Atomic Number | 59 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 140.90766 |
Mass Number | 141 |
Group | |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | f |
Protons | 59 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 82 n0 |
Electrons | 59 e- |
Atomic Radius | 185 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 20.8 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 176 pm
|
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | 99 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 113 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius |
240 pm
|
Density | 6.773 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.962 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 5.473 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 331 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 11.3 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 356.9 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f3 6s2 |
Oxidation States | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Electronegativity |
1.13
|
Electrophilicity | 1.1474513688760803 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 3,793.15 K
|
Melting Point | 1,204.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | grayish white |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 12.5 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000067 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 27.2 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.193 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 1.4 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.0000007 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.000000423 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000059604 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0028087
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | 3.67 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | 29 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 15 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 37 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.28
|
Speed of Sound | 2,280 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Lanthanides, Lanthanides |
CAS Group | |
IUPAC Group | |
Glawe Number | 30 |
Mendeleev Number | 17 |
Pettifor Number | 31 |
Geochemical Class | rare earth & related |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 11.4
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0029
|
Quantum Numbers | 4I9/2 |
Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 1 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 40 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 40 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 121 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 12 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2005 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 122 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 123 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 124 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.2 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 125 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.3 ± 0.7 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2002 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 126 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.12 ± 0.18 s
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 127 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.2 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 128 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.85 ± 0.09 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 129 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 30 ± 4 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 130 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 40 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 131 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.5 ± 0.03 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 132 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.49 ± 0.11 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 133 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6.5 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 134 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 17 ± 2 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 135 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 24 ± 1 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 136 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 13.1 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1968 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 137 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.28 ± 0.03 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1958 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 138 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.45 ± 0.05 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 139 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.41 ± 0.04 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 140 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.39 ± 0.01 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
e+ (positron emission) | 48.7% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 51.3% |
Abundance | 100
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 141 |
G-Factor | 1.7064 ± 0.0012
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.077 ± 0.006
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 142 |
G-Factor | 0.117 ± 0.0005
|
Half Life | 19.12 ± 0.04 h
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.039 ± 0.017
|
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 0.0164% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 143 |
G-Factor | 0.77 ± 0.0014285714285714
|
Half Life | 13.57 ± 0.02 d
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.77 ± 0.16
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 144 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 17.28 ± 0.05 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 145 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.984 ± 0.01 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 146 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 24.09 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1953 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 147 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 13.39 ± 0.04 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 148 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.29 ± 0.02 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 149 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.26 ± 0.07 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 150 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6.19 ± 0.16 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 151 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 18.9 ± 0.07 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1990 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 152 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.57 ± 0.11 s
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 153 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.28 ± 0.11 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 154 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.3 ± 0.09 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1988 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 155 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.47 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 156 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 444 ± 6 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 157 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 307 ± 21 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2017 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 158 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 181 ± 14 ms
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2016 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 159 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 134 ± 43 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2017 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 160 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 170 ± 140 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2017 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 161 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Praseodymium was first identified in 1885, in Vienna, by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It was discovered in didymium, a substance incorrectly said by Carl Gustav Mosander to be a new element in 1841. Pure metallic praseodymium was first produced in 1931. From the Greek word prasios, green, and didymos, twin
Discoverers | C.F. Aver von Welsbach |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Austria |
Discovery Year | 1885 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: prasios and didymos (green twin); from its green salts. |
Pronunciation | pra-si-eh-DIM-i-em (English) |
1 | s | 1.1694 |
2 | p | 4.2306 |
2 | s | 15.538 |
3 | d | 13.8476 |
3 | p | 19.1756 |
3 | s | 19.499 |
4 | d | 32.7028 |
4 | f | 37.8992 |
4 | p | 29.9432 |
4 | s | 28.6668 |
5 | p | 43.7165 |
5 | s | 41.387 |
6 | s | 51.2534 |