Niobium (Nb)

chemical element with symbol Nb and atomic number 41

Atomic Number	41
Atomic Weight	92.90637
mass number	93

Group	5
Period	5
Block	d

proton	41 p⁺
neutron	52 n⁰
electron	41 e^-

Āhuatanga Ōkiko

Atomic Radius	145 pm 251 pm
molar volume	10.8 cm³/mol
covalent radius	147 pm 125 pm 116 pm 164 pm
Metallic Radius	134 pm 146 pm
ionic radius	72 pm 68 pm 79 pm 48 pm 64 pm 69 pm 74 pm
Crystal Radius	86 pm 82 pm 93 pm 62 pm 78 pm 83 pm 88 pm
Van der Waals radius	215 pm 218 pm 243 pm 316.5 pm
density	8.57 g/cm³

Chemical Property

{ERROR}

energy

proton affinity
electron affinity	0.917406 eV/particle
ionization energy	6.75885 eV/particle 14.32 eV/particle 25 eV/particle 37.611 eV/particle 50.5728 eV/particle 102.069 eV/particle 119.14 eV/particle 136 eV/particle 159.2 eV/particle 180 eV/particle 200.28 eV/particle 246.1 eV/particle 268.59 eV/particle 482.5 eV/particle 530 eV/particle 581 eV/particle 636 eV/particle 688 eV/particle 758 eV/particle 816 eV/particle 877 eV/particle 940 eV/particle 1,000 eV/particle 1,176 eV/particle 1,230.6 eV/particle 1,293.7 eV/particle 1,368 eV/particle 1,439 eV/particle 1,500 eV/particle 1,625.9 eV/particle 1,684.969 eV/particle 4,020.1 eV/particle 4,187 eV/particle 4,369 eV/particle 4,540 eV/particle 4,815 eV/particle 5,011 eV/particle 5,265 eV/particle 5,426.065 eV/particle 22,648.045 eV/particle 23,388.8 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	680 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	26.8 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	733 kJ/mol
electron

electron shell	2, 8, 18, 12, 1

valence electron	1 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 4d⁴ 5s¹

oxidation number	-3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
electronegativity	8.34 eV/particle 0.1280782 1.6
Electrophilicity Index	1.2609233730892566 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	5,014.15 K
Melting Point	2,750.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
color	Black #ff1493 #73c2c9 #73c2c9
appearance	gray metallic, bluish when oxidized
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	53.7 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0.0000073 1/K
molar heat capacity	24.6 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.265 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	6.7 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0.00000015 Ω*m
superconductivity	9.25 K
magnetism
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000276 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0.00000000256 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0.000237
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3.3 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	736 MPa 6 MPa 1,320 MPa
bulk modulus	170 GPa
shear modulus	38 GPa
Young's modulus	105 GPa
Poisson's ratio	0.4
speed of sound	3,480 m/s
classification
Category	Actinides, Transition metals
CAS Group	VA
IUPAC Group	VB
Glawe Number	53
Mendeleev Number	48
Pettifor Number	52
Geochemical Class	high field strength
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	98 ± 8 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	1,140 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	1.15
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0004
quantum number	6D1/2
space group	229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Niobium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	37
Natural Isotopes	1

⁷⁹Nb

mass number	79
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	78.966022 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁸⁰Nb

mass number	80
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	79.958754 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁸¹Nb

mass number	81
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	80.95023 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁸²Nb

mass number	82
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	81.94438 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	51 ± 5 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1992
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁸³Nb

mass number	83
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	82.93815 ± 0.000174 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	3.9 ± 0.2 s
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1988
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁴Nb

mass number	84
neutron number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	83.934305711 ± 0.00000043 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	9.8 ± 0.9 s
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1977
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁵Nb

mass number	85
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	84.928845836 ± 0.0000044 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	20.5 ± 0.7 s
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1988
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁶Nb

mass number	86
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	85.925781536 ± 0.000005903 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	88 ± 1 s
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1974
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁷Nb

mass number	87
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	86.920692473 ± 0.000007302 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	3.7 ± 0.1 m
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1971
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁸Nb

mass number	88
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	87.918226476 ± 0.000062059 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	14.5 ± 0.11 m
spin	8
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1964
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁹Nb

mass number	89
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	88.913444696 ± 0.000025367 Da
g-factor	1.3813333333333 ± 0.0011111111111111
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2.03 ± 0.07 h
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1954
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁰Nb

mass number	90
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	89.911259201 ± 0.000003561 Da
g-factor	0.61825 ± 0.0005
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	14.6 ± 0.05 h
spin	8
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.01 ± 0.04
time of discovery or invention	1951
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹¹Nb

mass number	91
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	90.906990256 ± 0.00000314 Da
g-factor	1.4473333333333 ± 0.00066666666666667
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	680 ± 130 y
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.25 ± 0.03
time of discovery or invention	1951
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	0.0138%

⁹²Nb

mass number	92
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	91.90718858 ± 0.000001915 Da
g-factor	0.73285714285714 ± 0.00057142857142857
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	34.7 ± 2.4 My
spin	7
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.35 ± 0.03
time of discovery or invention	1938
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹³Nb

mass number	93
neutron number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	92.90637317 ± 0.000001599 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	100
radioactivity	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.32 ± 0.02
time of discovery or invention	1932
parity	+

⁹⁴Nb

mass number	94
neutron number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	93.907279001 ± 0.0000016 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	20.4 ± 0.4 ky
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1938
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁵Nb

mass number	95
neutron number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	94.90683111 ± 0.000000545 Da
g-factor	1.3646666666667 ± 0.0011111111111111
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	34.991 ± 0.006 d
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1951
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁶Nb

mass number	96
neutron number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	95.908101586 ± 0.000000157 Da
g-factor	0.82916666666667 ± 0.00066666666666667
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	23.35 ± 0.05 h
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1949
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁷Nb

mass number	97
neutron number	56
Relative Atomic Mass	96.908101622 ± 0.000004556 Da
g-factor	1.3673333333333 ± 0.0011111111111111
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	72.1 ± 0.7 m
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1951
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁸Nb

mass number	98
neutron number	57
Relative Atomic Mass	97.910332645 ± 0.000005369 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2.86 ± 0.06 s
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1960
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁹Nb

mass number	99
neutron number	58
Relative Atomic Mass	98.911609377 ± 0.000012886 Da
g-factor	1.3244444444444 ± 0.0066666666666667
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	15 ± 0.2 s
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.41 ± 0.14
time of discovery or invention	1950
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁰Nb

mass number	100
neutron number	59
Relative Atomic Mass	99.914340578 ± 0.000008562 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.5 ± 0.2 s
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1967
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰¹Nb

mass number	101
neutron number	60
Relative Atomic Mass	100.915306508 ± 0.000004024 Da
g-factor	1.2744 ± 0.0008
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	7.1 ± 0.3 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	1.05 ± 0.07
time of discovery or invention	1970
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰²Nb

mass number	102
neutron number	61
Relative Atomic Mass	101.918090447 ± 0.000002695 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	4.3 ± 0.4 s
spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1972
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰³Nb

mass number	103
neutron number	62
Relative Atomic Mass	102.919453416 ± 0.000004224 Da
g-factor	1.2532 ± 0.0016
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.34 ± 0.07 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	1.08 ± 0.09
time of discovery or invention	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁰⁴Nb

mass number	104
neutron number	63
Relative Atomic Mass	103.922907728 ± 0.000001915 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	0.98 ± 0.05 s
spin	5
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.05%

¹⁰⁵Nb

mass number	105
neutron number	64
Relative Atomic Mass	104.924942577 ± 0.000004324 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2.91 ± 0.05 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1984
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.7%

