Atomic Number | 71 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 174.9668 |
Mass Number | 175 |
Group | |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | f |
Protons | 71 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 104 n0 |
Electrons | 71 e- |
Atomic Radius | 175 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 17.8 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 162 pm
|
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | 86.1 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 100.1 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius |
224 pm
|
Density | 9.84 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | 992 kJ/mol
|
Electron Affinity | 0.34 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 5.425871 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 414 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | |
Heat of Formation | 427.6 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2 |
Oxidation States | 0, 2, 3 |
Electronegativity | 1
|
Electrophilicity | 0.817098693336918 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 3,675.15 K
|
Melting Point | 1,936.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery white |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | 0.00001 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 26.86 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.154 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 1.8 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000057 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | 0.1 K
|
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.0000000012 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.00000000021 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0000118
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | 3.51 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | 48 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 27 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 69 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.26
|
Speed of Sound | |
Classification | |
Category | Lanthanides, Transition metals |
CAS Group | |
IUPAC Group | |
Glawe Number | 19 |
Mendeleev Number | 41 |
Pettifor Number | 21 |
Geochemical Class | rare earth & related |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | 970.6 kJ/mol
|
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 85
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.022
|
Quantum Numbers | 2D3/2 |
Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 2 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 37 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 38 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 150 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 45 ± 3 ms
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1993 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 151 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 78.4 ± 0.9 ms
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | % |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 152 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 650 ± 70 ms
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 15% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 153 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 900 ± 200 ms
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1989 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | % |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
p (proton emission) | 0% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 154 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 155 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 68 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1965 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 90% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 10% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 156 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 494 ± 12 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1965 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 157 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 7.7 ± 2 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 158 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 10.6 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 99.09% |
α (α emission) | 0.91% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 159 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 12.1 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1980 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 160 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 36.1 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 161 |
G-Factor | 0.444 ± 0.006
|
Half Life | 77 ± 2 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 162 |
G-Factor | 0.0551 ± 0.0011
|
Half Life | 1.37 ± 0.02 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.519 ± 0.008
|
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 163 |
G-Factor | 0.1534 ± 0.002
|
Half Life | 3.97 ± 0.13 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 164 |
G-Factor | 0.0589 ± 0.0011
|
Half Life | 3.14 ± 0.03 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.608 ± 0.007
|
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 165 |
G-Factor | -0.0488 ± 0.0006
|
Half Life | 10.74 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 166 |
G-Factor | 0.48383333333333 ± 0.002
|
Half Life | 2.65 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | 4.33 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 167 |
G-Factor | 0.66228571428571 ± 0.0011428571428571
|
Half Life | 51.5 ± 1 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.28 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1958 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 168 |
G-Factor | 0.50116666666667 ± 0.0041666666666667
|
Half Life | 5.5 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | 4.77 ± 0.06
|
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 169 |
G-Factor | 0.65371428571429 ± 0.0011428571428571
|
Half Life | 34.06 ± 0.05 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.48 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 170 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.012 ± 0.03 d
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 171 |
G-Factor | 0.65314285714286 ± 0.0011428571428571
|
Half Life | 8.247 ± 0.023 d
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.53 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 172 |
G-Factor | 0.72275 ± 0.0025
|
Half Life | 6.7 ± 0.03 d
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.8 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 173 |
G-Factor | 0.64942857142857 ± 0.00057142857142857
|
Half Life | 1.37 ± 0.01 y
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.53 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 174 |
G-Factor | 1.982 ± 0.005
|
Half Life | 3.31 ± 0.05 y
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.773 ± 0.007
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | 97.401 ± 0.013
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 175 |
G-Factor | 0.63591428571429 ± 0.00054285714285714
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.49 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 2.599 ± 0.013
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 176 |
G-Factor | 0.45142857142857 ± 0.00071428571428571
|
Half Life | 37.01 ± 0.17 Gy
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 0.45% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 177 |
G-Factor | 0.63757142857143 ± 0.0004
|
Half Life | 6.6443 ± 0.0009 d
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.39 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1945 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 178 |
G-Factor | -1.373 ± 0.009
|
Half Life | 28.4 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.708 ± 0.01
|
Discovery Year | 1957 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 179 |
G-Factor | 0.67657142857143 ± 0.0034285714285714
|
Half Life | 4.59 ± 0.06 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.32 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 180 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.7 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 181 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.5 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 182 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 183 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 58 ± 4 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 184 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 20 ± 3 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1989 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 185 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 186 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 187 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 188 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
French chemist Georges Urbain successfully separated lutetium from ytterbia in 1907 in Paris. Austrian scientist Carl Auer von Welsbach and American chemist Charles James also succeeded in isolating lutetium independently in the same year. Pure lutetium metal was first produced in 1953. Lutetia is the ancient name for Paris
Discoverers | Georges Urbain |
---|---|
Discovery Location | France |
Discovery Year | 1907 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Named for the ancient name of Paris, Lutecia. |
Pronunciation | loo-TEE-shi-em (English) |
Found with ytterbium in gadolinite and xenotime. Usually obtained from monazite sand which is ofter 50% rare earth by weight and 0.003% lutetium.
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | 0.8 mg/kg
|
Abundance in Oceans | 0.00000015 mg/L
|
Abundance in Human Body | |
Abundance in Meteor | 0.0000029 %
|
Abundance in Sun | 0.0000001 %
|
Abundance in Universe | 0.00000001 %
|
1 | s | 1.3805 |
2 | p | 4.389 |
2 | s | 18.5502 |
3 | d | 13.5812 |
3 | p | 20.8337 |
3 | s | 21.4655 |
4 | d | 35.7108 |
4 | f | 40.0688 |
4 | p | 33.8096 |
4 | s | 32.7308 |
5 | d | 50.887 |
5 | p | 52.32 |
5 | s | 50.045 |
6 | s | 62.1956 |