Niobium (Nb)

Niobium is the 41st element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Nb and atomic number of 41. It has an atomic weight of 92.90637 and a mass number of 93. Niobium has forty-one protons and fifty-two neutrons in its nucleus, and forty-one electrons in five shells. It is located in group five, period five and block d of the periodic table. Soft, ductile grey-blue metallic transition element. Used in special steels and in welded joints to increase strength. Combines with halogens and oxidizes in air at 200 degrees celsius. Discovered by Charles Hatchett in 1801 and isolated by Blomstrand in 1864. Called Columbium originally.

Atomic Number	41
Atomic Weight	92.90637
Mass Number	93

Group	5
Period	5
Block	d

Protons	41 p⁺
Neutrons	52 n⁰
Electrons	41 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	145 pm 251 pm
Molar Volume	10.8 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	147 pm 125 pm 116 pm 164 pm
Metallic Radius	134 pm 146 pm
Ionic Radius	72 pm 68 pm 79 pm 48 pm 64 pm 69 pm 74 pm
Crystal Radius	86 pm 82 pm 93 pm 62 pm 78 pm 83 pm 88 pm
Van der Waals Radius	215 pm 218 pm 243 pm 316.5 pm
Density	8.57 g/cm³
Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	0.917406 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	6.75885 eV/particle 14.32 eV/particle 25 eV/particle 37.611 eV/particle 50.5728 eV/particle 102.069 eV/particle 119.14 eV/particle 136 eV/particle 159.2 eV/particle 180 eV/particle 200.28 eV/particle 246.1 eV/particle 268.59 eV/particle 482.5 eV/particle 530 eV/particle 581 eV/particle 636 eV/particle 688 eV/particle 758 eV/particle 816 eV/particle 877 eV/particle 940 eV/particle 1,000 eV/particle 1,176 eV/particle 1,230.6 eV/particle 1,293.7 eV/particle 1,368 eV/particle 1,439 eV/particle 1,500 eV/particle 1,625.9 eV/particle 1,684.969 eV/particle 4,020.1 eV/particle 4,187 eV/particle 4,369 eV/particle 4,540 eV/particle 4,815 eV/particle 5,011 eV/particle 5,265 eV/particle 5,426.065 eV/particle 22,648.045 eV/particle 23,388.8 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	680 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	26.8 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	733 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 12, 1

Valence Electrons	1
Electron Configuration	[Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹

Oxidation States	-3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Electronegativity	8.34 eV/particle 0.1280782 1.6
Electrophilicity	1.2609233730892566 eV/particle
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	5,014.15 K
Melting Point	2,750.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Niobium is a Gray. Nb has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #73c2c9, and MOLCAS GV of #73c2c9. The Appearance of Element 41 is gray metallic, bluish when oxidized.
Color	Gray #ff1493 #73c2c9 #73c2c9
Appearance	gray metallic, bluish when oxidized
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	53.7 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000073 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	24.6 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.265 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	6.7 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000015 m Ω
Superconducting Point	9.25 K
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000276 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.00000000256 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.000237
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Niobium is BCC. The lattice constant of Nb is 3.3 Å. The lattice angles of Element 41 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Lattice Constant	3.3 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Niobium has a Brinell of 736 MPa, Mohs hardness of 6 MPa, and Vickers of 1320 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Nb is 170 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 41 is 38 GPa. The Young Modulus of Niobium (Nb) is 105 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Niobium is 0.4. The Speed of Sound of Nb is 3480 m/s.
Hardness	736 MPa 6 MPa 1,320 MPa
Bulk Modulus	170 GPa
Shear Modulus	38 GPa
Young Modulus	105 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.4
Speed of Sound	3,480 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Niobium is VA. The IUPAC Group of Nb is VB. The Glawe Number of Element 41 is 53. The Mendeleev Number of Niobium (Nb) is 48. The Pettifor Number of Niobium is 52. The Geochemical Class of Nb is high field strength. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 41 is litophile.
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	VA
IUPAC Group	VB
Glawe Number	53
Mendeleev Number	48
Pettifor Number	52
Geochemical Class	high field strength
Goldschmidt Class	litophile
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Niobium is 98 plus or minus 8 a₀. Nb has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 1140 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 41 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Niobium (Nb) is 1.15. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Niobium is 0.0004. The Quantum Numbers of Nb is 6D1/2. The Space Group of Element 41 is 229 (Im_3m).
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	98 ± 8 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	1,140 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	1.15
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0004
Quantum Numbers	6D1/2
Space Group	229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Niobium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	37
Radioactive Isotopes	34

