Neodymium (Nd)

Neodymium is the 60th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Nd and atomic number of 60. It has an atomic weight of 144.242 and a mass number of 142. Neodymium has sixty protons and eighty-two neutrons in its nucleus, and sixty electrons in six shells. It is located in group zero, period six and block f of the periodic table. Soft bright silvery metallic element, belongs to the lanthanoids. Seven natural isotopes, Nd-144 being the only radioactive one with a half-life of 10^10 to 10^15 years. Six artificial radioisotopes have been produced. The metal is used in glass works to color class a shade of violet-purple and make it dichroic. One of the more reactive rare-earth metals, quickly reacts with air. Used in some rare-earth alloys. Neodymium is used to color the glass used in welder's glasses. Neodymium is also used in very powerful, permanent magnets (Nd2Fe14B). Discovered by Carl F. Auer von Welsbach in Austria in 1885 by separating didymium into its elemental components Praseodymium and neodymium. The name comes from the Greek words 'neos didymos' which means 'new twin'. Neodymium should be considered highly toxic, however evidence would seem to show that it acts as little more than a skin and eye irritant. The dust however, presents a fire and explosion hazard.

Atomic Number	60
Atomic Weight	144.242
Mass Number	142

Group
Period	6
Block	f

Protons	60 p⁺
Neutrons	82 n⁰
Electrons	60 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	185 pm 284 pm
Molar Volume	20.6 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	174 pm 137 pm 201 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius	129 pm 135 pm 98.3 pm 110.9 pm 116.3 pm 127 pm
Crystal Radius	143 pm 149 pm 112.3 pm 124.9 pm 130.3 pm 141 pm
Van der Waals Radius	239 pm 273 pm 357.5 pm
Density	7.01 g/cm³ 6,890 kg/m³
Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	1.916 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	5.525 eV/particle 10.72 eV/particle 22.14 eV/particle 40.4 eV/particle 60 eV/particle 84 eV/particle 99 eV/particle 114 eV/particle 136 eV/particle 152 eV/particle 168 eV/particle 195 eV/particle 221 eV/particle 243 eV/particle 389 eV/particle 420 eV/particle 453 eV/particle 489 eV/particle 522 eV/particle 562 eV/particle 602 eV/particle 638 eV/particle 678 eV/particle 714 eV/particle 859 eV/particle 896 eV/particle 939 eV/particle 978 eV/particle 1,049 eV/particle 1,092 eV/particle 1,191 eV/particle 1,238.42 eV/particle 2,134 eV/particle 2,224 eV/particle 2,321 eV/particle 2,425 eV/particle 2,525 eV/particle 2,627 eV/particle 2,758 eV/particle 2,861 eV/particle 2,974 eV/particle 3,078 eV/particle 3,371 eV/particle 3,465 eV/particle 3,567 eV/particle 3,662 eV/particle 3,891 eV/particle 3,997 eV/particle 4,198 eV/particle 4,302 eV/particle 9,742 eV/particle 10,002 eV/particle 10,288 eV/particle 10,555 eV/particle 11,384 eV/particle 11,694 eV/particle 12,082 eV/particle 12,341.66 eV/particle 50,339.587 eV/particle 51,515.58 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	289 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	7.1 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	326.9 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2

