Jod

Jod (I)

grundämne
Atomnummer53
Atommassa126.90447
masstal127
Grupp17
Period5
Blockp
Protoner53 p+
Neutroner74 n0
Electrons53 e-
Animated Bohrs atommodell of I (Jod)

Egenskaper

atomradie
140 pm
molvolym
kovalent radie
133 pm
Metallic Radius
ionic radius
220 pm
Crystal Radius
206 pm
Van der Waalsradie
198 pm
densitet
4,933 g/cm³
energi
proton affinity
608,2 kJ/mol
Elektronaffinitet
3,0590368 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi
10,45126 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi of I (Jod)
ångbildningsvärme
41,95 kJ/mol
smältvärme
15,52 kJ/mol
Bildningsentalpi
106,757 kJ/mol
Electrons
electron shell2, 8, 18, 18, 7
Bohrs atommodell: I (Jod)
valenselektron7
Elektronformel: I (Jod)
elektronkonfiguration[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
Enhanced Bohrs atommodell of I (Jod)
Orbital Diagram of I (Jod)
oxidationstal-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
elektronegativitet
2.66
Electrophilicity
3,0864889135126865 eV/particle
Phases
aggregationstillståndFast
Gas Phase
Kokpunkt
457,55 K
Smältpunkt
386,85 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
819,15 K
trippelpunkt
386,75 K
12,11 kPa
Visual
färg
Slate Gray
appearancelustrous metallic gray, violet as a gas
Brytningsindex
materialegenskap
Värmeledningsförmåga
termisk expansion
molar heat capacity
54,43 J/(mol K)
Specifik värmekapacitet
0,214 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeInsulator
elektrisk konduktivitet
0,0000000000001 MS/m
resistivitet
10 000 000 m Ω
supraledare
magnetism
typediamagnetic
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass)
−0,0000000045 m³/Kg
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar)
−0,00000000114 m³/mol
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume)
−0,0000222
magnetic ordering
Curiepunkten
Néel temperature
Structure
KristallstrukturBascentrerat ortorombiskt (ORC)
Gitterkonstant
7,72 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, π/2
mekanisk materialegenskap
hårdhet
Kompressibilitet
7,7 GPa
skjuvmodul
Young's modulus
Poissons konstant
ljudhastighet
klassificering
KategoriHalogener, Halogens
CAS GroupVIIB
IUPAC GroupVIIA
Glawe Number99
Mendeleev Number109
Pettifor Number97
Geochemical Classsemi-volatile
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile
övrigt
Gas Basicity
583,5 kJ/mol
Dipole Polarizability
32,9 ± 1,3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
385 a₀
AllotropesDiiodine
Träffyta
6,3
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,0018
kvanttal2P3/2
rymdgrupp64 (Cmca)

Jodisotoper

Stabila isotoper1
Instabila isotoper41
Radioactive Isotopes40

106I

natural abundance
relative atomic mass
105,953516 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal106
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet

106I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)%

107I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
106,946935 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal107
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet+

107I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)%

108I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
107,943348 ± 0,000109 Da
masstal108
g-factor
Halveringstid
26,4 ± 0,8 ms
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1991
Paritet+

108I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)99.5%
p (proton emission)0.5%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%

109I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
108,938086022 ± 0,000007223 Da
masstal109
g-factor
Halveringstid
92,8 ± 0,8 us
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1984
Paritet+

109I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
p (proton emission)99.986%
α (α emission)0.014%

110I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
109,935085102 ± 0,000066494 Da
masstal110
g-factor
Halveringstid
664 ± 24 ms
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1977
Paritet+

110I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)83%
α (α emission)17%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)11%
β+α (β+-delayed α emission)1.1%

111I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
110,930269236 ± 0,000005103 Da
masstal111
g-factor
Halveringstid
2,5 ± 0,2 s
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1977
Paritet+

111I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)0.088%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%

112I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
111,928004548 ± 0,000011 Da
masstal112
g-factor
Halveringstid
3,34 ± 0,08 s
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1977
Paritet+

112I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)0.0012%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)0.88%
β+α (β+-delayed α emission)0.104%

113I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
112,923650062 ± 0,0000086 Da
masstal113
g-factor
Halveringstid
6,6 ± 0,2 s
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1977
Paritet+

113I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)3.31%
β+α (β+-delayed α emission)%

114I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
113,9220189 ± 0,0000215 Da
masstal114
g-factor
Halveringstid
2,01 ± 0,15 s
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1977
Paritet+

114I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%
α (α emission)7.7%

115I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
114,918048 ± 0,000031 Da
masstal115
g-factor
Halveringstid
1,3 ± 0,2 m
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1969
Paritet+

115I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

116I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
115,916885513 ± 0,000080555 Da
masstal116
g-factor
Halveringstid
2,91 ± 0,15 s
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1976
Paritet+

116I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

117I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
116,913645649 ± 0,000027437 Da
masstal117
g-factor
1,24 ± 0,08
Halveringstid
2,22 ± 0,04 m
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1969
Paritet

117I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
e+ (positron emission)77%

118I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
117,913074 ± 0,000021213 Da
masstal118
g-factor
1 ± 0,1
Halveringstid
13,7 ± 0,5 m
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1957
Paritet-

118I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

119I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
118,91006091 ± 0,000023302 Da
masstal119
g-factor
1,16 ± 0,04
Halveringstid
19,1 ± 0,4 m
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1954
Paritet+

119I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
e+ (positron emission)51%
ϵ (electron capture)49%

120I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
119,910093729 ± 0,000016212 Da
masstal120
g-factor
0,615 ± 0,015
Halveringstid
81,67 ± 0,18 m
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1957
Paritet-