⁷⁹Nb

Abundance
Relative Atomic Mass	78.966022 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	79
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

⁷⁹Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

⁸⁰Nb

Abundance
Relative Atomic Mass	79.958754 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	80
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	-

⁸⁰Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

⁸¹Nb

Abundance
Relative Atomic Mass	80.95023 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	81
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

⁸¹Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

⁸²Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	81.94438 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	82
G-Factor	0
Half Life	51 ± 5 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1992
Parity	+

⁸²Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

⁸³Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	82.93815 ± 0.000174 Da
Mass Number	83
G-Factor
Half Life	3.9 ± 0.2 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1988
Parity	+

⁸³Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁴Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	83.934305711 ± 0.00000043 Da
Mass Number	84
G-Factor
Half Life	9.8 ± 0.9 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

⁸⁴Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁵Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	84.928845836 ± 0.0000044 Da
Mass Number	85
G-Factor
Half Life	20.5 ± 0.7 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1988
Parity	+

⁸⁵Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁶Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	85.925781536 ± 0.000005903 Da
Mass Number	86
G-Factor
Half Life	88 ± 1 s
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1974
Parity	+

⁸⁶Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁷Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	86.920692473 ± 0.000007302 Da
Mass Number	87
G-Factor
Half Life	3.7 ± 0.1 m
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1971
Parity

⁸⁷Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁸Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	87.918226476 ± 0.000062059 Da
Mass Number	88
G-Factor
Half Life	14.5 ± 0.11 m
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1964
Parity	+

⁸⁸Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁹Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	88.913444696 ± 0.000025367 Da
Mass Number	89
G-Factor	1.3813333333333 ± 0.0011111111111111
Half Life	2.03 ± 0.07 h
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1954
Parity	+

⁸⁹Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁰Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	89.911259201 ± 0.000003561 Da
Mass Number	90
G-Factor	0.61825 ± 0.0005
Half Life	14.6 ± 0.05 h
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment	0.01 ± 0.04
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

⁹⁰Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹¹Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	90.906990256 ± 0.00000314 Da
Mass Number	91
G-Factor	1.4473333333333 ± 0.00066666666666667
Half Life	680 ± 130 y
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.25 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

⁹¹Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	0.0138%

⁹²Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	91.90718858 ± 0.000001915 Da
Mass Number	92
G-Factor	0.73285714285714 ± 0.00057142857142857
Half Life	34.7 ± 2.4 My
Spin	7
Quadrupole Moment	-0.35 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	+

⁹²Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹³Nb

Abundance	100
Relative Atomic Mass	92.90637317 ± 0.000001599 Da
Mass Number	93
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.32 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1932
Parity	+

⁹⁴Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	93.907279001 ± 0.0000016 Da
Mass Number	94
G-Factor
Half Life	20.4 ± 0.4 ky
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	+

⁹⁴Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁵Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	94.90683111 ± 0.000000545 Da
Mass Number	95
G-Factor	1.3646666666667 ± 0.0011111111111111
Half Life	34.991 ± 0.006 d
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

⁹⁵Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁶Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	95.908101586 ± 0.000000157 Da
Mass Number	96
G-Factor	0.82916666666667 ± 0.00066666666666667
Half Life	23.35 ± 0.05 h
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	+