Valence Electrons	2

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f⁴ 6s²

Oxidation States	0, 2, 3, 4
Electronegativity	0.176539 1.14
Electrophilicity	1.9177223954003881 eV/particle
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	3,347.15 K
Melting Point	1,289.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Neodymium is a Silver. Nd has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #c7ffc7, and MOLCAS GV of #c7ffc7. The Appearance of Element 60 is silvery white.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #c7ffc7 #c7ffc7
Appearance	silvery white
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion	0.0000096 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	27.45 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.19 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	1.6 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000064 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.00000048 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000069235 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0033648
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point	19.2 K
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Neodymium is HEX. The lattice constant of Nd is 3.66 Å. The lattice angles of Element 60 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
Lattice Constant	3.66 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties
Neodymium has a Brinell of 265 MPa, and Vickers of 343 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Nd is 32 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 60 is 16 GPa. The Young Modulus of Neodymium (Nd) is 41 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Neodymium is 0.28. The Speed of Sound of Nd is 2330 m/s.
Hardness	265 MPa 343 MPa
Bulk Modulus	32 GPa
Shear Modulus	16 GPa
Young Modulus	41 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.28
Speed of Sound	2,330 m/s
Classification
The Glawe Number of Neodymium is 29. The Mendeleev Number of Nd is 19. The Pettifor Number of Element 60 is 30. The Geochemical Class of Neodymium (Nd) is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Neodymium is litophile.
Category	Lanthanides, Lanthanides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	29
Mendeleev Number	19
Pettifor Number	30
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt Class	litophile
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Neodymium is 208 plus or minus 20 a₀. Nd has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 3560 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 60 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Neodymium (Nd) is 49. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Neodymium is 0.011. The Quantum Numbers of Nd is 5I4. The Space Group of Element 60 is 194 (P63/mmc).
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	208 ± 20 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	3,560 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	49
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.011
Quantum Numbers	5I4
Space Group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Neodymium

Stable Isotopes	7
Unstable Isotopes	33
Radioactive Isotopes	35

¹²⁴Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	123.951873 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	124
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year
Parity	+

¹²⁴Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹²⁵Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	124.948395 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	125
G-Factor
Half Life	650 ± 150 ms
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity

¹²⁵Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0%

¹²⁶Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	125.942694 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	126
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2000
Parity	+

¹²⁶Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹²⁷Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	126.939978 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	127
G-Factor
Half Life	1.8 ± 0.4 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1983
Parity	+

¹²⁷Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹²⁸Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	127.935018 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	128
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	+

¹²⁸Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹²⁹Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	128.933038 ± 0.000217 Da
Mass Number	129
G-Factor
Half Life	6.8 ± 0.6 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	-

¹²⁹Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹³⁰Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	129.928506 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	130
G-Factor	0
Half Life	21 ± 3 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

¹³⁰Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³¹Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	130.92724802 ± 0.000029541 Da
Mass Number	131
G-Factor
Half Life	25.4 ± 0.9 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

¹³¹Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹³²Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	131.923321237 ± 0.000025985 Da
Mass Number	132
G-Factor	0
Half Life	1.56 ± 0.1 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

¹³²Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³³Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	132.922348 ± 0.00005 Da
Mass Number	133
G-Factor
Half Life	70 ± 10 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

¹³³Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁴Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	133.918790207 ± 0.000012686 Da
Mass Number	134
G-Factor	0
Half Life	8.5 ± 1.5 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

¹³⁴Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁵Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	134.918181318 ± 0.000020534 Da
Mass Number	135
G-Factor	-0.17333333333333 ± 0.0066666666666667
Half Life	12.4 ± 0.6 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.9 ± 0.5
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	-

¹³⁵Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁶Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	135.914976061 ± 0.000012686 Da
Mass Number	136
G-Factor	0
Half Life	50.65 ± 0.33 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	+

¹³⁶Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁷Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	136.914563099 ± 0.000012586 Da
Mass Number	137
G-Factor	-1.264 ± 0.01
Half Life	38.5 ± 1.5 m
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

¹³⁷Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁸Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	137.911950938 ± 0.000012456 Da
Mass Number	138
G-Factor	0
Half Life	5.04 ± 0.09 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	+

¹³⁸Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁹Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	138.911951208 ± 0.000029545 Da
Mass Number	139
G-Factor	0.60333333333333 ± 0.0046666666666667
Half Life	29.7 ± 0.5 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.28 ± 0.09
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

¹³⁹Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁰Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	139.90954613 ± 0.0000035 Da
Mass Number	140
G-Factor	0
Half Life	3.37 ± 0.02 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	+

¹⁴⁰Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁴¹Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	140.90961669 ± 0.000003417 Da
Mass Number	141
G-Factor	0.67333333333333 ± 0.006
Half Life	2.49 ± 0.03 h
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.32 ± 0.13
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	+

¹⁴¹Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	97.28%
e⁺ (positron emission)	2.72%

¹⁴²Nd

Abundance	27.153 ± 0.04
Relative Atomic Mass	141.907728824 ± 0.000001348 Da
Mass Number	142
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1924
Parity	+

