Atomic Number | 60 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 144.242 |
Mass Number | 142 |
Group | |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | f |
Protons | 60 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 82 n0 |
Electrons | 60 e- |
Atomic Radius | 185 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 20.6 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 174 pm
|
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | 129 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 143 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius |
239 pm
|
Density | 7.01 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 1.916 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 5.525 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 289 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 7.1 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 326.9 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f4 6s2 |
Oxidation States | 0, 2, 3, 4 |
Electronegativity |
1.14
|
Electrophilicity | 1.9177223954003881 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 3,347.15 K
|
Melting Point | 1,289.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery white |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000096 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 27.45 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.19 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 1.6 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000064 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.00000048 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000069235 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0033648
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | 19.2 K
|
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | 3.66 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | 32 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 16 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 41 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.28
|
Speed of Sound | 2,330 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Lanthanides, Lanthanides |
CAS Group | |
IUPAC Group | |
Glawe Number | 29 |
Mendeleev Number | 19 |
Pettifor Number | 30 |
Geochemical Class | rare earth & related |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 49
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.011
|
Quantum Numbers | 5I4 |
Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 7 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 33 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 35 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 124 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 125 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 650 ± 150 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 126 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2000 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 127 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.8 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 128 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 129 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6.8 ± 0.6 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 130 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 21 ± 3 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 131 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 25.4 ± 0.9 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 132 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 1.56 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 133 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 70 ± 10 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 134 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 8.5 ± 1.5 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 135 |
G-Factor | -0.17333333333333 ± 0.0066666666666667
|
Half Life | 12.4 ± 0.6 m
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.9 ± 0.5
|
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 136 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 50.65 ± 0.33 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1968 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 137 |
G-Factor | -1.264 ± 0.01
|
Half Life | 38.5 ± 1.5 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 138 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 5.04 ± 0.09 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1965 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 139 |
G-Factor | 0.60333333333333 ± 0.0046666666666667
|
Half Life | 29.7 ± 0.5 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.28 ± 0.09
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 140 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 3.37 ± 0.02 d
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 141 |
G-Factor | 0.67333333333333 ± 0.006
|
Half Life | 2.49 ± 0.03 h
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.32 ± 0.13
|
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 97.28% |
e+ (positron emission) | 2.72% |
Abundance | 27.153 ± 0.04
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 142 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 12.173 ± 0.026
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 143 |
G-Factor | -0.30428571428571 ± 0.0014285714285714
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.61 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1933 |
Parity | - |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 23.798 ± 0.019
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 144 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.29 ± 0.16 Py
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | 8.293 ± 0.012
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 145 |
G-Factor | -0.18742857142857 ± 0.0011428571428571
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.314 ± 0.012
|
Discovery Year | 1933 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | 17.189 ± 0.032
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 146 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | % |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 147 |
G-Factor | 0.2216 ± 0.004
|
Half Life | 10.98 ± 0.01 d
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.9 ± 0.3
|
Discovery Year | 1947 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | 5.756 ± 0.021
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 148 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1937 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | % |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 149 |
G-Factor | 0.1404 ± 0.004
|
Half Life | 1.728 ± 0.001 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.3 ± 0.3
|
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 5.638 ± 0.028
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 150 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 9.3 ± 0.7 Ey
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1937 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 151 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 12.44 ± 0.07 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 152 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 11.4 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 153 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 31.6 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 154 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 25.9 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 155 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.9 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 156 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 5.06 ± 0.13 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 157 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.15 ± 0.03 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 158 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 810 ± 30 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 159 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 500 ± 30 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 160 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 439 ± 37 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 161 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 215 ± 76 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 162 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 310 ± 200 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 163 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Neodymium was first identified in 1885, in Vienna, by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It was discovered in didymium, a substance incorrectly said by Carl Gustav Mosander to be a new element in 1841. Pure neodymium metal was isolated in 1925. From the Greek word neos meaning new, and didymos, twin
Discoverers | C.F. Aver von Welsbach |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Austria |
Discovery Year | 1925 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: neos and didymos (new twin). |
Pronunciation | nee-eh-DIM-i-em (English) |
1 | s | 1.1868 |
2 | p | 4.2434 |
2 | s | 15.7838 |
3 | d | 13.8432 |
3 | p | 19.311 |
3 | s | 19.6572 |
4 | d | 33.1908 |
4 | f | 37.734 |
4 | p | 29.986 |
4 | s | 29.0136 |
5 | p | 43.039 |
5 | s | 41.2575 |
6 | s | 50.6934 |