⁹⁶Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁷Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	96.908101622 ± 0.000004556 Da
Mass Number	97
G-Factor	1.3673333333333 ± 0.0011111111111111
Half Life	72.1 ± 0.7 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

⁹⁷Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁸Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	97.910332645 ± 0.000005369 Da
Mass Number	98
G-Factor
Half Life	2.86 ± 0.06 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1960
Parity	+

⁹⁸Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁹Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	98.911609377 ± 0.000012886 Da
Mass Number	99
G-Factor	1.3244444444444 ± 0.0066666666666667
Half Life	15 ± 0.2 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.41 ± 0.14
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

⁹⁹Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁰Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	99.914340578 ± 0.000008562 Da
Mass Number	100
G-Factor
Half Life	1.5 ± 0.2 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	+

¹⁰⁰Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰¹Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	100.915306508 ± 0.000004024 Da
Mass Number	101
G-Factor	1.2744 ± 0.0008
Half Life	7.1 ± 0.3 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.05 ± 0.07
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

¹⁰¹Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰²Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	101.918090447 ± 0.000002695 Da
Mass Number	102
G-Factor
Half Life	4.3 ± 0.4 s
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	+

¹⁰²Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰³Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	102.919453416 ± 0.000004224 Da
Mass Number	103
G-Factor	1.2532 ± 0.0016
Half Life	1.34 ± 0.07 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.08 ± 0.09
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	+

¹⁰³Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁰⁴Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	103.922907728 ± 0.000001915 Da
Mass Number	104
G-Factor
Half Life	0.98 ± 0.05 s
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	-

¹⁰⁴Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.05%

¹⁰⁵Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	104.924942577 ± 0.000004324 Da
Mass Number	105
G-Factor
Half Life	2.91 ± 0.05 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1984
Parity	+

¹⁰⁵Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.7%

¹⁰⁶Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	105.928928505 ± 0.00000152 Da
Mass Number	106
G-Factor
Half Life	900 ± 20 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	-

¹⁰⁶Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	4.5%

¹⁰⁷Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	106.931589685 ± 0.000008612 Da
Mass Number	107
G-Factor
Half Life	286 ± 8 ms
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1992
Parity	+

¹⁰⁷Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	7.4%

¹⁰⁸Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	107.936075604 ± 0.000008844 Da
Mass Number	108
G-Factor
Half Life	201 ± 4 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹⁰⁸Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	6.3%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁰⁹Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	108.939141 ± 0.0004625 Da
Mass Number	109
G-Factor
Half Life	106.9 ± 4.9 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	-

¹⁰⁹Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	31%

¹¹⁰Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	109.943843 ± 0.0009 Da
Mass Number	110
G-Factor
Half Life	75 ± 1 ms
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹¹⁰Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	40%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹¹¹Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	110.947439 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	111
G-Factor
Half Life	54 ± 2 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1997
Parity	-

¹¹¹Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹¹²Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	111.952689 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	112
G-Factor
Half Life	38 ± 2 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1997
Parity	+

¹¹²Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹¹³Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	112.956833 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	113
G-Factor
Half Life	32 ± 4 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1997
Parity	-

¹¹³Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹¹⁴Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	113.962469 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	114
G-Factor
Half Life	17 ± 5 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

¹¹⁴Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹¹⁵Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	114.966849 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	115
G-Factor
Half Life	23 ± 8 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

¹¹⁵Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹¹⁶Nb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	115.972914 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	116
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	-

¹¹⁶Nb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

History

Niobium was discovered by the English chemist Charles Hatchett in 1801 and named the new element columbium. In 1846, German chemist Henrich Rose independently discovered the element and named it niobium. The metal was first isolated by Swedish scientist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864 who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere. Named after Niobe, the daughter of Tantalu

Discoverers	Charles Hatchet
Discovery Location	England
Discovery Year	1801
Etymology (Name Origin)	From Niobe; daughter of the mythical Greek king Tantalus.
Pronunciation	ni-OH-bee-em (English)

Some niobium compounds are highly toxic

Brazil is the leading producer of niobium

Uses

Niobium is used in arc-welding rods for stabilized grades of stainless steel. Niobium alloys are strong and are often used in pipeline construction. The metal is used in superalloys for jet engines and heat resistant equipment. Niobium is found in many medical devices such as pacemakers. Used as an alloy with iron and nickel. It can be used in nuclear reactors and is known to be superconductive when alloyed with tin, aluminum or zirconium.