¹⁴³Nd

Abundance	12.173 ± 0.026
Relative Atomic Mass	142.909819815 ± 0.000001347 Da
Mass Number	143
G-Factor	-0.30428571428571 ± 0.0014285714285714
Half Life
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.61 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1933
Parity	-

¹⁴⁴Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️ 23.798 ± 0.019
Relative Atomic Mass	143.910092798 ± 0.000001346 Da
Mass Number	144
G-Factor	0
Half Life	2.29 ± 0.16 Py
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1924
Parity	+

¹⁴⁴Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

¹⁴⁵Nd

Abundance	8.293 ± 0.012
Relative Atomic Mass	144.912579151 ± 0.000001364 Da
Mass Number	145
G-Factor	-0.18742857142857 ± 0.0011428571428571
Half Life
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.314 ± 0.012
Discovery Year	1933
Parity	-

¹⁴⁵Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	%

¹⁴⁶Nd

Abundance	17.189 ± 0.032
Relative Atomic Mass	145.913122459 ± 0.000001366 Da
Mass Number	146
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1924
Parity	+

¹⁴⁶Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)	%
α (α emission)	%

¹⁴⁷Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	146.916105969 ± 0.000001368 Da
Mass Number	147
G-Factor	0.2216 ± 0.004
Half Life	10.98 ± 0.01 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.9 ± 0.3
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	-

¹⁴⁷Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁸Nd

Abundance	5.756 ± 0.021
Relative Atomic Mass	147.916899027 ± 0.000002203 Da
Mass Number	148
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1937
Parity	+

¹⁴⁸Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)	%
α (α emission)	%

¹⁴⁹Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	148.920154583 ± 0.000002205 Da
Mass Number	149
G-Factor	0.1404 ± 0.004
Half Life	1.728 ± 0.001 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.3 ± 0.3
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	-

¹⁴⁹Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁰Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️ 5.638 ± 0.028
Relative Atomic Mass	149.920901322 ± 0.000001211 Da
Mass Number	150
G-Factor	0
Half Life	9.3 ± 0.7 Ey
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1937
Parity	+

¹⁵⁰Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵¹Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	150.923839363 ± 0.000001215 Da
Mass Number	151
G-Factor
Half Life	12.44 ± 0.07 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	+

¹⁵¹Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵²Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	151.924691242 ± 0.000026276 Da
Mass Number	152
G-Factor	0
Half Life	11.4 ± 0.2 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	+

¹⁵²Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵³Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	152.927717868 ± 0.000002949 Da
Mass Number	153
G-Factor
Half Life	31.6 ± 1 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1987
Parity

¹⁵³Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁴Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	153.929597404 ± 0.0000011 Da
Mass Number	154
G-Factor	0
Half Life	25.9 ± 0.2 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

¹⁵⁴Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁵Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	154.933135598 ± 0.000009826 Da
Mass Number	155
G-Factor
Half Life	8.9 ± 0.2 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1986
Parity	-

¹⁵⁵Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁶Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	155.935370358 ± 0.0000014 Da
Mass Number	156
G-Factor	0
Half Life	5.06 ± 0.13 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1987
Parity	+

¹⁵⁶Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁷Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	156.939351074 ± 0.000002294 Da
Mass Number	157
G-Factor
Half Life	1.15 ± 0.03 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1992
Parity	-

¹⁵⁷Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁸Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	157.94220562 ± 0.0000014 Da
Mass Number	158
G-Factor	0
Half Life	810 ± 30 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1992
Parity	+

¹⁵⁸Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁹Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	158.946619085 ± 0.000032 Da
Mass Number	159
G-Factor
Half Life	500 ± 30 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

¹⁵⁹Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁶⁰Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	159.949839172 ± 0.00005 Da
Mass Number	160
G-Factor	0
Half Life	439 ± 37 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	+

¹⁶⁰Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁶¹Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	160.954664 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	161
G-Factor
Half Life	215 ± 76 ms
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	-

¹⁶¹Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁶²Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	161.958121 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	162
G-Factor	0
Half Life	310 ± 200 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

¹⁶²Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶³Nd

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	162.963414 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	163
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	-

¹⁶³Nd Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

History

Neodymium was first identified in 1885, in Vienna, by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It was discovered in didymium, a substance incorrectly said by Carl Gustav Mosander to be a new element in 1841. Pure neodymium metal was isolated in 1925. From the Greek word neos meaning new, and didymos, twin

