Polonium (Po)

Polonium is the 84th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Po and atomic number of 84. It has an atomic weight of (209) and a mass number of 186. Polonium has eighty-four protons and one hundred two neutrons in its nucleus, and eighty-four electrons in six shells. It is located in group sixteen, period six and block p of the periodic table. Rare radioactive metallic element, belongs to group 16 of the periodic table. Over 30 known isotopes exist, the most of all elements. Po-209 has a half-life of 103 years. Possible uses in heating spacecraft. Discovered by Marie Curie in 1898 in a sample of pitchblende.

Atomic Number	84
Atomic Weight	209
Mass Number	186

Group	16
Period	6
Block	p

Protons	84 p⁺
Neutrons	102 n⁰
Electrons	84 e^-

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	190 pm 250 pm
Molar Volume	22.7 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	145 pm 135 pm 129 pm 140 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius	94 pm 108 pm 67 pm
Crystal Radius	108 pm 122 pm 81 pm
Van der Waals Radius	197 pm 259 pm 197 pm 470.9 pm
Density	9.2 g/cm³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	1.9 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	8.414 eV/particle 19.3 eV/particle 27 eV/particle 36 eV/particle 57 eV/particle 69.1 eV/particle 108 eV/particle 125 eV/particle 146.1 eV/particle 166 eV/particle 190 eV/particle 209 eV/particle 235 eV/particle 257 eV/particle 281 eV/particle 304 eV/particle 416 eV/particle 444 eV/particle 473 eV/particle 502 eV/particle 560 eV/particle 590 eV/particle 670 eV/particle 700 eV/particle 740 eV/particle 800 eV/particle 860 eV/particle 930 eV/particle 990 eV/particle 1,060 eV/particle 1,120 eV/particle 1,180 eV/particle 1,250 eV/particle 1,320 eV/particle 1,380 eV/particle 1,440 eV/particle 1,510 eV/particle 1,570 eV/particle 1,865 eV/particle 1,923 eV/particle 1,986 eV/particle 2,052 eV/particle 2,115 eV/particle 2,177 eV/particle 2,281 eV/particle 2,345 eV/particle 2,414 eV/particle 2,480 eV/particle 2,740 eV/particle 2,803 eV/particle 2,873 eV/particle 2,938 eV/particle 3,194 eV/particle 3,268 eV/particle 3,450 eV/particle 3,524.2 eV/particle 5,785 eV/particle 5,930 eV/particle 6,084 eV/particle 6,248 eV/particle 6,405 eV/particle 6,557 eV/particle 6,856 eV/particle 7,015 eV/particle 7,191 eV/particle 7,350 eV/particle 7,810 eV/particle 7,940 eV/particle 8,100 eV/particle 8,240 eV/particle 9,050 eV/particle 9,220 eV/particle 9,550 eV/particle 9,710 eV/particle 20,670 eV/particle 21,050 eV/particle 21,470 eV/particle 21,860 eV/particle 24,860 eV/particle 25,360 eV/particle 25,990 eV/particle 26,390.4 eV/particle 105,064.3 eV/particle 106,982.7 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	102.9 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	10 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6

Valence Electrons	6 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁴ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁴

Oxidation States	-2, 2, 4, 5, 6
Electronegativity	13 eV/particle 0.186842 2
Electrophilicity Index	2.0413454866441514 eV/particle
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	1,235.15 K
Melting Point	527.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Polonium is a Silver. Po has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #ab5c00, and MOLCAS GV of #ab5c00. The Appearance of Element 84 is silvery.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #ab5c00 #ab5c00
Appearance	silvery
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Molar Heat Capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	2.3 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000043 Ω*m
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Polonium is SC. The lattice constant of Po is 3.35 Å. The lattice angles of Element 84 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Simple Cubic (SC)
Lattice Constant	3.35 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties

Hardness
Bulk Modulus
Shear Modulus
Young's Modulus
Poisson Ratio
Speed of Sound
Classification
The CAS Group of Polonium is VIB. The IUPAC Group of Po is VIA. The Glawe Number of Element 84 is 93. The Mendeleev Number of Polonium (Po) is 103. The Pettifor Number of Polonium is 91. The Geochemical Class of Po is U/Th decay series. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 84 is synthetic.
Category	Metalloids, Metalloids
CAS Group	VIB
IUPAC Group	VIA
Glawe Number	93
Mendeleev Number	103
Pettifor Number	91
Geochemical Class	U/Th decay series
Goldschmidt Class	synthetic

Other

The Dipole Polarizability of Polonium is 44 plus or minus 4 a₀. Po has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 424 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 84 are Alpha Polonium, Beta Polonium. The Neutron Cross Section of Polonium (Po) is 0.5. The Quantum Numbers of Polonium is 3P2. The Space Group of Po is 221 (Pm-3m).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	44 ± 4 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	424 a₀
Allotropes	Alpha Polonium, Beta Polonium
Neutron Cross Section	0.5
Neutron Mass Absorption
Quantum Numbers	3P2
Space Group	221 (Pm-3m)

Isotopes of Polonium

Stable Isotopes	0
Unstable Isotopes	42
Natural Isotopes	0

¹⁸⁶Po

Mass Number	186
Neutron Number	102
Relative Atomic Mass	186.004403174 ± 0.000019622 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	34 ± 12 us
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2005
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
p (proton emission)

¹⁸⁷Po

Mass Number	187
Neutron Number	103
Relative Atomic Mass	187.003031482 ± 0.00003503 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.4 ± 0.25 ms
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2005
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁸⁸Po

Mass Number	188
Neutron Number	104
Relative Atomic Mass	187.999415586 ± 0.000021438 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	270 ± 30 us
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁸⁹Po

Mass Number	189
Neutron Number	105
Relative Atomic Mass	188.998473425 ± 0.000023681 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.5 ± 0.5 ms
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁹⁰Po

Mass Number	190
Neutron Number	106
Relative Atomic Mass	189.995101731 ± 0.000014131 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.45 ± 0.05 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1996
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁹¹Po

Mass Number	191
Neutron Number	107
Relative Atomic Mass	190.994558494 ± 0.000007624 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	22 ± 1 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1993
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁹²Po

Mass Number	192
Neutron Number	108
Relative Atomic Mass	191.991340274 ± 0.000011416 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	32.2 ± 0.3 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁹³Po

Mass Number	193
Neutron Number	109
Relative Atomic Mass	192.991062421 ± 0.000015599 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	399 ± 34 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	-1.3 ± 0.3
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁹⁴Po

Mass Number	194
Neutron Number	110
Relative Atomic Mass	193.988186058 ± 0.00001386 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	392 ± 4 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁹⁵Po

Mass Number	195
Neutron Number	111
Relative Atomic Mass	194.988065781 ± 0.000006486 Da
G-Factor	-0.4 ± 0.026666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.64 ± 0.09 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.9 ± 0.3
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	94%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁹⁶Po

Mass Number	196
Neutron Number	112
Relative Atomic Mass	195.985540722 ± 0.000005778 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.63 ± 0.07 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	94%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁹⁷Po

Mass Number	197
Neutron Number	113
Relative Atomic Mass	196.985621939 ± 0.000010585 Da
G-Factor	-0.58666666666667 ± 0.046666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	53.6 ± 0.9 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.4 ± 0.2
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
α (α emission)	44%

¹⁹⁸Po

Mass Number	198
Neutron Number	114
Relative Atomic Mass	197.983388753 ± 0.000018705 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.76 ± 0.024 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	57%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	43%

¹⁹⁹Po

Mass Number	199
Neutron Number	115
Relative Atomic Mass	198.983640445 ± 0.000005828 Da
G-Factor	-0.60666666666667 ± 0.046666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.47 ± 0.15 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.27 ± 0.15
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	92.5%
α (α emission)	7.5%

²⁰⁰Po

Mass Number	200
Neutron Number	116
Relative Atomic Mass	199.981812355 ± 0.000008136 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	11.51 ± 0.08 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	88.9%
α (α emission)	11.1%

²⁰¹Po

Mass Number	201
Neutron Number	117
Relative Atomic Mass	200.982263799 ± 0.000005305 Da
G-Factor	-0.65333333333333 ± 0.046666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	15.6 ± 0.1 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.1 ± 0.1
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	98.87%
α (α emission)	1.13%

