Polonium

Polonium (Po)

grundämne
Atomnummer84
Atommassa209
masstal186
Grupp16
Period6
Blockp
Protoner84 p+
Neutroner102 n0
Electrons84 e-
Animated Bohrs atommodell of Po (Polonium)

Egenskaper

fysisk egenskap
atomradie
190 pm
molvolym
kovalent radie
145 pm
Metallic Radius
ionic radius
94 pm
Crystal Radius
108 pm
Van der Waalsradie
197 pm
densitet
9,2 g/cm³
energi
proton affinity
Elektronaffinitet
joniseringsenergi
joniseringsenergi of Po (Polonium)
ångbildningsvärme
102,9 kJ/mol
smältvärme
Bildningsentalpi
Electrons
electron shell2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6
Bohrs atommodell: Po (Polonium)
valenselektron6
Elektronformel: Po (Polonium)
elektronkonfiguration[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Enhanced Bohrs atommodell of Po (Polonium)
Orbital Diagram of Po (Polonium)
oxidationstal-2, 2, 4, 5, 6
elektronegativitet
2
Electrophilicity
2,0413454866441514 eV/particle
Phases
aggregationstillståndFast
Gas Phase
Kokpunkt
1 235,15 K
Smältpunkt
527,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
Visual
färg
Silver
appearancesilvery
Brytningsindex
materialegenskap
Värmeledningsförmåga
termisk expansion
molar heat capacity
Specifik värmekapacitet
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
elektrisk konduktivitet
2,3 MS/m
resistivitet
0,00000043 m Ω
supraledare
magnetism
type
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass)
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar)
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume)
magnetic ordering
Curiepunkten
Néel temperature
Structure
KristallstrukturEnkelt kubisk (SC)
Gitterkonstant
3,35 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, π/2
mekanisk materialegenskap
hårdhet
Kompressibilitet
skjuvmodul
Young's modulus
Poissons konstant
ljudhastighet
klassificering
KategoriMetalloid, Metalloids
CAS GroupVIB
IUPAC GroupVIA
Glawe Number93
Mendeleev Number103
Pettifor Number91
Geochemical ClassU/Th decay series
Goldschmidt classificationsynthetic
övrigt
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability
44 ± 4 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
AllotropesAlpha Polonium, Beta Polonium
Träffyta
0,5
Neutron Mass Absorption
kvanttal3P2
rymdgrupp221 (Pm-3m)

Poloniumisotoper

Stabila isotoper0
Instabila isotoper42
Radioactive Isotopes42

186Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
186,004403174 ± 0,000019622 Da
masstal186
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
34 ± 12 us
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2005
Paritet+

186Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
p (proton emission)%

187Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
187,003031482 ± 0,00003503 Da
masstal187
g-factor
Halveringstid
1,4 ± 0,25 ms
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2005
Paritet-

187Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

188Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
187,999415586 ± 0,000021438 Da
masstal188
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
270 ± 30 us
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1999
Paritet+

188Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

189Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
188,998473425 ± 0,000023681 Da
masstal189
g-factor
Halveringstid
3,5 ± 0,5 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1999
Paritet-

189Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

190Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
189,995101731 ± 0,000014131 Da
masstal190
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
2,45 ± 0,05 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1996
Paritet+

190Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

191Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
190,994558494 ± 0,000007624 Da
masstal191
g-factor
Halveringstid
22 ± 1 ms
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1993
Paritet-

191Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

192Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
191,991340274 ± 0,000011416 Da
masstal192
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
32,2 ± 0,3 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1977
Paritet+

192Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

193Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
192,991062421 ± 0,000015599 Da
masstal193
g-factor
Halveringstid
399 ± 34 ms
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−1,3 ± 0,3
upptäcktsdatum1967
Paritet-

193Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

194Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
193,988186058 ± 0,00001386 Da
masstal194
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
392 ± 4 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1967
Paritet+

194Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

195Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
194,988065781 ± 0,000006486 Da
masstal195
g-factor
−0,4 ± 0,026666666666667
Halveringstid
4,64 ± 0,09 s
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−0,9 ± 0,3
upptäcktsdatum1967
Paritet-

195Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)94%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

196Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
195,985540722 ± 0,000005778 Da
masstal196
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
5,63 ± 0,07 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1967
Paritet+

196Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)94%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%

197Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
196,985621939 ± 0,000010585 Da
masstal197
g-factor
−0,58666666666667 ± 0,046666666666667
Halveringstid
53,6 ± 0,9 s
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−0,4 ± 0,2
upptäcktsdatum1965
Paritet-

197Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)%
α (α emission)44%

198Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
197,983388753 ± 0,000018705 Da
masstal198
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
1,76 ± 0,024 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1965
Paritet+

198Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)57%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)43%

199Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
198,983640445 ± 0,000005828 Da
masstal199
g-factor
−0,60666666666667 ± 0,046666666666667
Halveringstid
5,47 ± 0,15 m
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−0,27 ± 0,15
upptäcktsdatum1965
Paritet-

199Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)92.5%
α (α emission)7.5%

200Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
199,981812355 ± 0,000008136 Da
masstal200
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
11,51 ± 0,08 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1951
Paritet+

200Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)88.9%
α (α emission)11.1%

201Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
200,982263799 ± 0,000005305 Da
masstal201
g-factor
−0,65333333333333 ± 0,046666666666667
Halveringstid
15,6 ± 0,1 m
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,1 ± 0,1
upptäcktsdatum1951
Paritet-

201Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)98.87%
α (α emission)1.13%

202Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
201,980738934 ± 0,000009307 Da
masstal202
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
44,6 ± 0,4 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1951
Paritet+

202Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)98.08%
α (α emission)1.92%

203Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
202,981416072 ± 0,000004981 Da
masstal203
g-factor
0,296 ± 0,02
Halveringstid
36,7 ± 0,5 m
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,17 ± 0,1
upptäcktsdatum1951
Paritet-

203Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.89%
α (α emission)0.11%

204Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
203,980310078 ± 0,000010811 Da
masstal204
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
3,519 ± 0,012 h
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1951
Paritet+

204Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.33%
α (α emission)0.67%

205Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
204,981190006 ± 0,000010798 Da
masstal205
g-factor
0,304 ± 0,024
Halveringstid
1,74 ± 0,08 h
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1951
Paritet-

205Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)99.96%
α (α emission)0.04%

206Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
205,980473662 ± 0,000004306 Da
masstal206
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
8,8 ± 0,1 d
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1947
Paritet+

206Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)94.55%
α (α emission)5.45%

207Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
206,981593334 ± 0,000007148 Da
masstal207
g-factor
0,316 ± 0,024
Halveringstid
5,8 ± 0,02 h
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,28 ± 0,03
upptäcktsdatum1947
Paritet-

207Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
α (α emission)0.021%

208Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
207,981246035 ± 0,000001795 Da
masstal208
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
2,898 ± 0,002 y
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1947
Paritet+

208Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)0.0042%

209Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
208,982430361 ± 0,000001909 Da
masstal209
g-factor
1,36 ± 0,16
Halveringstid
124 ± 3 y
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1949
Paritet-

209Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)99.546%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)0.454%

210Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
209,982873686 ± 0,00000123 Da
masstal210
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
138,376 ± 0,002 d
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1898
Paritet+

210Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%

211Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
210,986653171 ± 0,000001347 Da
masstal211
g-factor
−0,26666666666667 ± 0,017777777777778
Halveringstid
516 ± 3 ms
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−0,77 ± 0,15
upptäcktsdatum1913
Paritet+

211Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%

212Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
211,988867982 ± 0,000001237 Da
masstal212
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
294,4 ± 0,8 ns
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1906
Paritet+

212Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%

213Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
212,992857154 ± 0,000003277 Da
masstal213
g-factor
Halveringstid
3,705 ± 0,001 us
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1947
Paritet+

213Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%

214Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
213,995201287 ± 0,000001556 Da
masstal214
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
163,47 ± 0,03 us
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1912
Paritet+

214Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%

215Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
214,999418385 ± 0,000002276 Da
masstal215
g-factor
Halveringstid
1,781 ± 0,005 ms
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1911
Paritet+

215Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
β (β decay)2.3%

216Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
216,001913416 ± 0,000001948 Da
masstal216
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
144 ± 0,6 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1910
Paritet+

216Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)100%
(double β decay)%

217Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
217,006316145 ± 0,000007025 Da
masstal217
g-factor
Halveringstid
1,53 ± 0,05 s
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1956
Paritet+

217Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)97.5%
β (β decay)2.5%

218Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
218,008971234 ± 0,000002112 Da
masstal218
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
3,097 ± 0,012 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1904
Paritet+

218Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
α (α emission)99.98%
β (β decay)0.02%

219Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
219,013614 ± 0,000017 Da
masstal219
g-factor
Halveringstid
10,3 ± 1 m
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1998
Paritet+

219Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)71.8%
α (α emission)28.2%

220Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
220,016386 ± 0,000019 Da
masstal220
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1998
Paritet+

220Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%

221Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
221,021228 ± 0,000021 Da
masstal221
g-factor
Halveringstid
2,2 ± 0,7 m
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

221Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

222Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
222,02414 ± 0,000043 Da
masstal222
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
9,1 ± 7,2 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

222Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

223Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
223,02907 ± 0,00021 Da
masstal223
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn11/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

223Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%

224Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
224,03211 ± 0,00021 Da
masstal224
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

224Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%

225Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
225,037123 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal225
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

225Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%

226Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
226,04031 ± 0,00043 Da
masstal226
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

226Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%

227Po

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
227,04539 ± 0,00043 Da
masstal227
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

227Po Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
2019-11-22 Spark plugs and static eliminators with radioactive polonium at museum display
671067N
Electron shell 084 polonium
Polonium spectrum visible

historia

upptäckare eller uppfinnarePierre and Marie Curie
fyndplatsFrance
upptäcktsdatum1898
etymologiNamed for Poland, native country of Marie Curie.
uttalpeh-LOW-ni-em (engelska)

Sources

Förekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,0000000002 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans
0,000000000000015 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
0 %
Abundance in Meteor
Abundance in Sun
Abundance in Universe
0 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s1.6232
2p4.5428
2s22.0782
3d13.428
3p23.2851
3s24.3813
4d36.3328
4f37.8416
4p36.3328
4s35.4784
5d58.696
5p53.9755
5s51.977
6p69.7794
6s67.6692