Atomic Number | 60 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 144.242 |
Mass Number | 142 |
Group | |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | f |
Protons | 60 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 82 n0 |
Electrons | 60 e- |
Physical Properties | |
---|---|
Atomic Radius | 185 pm
|
Molar Volume | 20.6 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 174 pm
|
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | 129 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 143 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius |
239 pm
|
Density | 7.01 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 1.916 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 5.525 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 289 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 7.1 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 326.9 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f4 6s2 |
Oxidation States | 0, 2, 3, 4 |
Electronegativity |
1.14
|
Electrophilicity | 1.9177223954003881 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 3,347.15 K
|
Melting Point | 1,289.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Neodymium is a Silver. Nd has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #c7ffc7, and MOLCAS GV of #c7ffc7. The Appearance of Element 60 is silvery white. | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery white |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000096 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 27.45 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.19 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 1.6 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000064 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.00000048 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000069235 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0033648
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | 19.2 K
|
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Neodymium is HEX. The lattice constant of Nd is 3.66 Å. The lattice angles of Element 60 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3. | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | 3.66 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Neodymium has a Brinell of 265 MPa, and Vickers of 343 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Nd is 32 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 60 is 16 GPa. The Young Modulus of Neodymium (Nd) is 41 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Neodymium is 0.28. The Speed of Sound of Nd is 2330 m/s. | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | 32 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 16 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 41 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.28
|
Speed of Sound | 2,330 m/s
|
Classification | |
The Glawe Number of Neodymium is 29. The Mendeleev Number of Nd is 19. The Pettifor Number of Element 60 is 30. The Geochemical Class of Neodymium (Nd) is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Neodymium is litophile. | |
Category | Lanthanides, Lanthanides |
CAS Group | |
IUPAC Group | |
Glawe Number | 29 |
Mendeleev Number | 19 |
Pettifor Number | 30 |
Geochemical Class | rare earth & related |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
The Dipole Polarizability of Neodymium is 208 plus or minus 20 a₀. Nd has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 3560 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 60 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Neodymium (Nd) is 49. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Neodymium is 0.011. The Quantum Numbers of Nd is 5I4. The Space Group of Element 60 is 194 (P63/mmc). | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 49
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.011
|
Quantum Numbers | 5I4 |
Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 7 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 33 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 35 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 124 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 125 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 650 ± 150 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 126 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2000 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 127 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.8 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 128 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 129 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6.8 ± 0.6 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 130 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 21 ± 3 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 131 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 25.4 ± 0.9 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 132 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 1.56 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 133 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 70 ± 10 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 134 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 8.5 ± 1.5 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 135 |
G-Factor | -0.17333333333333 ± 0.0066666666666667
|
Half Life | 12.4 ± 0.6 m
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.9 ± 0.5
|
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 136 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 50.65 ± 0.33 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1968 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 137 |
G-Factor | -1.264 ± 0.01
|
Half Life | 38.5 ± 1.5 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 138 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 5.04 ± 0.09 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1965 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 139 |
G-Factor | 0.60333333333333 ± 0.0046666666666667
|
Half Life | 29.7 ± 0.5 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.28 ± 0.09
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 140 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 3.37 ± 0.02 d
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 141 |
G-Factor | 0.67333333333333 ± 0.006
|
Half Life | 2.49 ± 0.03 h
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.32 ± 0.13
|
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 97.28% |
e+ (positron emission) | 2.72% |
Abundance | 27.153 ± 0.04
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 142 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 12.173 ± 0.026
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 143 |
G-Factor | -0.30428571428571 ± 0.0014285714285714
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.61 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1933 |
Parity | - |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 23.798 ± 0.019
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 144 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.29 ± 0.16 Py
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | 8.293 ± 0.012
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 145 |
G-Factor | -0.18742857142857 ± 0.0011428571428571
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.314 ± 0.012
|
Discovery Year | 1933 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | 17.189 ± 0.032
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 146 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | % |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 147 |
G-Factor | 0.2216 ± 0.004
|
Half Life | 10.98 ± 0.01 d
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.9 ± 0.3
|
Discovery Year | 1947 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | 5.756 ± 0.021
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 148 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1937 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | % |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 149 |
G-Factor | 0.1404 ± 0.004
|
Half Life | 1.728 ± 0.001 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.3 ± 0.3
|
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 5.638 ± 0.028
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 150 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 9.3 ± 0.7 Ey
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1937 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 151 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 12.44 ± 0.07 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 152 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 11.4 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 153 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 31.6 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 154 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 25.9 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 155 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.9 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 156 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 5.06 ± 0.13 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 157 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.15 ± 0.03 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 158 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 810 ± 30 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 159 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 500 ± 30 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 160 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 439 ± 37 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 161 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 215 ± 76 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 162 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 310 ± 200 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 163 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Neodymium was first identified in 1885, in Vienna, by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It was discovered in didymium, a substance incorrectly said by Carl Gustav Mosander to be a new element in 1841. Pure neodymium metal was isolated in 1925. From the Greek word neos meaning new, and didymos, twin
Discoverers | C.F. Aver von Welsbach |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Austria |
Discovery Year | 1925 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: neos and didymos (new twin). |
Pronunciation | nee-eh-DIM-i-em (English) |
1 | s | 1.1868 |
2 | p | 4.2434 |
2 | s | 15.7838 |
3 | d | 13.8432 |
3 | p | 19.311 |
3 | s | 19.6572 |
4 | d | 33.1908 |
4 | f | 37.734 |
4 | p | 29.986 |
4 | s | 29.0136 |
5 | p | 43.039 |
5 | s | 41.2575 |
6 | s | 50.6934 |