Discovery Year | 1939 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 34.08 ± 0.62
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 130 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 791 ± 21 Ey
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 131 |
G-Factor | 0.464 ± 0.006
|
Half Life | 25 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1939 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 132 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 3.204 ± 0.013 d
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 133 |
G-Factor | 0.56666666666667 ± 0.013333333333333
|
Half Life | 12.5 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.23 ± 0.09
|
Discovery Year | 1940 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 134 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 41.8 ± 0.8 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 135 |
G-Factor | -0.19714285714286 ± 0.014285714285714
|
Half Life | 19 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.29 ± 0.09
|
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 136 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 17.63 ± 0.09 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 1.37% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 137 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.49 ± 0.05 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1975 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 2.94% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 138 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 1.46 ± 0.25 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1975 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 4.8% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 139 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 724 ± 81 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 140 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 351 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 141 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 193 ± 16 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 142 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 147 ± 8 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 143 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 120 ± 8 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 144 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 93 ± 60 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2015 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 145 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Tellurium was discovered in Transylvania in 1782 by Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein in a mineral containing tellurium and gold. In 1789, another Hungarian scientist, Pál Kitaibel, also discovered the element independently in an ore from Deutsch-Pilsen which had been regarded as argentiferous molybdenite. In 1798, it was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth who earlier isolated it from the mineral calaverite. From the Latin word tellus, earth
Discoverers | Franz Müller von Reichenstein |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Romania |
Discovery Year | 1782 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Latin: tellus (earth). |
Pronunciation | te-LOOR-i-em (English) |
Obtained as a by-product of copper and lead refining.
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | 0.001 mg/kg
|
Abundance in Oceans | |
Abundance in Human Body | |
Abundance in Meteor | 0.00021 %
|
Abundance in Sun | |
Abundance in Universe | 0.0000009 %
|
1 | s | 1.0432 |
2 | p | 4.14 |
2 | s | 13.6688 |
3 | d | 14.1607 |
3 | p | 17.9911 |
3 | s | 18.0019 |
4 | d | 32.04 |
4 | p | 28.878 |
4 | s | 27.5916 |
5 | p | 41.1915 |
5 | s | 39.462 |