²⁰²Po

Mass Number	202
Neutron Number	118
Relative Atomic Mass	201.980738934 ± 0.000009307 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	44.6 ± 0.4 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	98.08%
α (α emission)	1.92%

²⁰³Po

Mass Number	203
Neutron Number	119
Relative Atomic Mass	202.981416072 ± 0.000004981 Da
G-Factor	0.296 ± 0.02
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	36.7 ± 0.5 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.17 ± 0.1
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.89%
α (α emission)	0.11%

²⁰⁴Po

Mass Number	204
Neutron Number	120
Relative Atomic Mass	203.980310078 ± 0.000010811 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.519 ± 0.012 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.33%
α (α emission)	0.67%

²⁰⁵Po

Mass Number	205
Neutron Number	121
Relative Atomic Mass	204.981190006 ± 0.000010798 Da
G-Factor	0.304 ± 0.024
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.74 ± 0.08 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.96%
α (α emission)	0.04%

²⁰⁶Po

Mass Number	206
Neutron Number	122
Relative Atomic Mass	205.980473662 ± 0.000004306 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	8.8 ± 0.1 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	94.55%
α (α emission)	5.45%

²⁰⁷Po

Mass Number	207
Neutron Number	123
Relative Atomic Mass	206.981593334 ± 0.000007148 Da
G-Factor	0.316 ± 0.024
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.8 ± 0.02 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.28 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.021%

²⁰⁸Po

Mass Number	208
Neutron Number	124
Relative Atomic Mass	207.981246035 ± 0.000001795 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.898 ± 0.002 y
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	0.0042%

²⁰⁹Po

Mass Number	209
Neutron Number	125
Relative Atomic Mass	208.982430361 ± 0.000001909 Da
G-Factor	1.36 ± 0.16
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	124 ± 3 y
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	99.546%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	0.454%

²¹⁰Po

Mass Number	210
Neutron Number	126
Relative Atomic Mass	209.982873686 ± 0.00000123 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	138.376 ± 0.002 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1898
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹¹Po

Mass Number	211
Neutron Number	127
Relative Atomic Mass	210.986653171 ± 0.000001347 Da
G-Factor	-0.26666666666667 ± 0.017777777777778
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	516 ± 3 ms
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.77 ± 0.15
Discovery Year	1913
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹²Po

Mass Number	212
Neutron Number	128
Relative Atomic Mass	211.988867982 ± 0.000001237 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	294.4 ± 0.8 ns
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1906
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹³Po

Mass Number	213
Neutron Number	129
Relative Atomic Mass	212.992857154 ± 0.000003277 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.705 ± 0.001 us
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁴Po

Mass Number	214
Neutron Number	130
Relative Atomic Mass	213.995201287 ± 0.000001556 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	163.47 ± 0.03 us
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1912
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁵Po

Mass Number	215
Neutron Number	131
Relative Atomic Mass	214.999418385 ± 0.000002276 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.781 ± 0.005 ms
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1911
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	2.3%

²¹⁶Po

Mass Number	216
Neutron Number	132
Relative Atomic Mass	216.001913416 ± 0.000001948 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	144 ± 0.6 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1910
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)

²¹⁷Po

Mass Number	217
Neutron Number	133
Relative Atomic Mass	217.006316145 ± 0.000007025 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.53 ± 0.05 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1956
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	97.5%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	2.5%

²¹⁸Po

Mass Number	218
Neutron Number	134
Relative Atomic Mass	218.008971234 ± 0.000002112 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.097 ± 0.012 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1904
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	99.98%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	0.02%

²¹⁹Po

Mass Number	219
Neutron Number	135
Relative Atomic Mass	219.013614 ± 0.000017 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	10.3 ± 1 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1998
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	71.8%
α (α emission)	28.2%

²²⁰Po

Mass Number	220
Neutron Number	136
Relative Atomic Mass	220.016386 ± 0.000019 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1998
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