¹⁰⁶Nb

mass number	106
neutron number	65
Relative Atomic Mass	105.928928505 ± 0.00000152 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	900 ± 20 ms
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	4.5%

¹⁰⁷Nb

mass number	107
neutron number	66
Relative Atomic Mass	106.931589685 ± 0.000008612 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	286 ± 8 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1992
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	7.4%

¹⁰⁸Nb

mass number	108
neutron number	67
Relative Atomic Mass	107.936075604 ± 0.000008844 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	201 ± 4 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1994
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	6.3%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰⁹Nb

mass number	109
neutron number	68
Relative Atomic Mass	108.939141 ± 0.0004625 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	106.9 ± 4.9 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1994
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	31%

¹¹⁰Nb

mass number	110
neutron number	69
Relative Atomic Mass	109.943843 ± 0.0009 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	75 ± 1 ms
spin	5
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1994
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	40%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹¹¹Nb

mass number	111
neutron number	70
Relative Atomic Mass	110.947439 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	54 ± 2 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1997
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹¹²Nb

mass number	112
neutron number	71
Relative Atomic Mass	111.952689 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	38 ± 2 ms
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1997
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹¹³Nb

mass number	113
neutron number	72
Relative Atomic Mass	112.956833 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	32 ± 4 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1997
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹¹⁴Nb

mass number	114
neutron number	73
Relative Atomic Mass	113.962469 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	17 ± 5 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2010
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹¹⁵Nb

mass number	115
neutron number	74
Relative Atomic Mass	114.966849 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	23 ± 8 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2010
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹¹⁶Nb

mass number	116
neutron number	75
Relative Atomic Mass	115.972914 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2018
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

kōrero nehe

discoverer or inventor	Charles Hatchet
location of discovery	England
time of discovery or invention	1801
etymology	From Niobe; daughter of the mythical Greek king Tantalus.
pronunciation	ni-OH-bee-em (Ingarihi)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	20 mg/kg
natural abundance (Moana nui)	0.00001 mg/L
natural abundance (human body)
natural abundance (meteoroid)	0.000019 %
natural abundance (Te Rā)	0.0000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0000002 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.8577
2	p	4.0178
2	s	10.8748
3	d	14.753
3	p	16.3844
3	s	15.8285
4	d	29.7624
4	p	26.9156
4	s	25.7172
5	s	35.079

Niobium on ChemicalAid

niobium

Niobium (Nb)

Āhuatanga Ōkiko

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Niobium

79Nb

80Nb

81Nb

82Nb

83Nb

84Nb

85Nb

86Nb

87Nb

88Nb

89Nb

90Nb

91Nb

92Nb

93Nb

94Nb

95Nb

96Nb

97Nb

98Nb

99Nb

100Nb

101Nb

102Nb

103Nb

104Nb

105Nb

106Nb

107Nb

108Nb

109Nb

110Nb

111Nb

112Nb

113Nb

114Nb

115Nb

116Nb

kōrero nehe

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁷⁹Nb

⁸⁰Nb

⁸¹Nb

⁸²Nb

⁸³Nb

⁸⁴Nb

⁸⁵Nb

⁸⁶Nb

⁸⁷Nb

⁸⁸Nb

⁸⁹Nb

⁹⁰Nb

⁹¹Nb

⁹²Nb

⁹³Nb

⁹⁴Nb

⁹⁵Nb

⁹⁶Nb

⁹⁷Nb

⁹⁸Nb

⁹⁹Nb

¹⁰⁰Nb

¹⁰¹Nb

¹⁰²Nb

¹⁰³Nb

¹⁰⁴Nb

¹⁰⁵Nb

¹⁰⁶Nb

¹⁰⁷Nb

¹⁰⁸Nb

¹⁰⁹Nb

¹¹⁰Nb

¹¹¹Nb

¹¹²Nb

¹¹³Nb

¹¹⁴Nb

¹¹⁵Nb

¹¹⁶Nb