Discoverers	C.F. Aver von Welsbach
Discovery Location	Austria
Discovery Year	1925
Etymology (Name Origin)	Greek: neos and didymos (new twin).
Pronunciation	nee-eh-DIM-i-em (English)

Neodymium is considered to be moderately toxic

Most of the world's neodymium is mined in China

Uses

Neodymium is used to make specialized goggles for glass blowers. Neodymium magnets appear in products such as microphones, professional loudspeakers, in-ear headphones, guitar and bass guitar pick-ups and computer hard disks. Glass containing neodymium can be used as a laser material to produce coherent light. Used in making artificial ruby for lasers. Also in ceramics and for a special lens with praseodymium. Also to produce bright purple glass and special glass that filters infrared radiation. Makes up 18% of Mich metal, which is used in making steel.

Sources

Made from electrolysis of its halide salts, which are made from monazite sand.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	41.5 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.0000028 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor	0.00005 %
Abundance in Sun	0.0000003 %
Abundance in Universe	0.000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.1868
2	p	4.2434
2	s	15.7838
3	d	13.8432
3	p	19.311
3	s	19.6572
4	d	33.1908
4	f	37.734
4	p	29.986
4	s	29.0136
5	p	43.039
5	s	41.2575
6	s	50.6934

Neodymium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3545
BNCF Thesaurus ID	37261
CAS Registry Number	7440-00-8
ChEBI ID	33372
ChemSpider ID	22376
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID7047641
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID5064677
Den Store Danske ID	neodym
DrugBank ID	15318
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.281
Elhuyar ZTH ID	028581
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	223451
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/neodymium
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	technology/neodymium-alloy
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	neodyme
Freebase ID	/m/025s4rp
French Vikidia ID	Néodyme
GND ID	4171432-5
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0125979
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2259546
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0013715
InChI	InChI=1S/Nd
InChIKey	QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Neodymium
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85090754
MeSH descriptor ID	D009354
NKCR AUT ID	ph123228
Namuwiki ID	네오디뮴
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007563184005171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	338320
Online PWN Encyclopedia ID	3946601
OpenAlex ID	C540262125
Probes And Drugs ID	PD121955
PubChem CID	23934
RxNorm ID	1311480
Römpp online ID	RD-14-00735
Store norske leksikon ID	neodym
Treccani ID	neodimio
UNII	2I87U3734A
USGS Thesaurus ID	1516
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14670060-n
YSO ID	38612
ZVG number	7600

Neodymium (Nd)

Properties

Isotopes of Neodymium

124Nd

124Nd Decay Modes

125Nd

125Nd Decay Modes

126Nd

126Nd Decay Modes

127Nd

127Nd Decay Modes

128Nd

128Nd Decay Modes

129Nd

129Nd Decay Modes

130Nd

130Nd Decay Modes

131Nd

131Nd Decay Modes

132Nd

132Nd Decay Modes

133Nd

133Nd Decay Modes

134Nd

134Nd Decay Modes

135Nd

135Nd Decay Modes

136Nd

136Nd Decay Modes

137Nd

137Nd Decay Modes

138Nd

138Nd Decay Modes

139Nd

139Nd Decay Modes

140Nd

140Nd Decay Modes

141Nd

141Nd Decay Modes

142Nd

143Nd

144Nd

144Nd Decay Modes

145Nd

145Nd Decay Modes

146Nd

146Nd Decay Modes

147Nd

147Nd Decay Modes

148Nd

148Nd Decay Modes

149Nd

149Nd Decay Modes

150Nd

150Nd Decay Modes

151Nd

151Nd Decay Modes

152Nd

152Nd Decay Modes

153Nd

153Nd Decay Modes

154Nd

154Nd Decay Modes

155Nd

155Nd Decay Modes

156Nd

156Nd Decay Modes

157Nd

157Nd Decay Modes

158Nd

158Nd Decay Modes

159Nd

159Nd Decay Modes

160Nd

160Nd Decay Modes

161Nd

161Nd Decay Modes

162Nd

162Nd Decay Modes

163Nd