²²¹Po

Mass Number	221
Neutron Number	137
Relative Atomic Mass	221.021228 ± 0.000021 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.2 ± 0.7 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²²²Po

Mass Number	222
Neutron Number	138
Relative Atomic Mass	222.02414 ± 0.000043 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9.1 ± 7.2 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²²³Po

Mass Number	223
Neutron Number	139
Relative Atomic Mass	223.02907 ± 0.00021 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

²²⁴Po

Mass Number	224
Neutron Number	140
Relative Atomic Mass	224.03211 ± 0.00021 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

²²⁵Po

Mass Number	225
Neutron Number	141
Relative Atomic Mass	225.037123 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

²²⁶Po

Mass Number	226
Neutron Number	142
Relative Atomic Mass	226.04031 ± 0.00043 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

²²⁷Po

Mass Number	227
Neutron Number	143
Relative Atomic Mass	227.04539 ± 0.00043 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

History

Polonium was discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie in 1898 in Paris. This element was the first one discovered by the Curies while they were investigating the cause of pitchblende radioactivity. The dangers of working with radioactive elements were not known when the Curies made their discoveries. Named after Poland, native country of Madam Curie

Discoverers	Pierre and Marie Curie
Discovery Location	France
Discovery Year	1898
Etymology (Name Origin)	Named for Poland, native country of Marie Curie.
Pronunciation	peh-LOW-ni-em (English)

Polonium is highly dangerous and radioactive

Polonium is obtained by irradiating bismuth with high-energy neutrons or protons

Uses

Polonium is used to eliminate static electricity produced during processes such as rolling paper, wire and sheet metal. Polonium can be mixed or alloyed with beryllium to provide a source of neutrons. It is also used in anti-static brushes to eliminate dust on photographic film. Used in industrial equipment that eliminates static electricity caused by such processes as rolling paper, wire, and sheet metal.

Sources

Occurs in pitchblende from decay of bismuth.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.0000000002 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)	0.000000000000015 mg/L
Natural Abundance (Human Body)	0 %
Natural Abundance (Meteor)
Natural Abundance (Sun)
Abundance in Universe	0 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.6232
2	p	4.5428
2	s	22.0782
3	d	13.428
3	p	23.2851
3	s	24.3813
4	d	36.3328
4	f	37.8416
4	p	36.3328
4	s	35.4784
5	d	58.696
5	p	53.9755
5	s	51.977
6	p	69.7794
6	s	67.6692