Sources

Occurs in a mineral columbite. Formerly known as colombium (Cb). It is used in stainless steel alloys for nuclear reactors, jets and missiles.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	20 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.00001 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor	0.000019 %
Abundance in Sun	0.0000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0000002 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.8577
2	p	4.0178
2	s	10.8748
3	d	14.753
3	p	16.3844
3	s	15.8285
4	d	29.7624
4	p	26.9156
4	s	25.7172
5	s	35.079

Niobium on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300380228
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3549
Biblioteca Nacional de España ID	XX543817
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	12257830n
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	niob
CAB ID	224595
CAS Registry Number	7440-03-1
CPV Supplementary	AA40
ChEBI ID	33344
ChemSpider ID	22378
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14791000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID5031052
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID4052479
Den Store Danske ID	niobium
DrugBank ID	13031
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.284
Elhuyar ZTH ID	028674
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	222935
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/niobium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	niobium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	tantale-et-niobium
Freebase ID	/m/025s4rg
GND ID	4042362-1
Golden ID	Niobium-KKGJ
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0126369
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2664211
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0061921
InChI	InChI=1S/Nb
InChIKey	GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Niobium
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85091993
MeSH descriptor ID	D009556
Mindat mineral ID	7981
NALT ID	54839
NDL Authority ID	00568530
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007531486605171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	339099
OpenAlex ID	C507968137
PSH ID	5766
Probes And Drugs ID	PD058292
PubChem CID	23936
Quora topic ID	Niobium
RxNorm ID	1426867
Store norske leksikon ID	niob
Treccani ID	niobio
UNII	05175J654G
USGS Thesaurus ID	1521
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14671120-n
YSO ID	26934
ZVG number	7410

Niobium (Nb)

Properties

Isotopes of Niobium

79Nb

79Nb Decay Modes

80Nb

80Nb Decay Modes

81Nb

81Nb Decay Modes

82Nb

82Nb Decay Modes

83Nb

83Nb Decay Modes

84Nb

84Nb Decay Modes

85Nb

85Nb Decay Modes

86Nb

86Nb Decay Modes

87Nb

87Nb Decay Modes

88Nb

88Nb Decay Modes

89Nb

89Nb Decay Modes

90Nb

90Nb Decay Modes

91Nb

91Nb Decay Modes

92Nb

92Nb Decay Modes

93Nb

94Nb

94Nb Decay Modes

95Nb

95Nb Decay Modes

96Nb

96Nb Decay Modes

97Nb

97Nb Decay Modes

98Nb

98Nb Decay Modes

99Nb

99Nb Decay Modes

100Nb

100Nb Decay Modes

101Nb

101Nb Decay Modes

102Nb

102Nb Decay Modes

103Nb

103Nb Decay Modes

104Nb

104Nb Decay Modes

105Nb

105Nb Decay Modes

106Nb

106Nb Decay Modes

107Nb

107Nb Decay Modes

108Nb

108Nb Decay Modes

109Nb

109Nb Decay Modes

110Nb

110Nb Decay Modes

111Nb

111Nb Decay Modes

112Nb

112Nb Decay Modes

113Nb

113Nb Decay Modes

114Nb

114Nb Decay Modes

115Nb

115Nb Decay Modes

116Nb

116Nb Decay Modes