120I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

121I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
120,907411492 ± 0,00000507 Da
masstal121
g-factor
0,92 ± 0,04
Halveringstid
2,12 ± 0,01 h
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1950
Paritet+

121I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

122I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
121,907590094 ± 0,000005561 Da
masstal122
g-factor
0,94 ± 0,03
Halveringstid
3,63 ± 0,06 m
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1950
Paritet+

122I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
e+ (positron emission)78%
ϵ (electron capture)22%

123I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
122,905589753 ± 0,000003956 Da
masstal123
g-factor
1,1272 ± 0,0028
Halveringstid
13,2232 ± 0,0015 h
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1949
Paritet+

123I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

124I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
123,906210297 ± 0,000002467 Da
masstal124
g-factor
0,723 ± 0,002
Halveringstid
4,176 ± 0,0003 d
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1938
Paritet-

124I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

125I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
124,90463061 ± 0,000001452 Da
masstal125
g-factor
1,1284 ± 0,002
Halveringstid
59,392 ± 0,008 d
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−0,752 ± 0,017
upptäcktsdatum1947
Paritet+

125I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
ϵ (electron capture)100%

126I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
125,905624205 ± 0,000004055 Da
masstal126
g-factor
0,719 ± 0,002
Halveringstid
12,93 ± 0,05 d
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1938
Paritet-

126I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)52.7%
β (β decay)47.3%

127I

natural abundance
100
relative atomic mass
126,904472592 ± 0,000003887 Da
masstal127
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−0,688 ± 0,01
upptäcktsdatum1920
Paritet+

128I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
127,905809355 ± 0,000003887 Da
masstal128
g-factor
Halveringstid
24,99 ± 0,02 m
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1934
Paritet+

128I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)93.1%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)6.9%

129I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
128,904983643 ± 0,000003385 Da
masstal129
g-factor
Halveringstid
16,14 ± 0,12 My
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1951
Paritet+

129I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

130I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
129,906670168 ± 0,000003385 Da
masstal130
g-factor
0,6698 ± 0,0014
Halveringstid
12,36 ± 0,01 h
Spinn5
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1938
Paritet+

130I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

131I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
130,906126375 ± 0,000000649 Da
masstal131
g-factor
0,78228571428571 ± 0,00028571428571429
Halveringstid
8,0249 ± 0,0006 d
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−0,34 ± 0,02
upptäcktsdatum1939
Paritet+

131I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

132I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
131,907993511 ± 0,000004364 Da
masstal132
g-factor
0,772 ± 0,00175
Halveringstid
2,295 ± 0,013 h
Spinn4
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,08 ± 0,01
upptäcktsdatum1948
Paritet+

132I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

133I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
132,9078284 ± 0,000006335 Da
masstal133
g-factor
0,816 ± 0,0014285714285714
Halveringstid
20,83 ± 0,08 h
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−0,23 ± 0,01
upptäcktsdatum1940
Paritet+

133I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

134I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
133,90977566 ± 0,000005213 Da
masstal134
g-factor
Halveringstid
52,5 ± 0,2 m
Spinn4
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1948
Paritet

134I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

135I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
134,910059355 ± 0,000002211 Da
masstal135
g-factor
0,84 ± 0,00057142857142857
Halveringstid
6,58 ± 0,03 h
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1940
Paritet+

135I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

136I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
135,914604693 ± 0,000015231 Da
masstal136
g-factor
Halveringstid
83,4 ± 0,4 s
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1949
Paritet-

136I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

137I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
136,918028178 ± 0,000009 Da
masstal137
g-factor
Halveringstid
24,13 ± 0,12 s
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1943
Paritet+

137I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)7.51%

138I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
137,922726392 ± 0,0000064 Da
masstal138
g-factor
Halveringstid
6,26 ± 0,03 s
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1949
Paritet-

138I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)5.33%

139I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
138,9264934 ± 0,0000043 Da
masstal139
g-factor
Halveringstid
2,28 ± 0,011 s
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1949
Paritet+

139I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)9.74%

140I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
139,931715914 ± 0,000013 Da
masstal140
g-factor
Halveringstid
588 ± 10 ms
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1972
Paritet-

140I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)7.6%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

141I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
140,935666081 ± 0,000017 Da
masstal141
g-factor
Halveringstid
420 ± 7 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1974
Paritet+

141I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)21.2%

142I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
141,941166595 ± 0,0000053 Da
masstal142
g-factor
Halveringstid
235 ± 11 ms
Spinn2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1975
Paritet-

142I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

143I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
142,945475 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal143
g-factor
Halveringstid
182 ± 8 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1994
Paritet+

143I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

144I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
143,951336 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal144
g-factor
Halveringstid
94 ± 8 ms
Spinn1
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1994
Paritet-

144I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

145I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
144,955845 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal145
g-factor
Halveringstid
89,7 ± 9,3 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

145I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

146I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
145,961846 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal146
g-factor
Halveringstid
94 ± 26 ms
Spinn
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2018
Paritet

146I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

147I

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
146,966505 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal147
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2018
Paritet-

147I Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%
Sample of iodine.jpg
Iodine-sample.jpg
Iodine powder.JPG
Iodine microcrystals.JPG
Iodine'.JPG

historia

upptäckare eller uppfinnareBernard Courtois
fyndplatsFrance
upptäcktsdatum1811
etymologiGreek: iôeides (violet colored).
uttalEYE-eh-dine (engelska)

Sources

Förekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,45 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans
0,06 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
0,00002 %
Abundance in Meteor
0,000025 %
Abundance in Sun
Abundance in Universe
0,0000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s1.0609
2p4.1526
2s13.933
3d14.0993
3p18.1586
3s18.2126
4d32.066
4p28.9704
4s27.7028
5p41.3885
5s39.5965