Also Known As

Po
element 84
84Po

Translations

Frenchpolonium
Norwegian Bokmålpolonium
Italianpolonio
Spanishpolonio
GermanPolonium
Norwegian Nynorskpolonium
Hungarianpolónium
Afrikaanspolonium
Amharicፖሎኒየም
AragonesePolonio
Arabicبولونيوم
AsturianPoloniu
AzerbaijaniPolonium
Belarusianпалоній
Bulgarianполоний
Banglaপোলোনিয়াম
Bosnianpolonij
Catalanpoloni
CorsicanPoloniu
Czechpolonium
ChuvashПолони
WelshPoloniwm
Danishpolonium
Greekπολώνιο
Esperantopolonio
Estonianpoloonium
Basquepolonio
Persianپولونیم
Finnishpolonium
FriulianPoloni
IrishPolóiniam
Galicianpolonio
ManxPolonium
Hakka Chinesepolonium
Hebrewפולוניום
Fiji HindiPolonium
CroatianPolonij
Haitian CreolePolonyòm
Armenianպոլոնիում
InterlinguaPolonium
Indonesianpolonium
IdoPolonio
Icelandicpólon
Japaneseポロニウム
Lojbanjicmrpoloni
Georgianპოლონიუმი
KazakhПолоний
Kannadaಪೊಲೊನಿಯಮ್
Korean폴로늄
KurdishPolonyûm
KomiПолоний
Latinpolonium
LuxembourgishPolonium
LigurianPolonnio
LithuanianPolonis
Latvianpolonijs
Malayalamപൊളോണിയം
Mongolianполони
Marathiपोलोनियम
Western MariПолоний
MalayPolonium
Burmeseပိုလိုနီယမ်
Low GermanPolonium
Dutchpolonium
OccitanPolòni
Polishpolon
Western Panjabiپولونیم
Pashtoپولونيم
Portuguesepolónio
QuechuaPolonyu
Romanianpoloniu
Russianполоний
Sicilianpuloniu
Serbo-CroatianPolonijum
Slovakpolónium
SlovenianPolonij
AlbanianPoloniumi
Serbianполонијум
Saterland FrisianPolonium
Swedishpolonium
SwahiliPoloni
Tamilபொலோனியம்
Thaiพอโลเนียม
TagalogPolonyo
Turkishpolonyum
Uyghurپولونىي
Ukrainianполоній
Urduپولونیئم
VepsPolonii
Vietnamesepoloni
WarayPolonyo
KalmykПолон
Yiddishפאלאניום
YorubaPolonium
Chinese釙
English (Canada)Polonium
English (United Kingdom)polonium
Chinese (China)钋
Chinese (Simplified)钋
Chinese (Traditional)釙
BretonPoloniom
CebuanoPolonyo
Macedonianполониум
Central Kurdishپۆلۆنیۆم
Gujaratiપોલોનીયમ
Odiaପୋଲୋନିଅମ
Punjabiਪੋਲੋਨੀਅਮ
TatarПолоний
PiedmontesePolòni
Scotspolonium
Cantonese釙
SomaliBoloniyaam
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)палён
Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)釙
Chinese (Taiwan)釙
AromanianPoloniu
UzbekPoloniy
KyrgyzПолоний
LimburgishPolonium
FaroesePolonium
Sanskritपोलोनियम
Maltesepolonju
Nepaliपोलोनियम
Newariपोलोनियम
Scottish GaelicPolonium
Hindiपोलोनियम
LombardPolonio
Bhojpuriपोलोनियम
Paliपोलोनियम
Portuguese (Brazil)polônio
Teluguపొలోనియం
cdoPolonium
Min Nan ChinesePolonium
Tibetanབོ་ལོ་ནིམ།
Chinese (Macao SAR China)釙
Chinese (Malaysia)钋
Chinese (Singapore)钋
Lingua Franca Novapolonio
kbpPɔlɔnɩyɔm
Literary Chinese釙
Northern FrisianPoloonium
oloPolonii
Volapükpolonin
Sinhalaපොලෝනියම්
TajikПолоний
Wu Chinese钋
SardinianPolòniu
BashkirПолоний
Moroccan Arabicپولونيوم
Egyptian Arabicبولونيوم
BikolPolonyo (elemento)
Manipuriꯄꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯌꯝ
CornishPoloniom
BalinesePolonium

Polonium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3559
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	12276890p
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	polonium
CAB ID	20653
CAS Registry Number	7440-08-6
ChEBI ID	33313
ChemSpider ID	4886482
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID7047647
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID9064683
Den Store Danske ID	polonium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.289
Elhuyar ZTH ID	030002
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/polonium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	polonium
Freebase ID	/m/025s7y9
French Vikidia ID	Polonium
GND ID	4175077-9
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0133414
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	3155696
InChI	InChI=1S/Po
InChIKey	HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Polonium
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/POLONI.html
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85104579
MeSH descriptor ID	D011059
NDL Authority ID	00569159
NKCR AUT ID	ph273316
Namuwiki ID	폴로늄
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007563151805171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	160201
OpenAlex ID	C499713411
PSH ID	5810
PubChem CID	6328143
Quora topic ID	Polonium
RIA Novosti reference	55967007
Store norske leksikon ID	polonium
Treccani ID	polonio
UNII	DQY03U61EJ
USGS Thesaurus ID	1542
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14674735-n
YSO ID	17698

Polonium (Po)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Polonium

186Po

187Po

188Po

189Po

190Po

191Po

192Po

193Po

194Po

195Po

196Po

197Po

198Po

199Po

200Po

201Po

202Po

203Po

204Po

205Po

206Po

207Po

208Po

209Po

210Po

211Po

212Po

213Po

214Po

215Po

216Po

217Po

218Po

219Po

220Po

221Po

222Po

223Po

224Po

225Po

226Po

227Po