Sofre (S)

chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16

Atomic Number	16
Atomic Weight	32.06
mass number	32

Group	16
Period	3
Block	p

proton	16 p⁺
neutron	16 n⁰
electron	16 e^-

Proprietat Fisica

Rai Atomic	100 pm 214 pm
molar volume	15.5 cm³/mol
covalent radius	103 pm 94 pm 95 pm 102 pm 105 pm
Metallic Radius	104 pm 127 pm
ionic radius	184 pm 37 pm 12 pm 29 pm
Crystal Radius	170 pm 51 pm 26 pm 43 pm
Rai de van der Waals	180 pm 180 pm 403 pm 180 pm 215 pm 181 pm 403.5 pm
densitat	2.07 g/cm³ 1819 kg/m³

Chemical Property

energia

proton affinity	664.3 kJ/mol
electron affinity	2.07710403 eV/particle
ionization energy	10.36001 eV/particle 23.33788 eV/particle 34.856 eV/particle 47.222 eV/particle 72.59449 eV/particle 88.05292 eV/particle 280.954 eV/particle 328.79 eV/particle 379.84 eV/particle 447.74 eV/particle 504.55 eV/particle 564.407 eV/particle 651.96 eV/particle 706.994 eV/particle 3223.78059 eV/particle 3494.1877 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	10.5 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	1.23 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	277.17 kJ/mol
electron

electron shell	2, 8, 6

valence electron	6 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ne] 3s² 3p⁴ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴

oxidation number	-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Electronegativitat	15.31 eV/particle 0.23596 2.58
Electrophilicity Index	2.3343529124239053 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

estat de la matèria	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	717.76 K 717.76 K
Melting Point	368.35 K 388.36 K
critical pressure	20.7 MPa
critical temperature	1314.15 K 1314.15 K
Ponch triple
appearance
Color	Yellow #ffc832 #ffff30 #fff529
appearance	lemon yellow sintered microcrystals
Indici de refraccion	1.001111
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	0.27 W/(m K)
thermal expansion
molar heat capacity	22.7 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.708 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Insulator
electrical conductivity	0.000000000000000000001 MS/m
electrical resistivity	1000000000000000 Ω*m
superconductivity
magnetism
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000062 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0.000000000199 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0.0000122
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
estructura
Crystal Structure	Face Centered Orthorhombic (ORC)
lattice constant	10.47 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
Duretat	2 MPa
bulk modulus	7.7 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
speed of sound
classification
Category	Other nonmetals, Nonmetals
CAS Group	VIB
IUPAC Group	VIA
Glawe Number	96
Mendeleev Number	100
Pettifor Number	94
Geochemical Class	semi-volatile
Goldschmidt classification	chalcophile

other

Gas Basicity	640.2 kJ/mol
polarizability	19.4 ± 0.1 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	134 a₀ 140 a₀
allotrope	Rhombic Sulphur, Monoclinic Sulphur, Amorphous Sulphur
Neutron cross section	0.52
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.00055
quantum number	3P2
space group	70 (Fddd)

Isotopes of Sulfur

Stable Isotopes	4
Unstable Isotopes	20
Natural Isotopes	4

²⁶S

mass number	26
neutron number	10
Relative Atomic Mass	26.029716 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida
Espin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
data de descobèrta
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2p (2-proton emission)

²⁷S

mass number	27
neutron number	11
Relative Atomic Mass	27.018777 ± 0.00043 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	16.3 ± 0.2 ms
Espin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
data de descobèrta	1986
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	61%
2p (2-proton emission)	3%

²⁸S

mass number	28
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	28.004372762 ± 0.000171767 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	125 ± 10 ms
Espin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
data de descobèrta	1982
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	20.7%

²⁹S

mass number	29
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	28.996678 ± 0.000014 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	188 ± 4 ms
Espin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
data de descobèrta	1964
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	46.4%

³⁰S

mass number	30
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	29.98490677 ± 0.000000221 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	1.1798 ± 0.0003 s
Espin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
data de descobèrta	1961
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

³¹S

mass number	31
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	30.979557002 ± 0.000000246 Da
g-factor	0.97586 ± 0.00016
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	2.5534 ± 0.0018 s
Espin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
data de descobèrta	1940
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

³²S

mass number	32
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	31.97207117354 ± 0.00000000141 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	94.85 ± 2.55
Radioactivitat	stable isotope
Semivida	Not Radioactive ☢️
Espin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
data de descobèrta	1920
parity	+

³³S

mass number	33
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	32.97145890862 ± 0.00000000144 Da
g-factor	0.42883333333333 ± 0.000013333333333333
natural abundance	0.763 ± 0.02
Radioactivitat	stable isotope
Semivida	Not Radioactive ☢️
Espin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.694 ± 0.004
data de descobèrta	1926
parity	+

³⁴S

mass number	34
neutron number	18
Relative Atomic Mass	33.967867011 ± 0.000000047 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	4.365 ± 0.235
Radioactivitat	stable isotope
Semivida	Not Radioactive ☢️
Espin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
data de descobèrta	1926
parity	+

³⁵S

mass number	35
neutron number	19
Relative Atomic Mass	34.969032321 ± 0.000000043 Da
g-factor	0.66666666666667 ± 0.026666666666667
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	87.37 ± 0.04 d
Espin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.483 ± 0.003
data de descobèrta	1936
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁶S

mass number	36
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	35.967080692 ± 0.000000201 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0.0158 ± 0.0017
Radioactivitat	stable isotope
Semivida	Not Radioactive ☢️
Espin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
data de descobèrta	1938
parity	+

³⁷S

mass number	37
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	36.9711255 ± 0.000000212 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	5.05 ± 0.02 m
Espin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
data de descobèrta	1945
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁸S

mass number	38
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	37.9711633 ± 0.000007699 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	170.3 ± 0.7 m
Espin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
data de descobèrta	1958
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁹S

mass number	39
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	38.97513385 ± 0.000053677 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	11.5 ± 0.5 s
Espin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
data de descobèrta	1971
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁰S

mass number	40
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	39.975482561 ± 0.000004274 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	8.8 ± 2.2 s
Espin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
data de descobèrta	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴¹S

mass number	41
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	40.979593451 ± 0.0000044 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	1.99 ± 0.05 s
Espin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
data de descobèrta	1979
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁴²S

mass number	42
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	41.9810651 ± 0.000003 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	1.016 ± 0.015 s
Espin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
data de descobèrta	1979
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1%

⁴³S

mass number	43
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	42.986907635 ± 0.000005335 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	265 ± 13 ms
Espin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
data de descobèrta	1979
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	40%

⁴⁴S

mass number	44
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	43.990118846 ± 0.0000056 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	100 ± 1 ms
Espin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
data de descobèrta	1979
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	18%

⁴⁵S

mass number	45
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	44.996414 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	68 ± 2 ms
Espin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
data de descobèrta	1989
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	54%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁶S

mass number	46
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	46.000687 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida	50 ± 8 ms
Espin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
data de descobèrta	1989
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁷S

mass number	47
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	47.00773 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida
Espin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
data de descobèrta	1989
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁸S

mass number	48
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	48.013301 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida
Espin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
data de descobèrta	1990
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴⁹S

mass number	49
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	49.021891 ± 0.000626 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioactivitat	☢️ radioactive element
Semivida
Espin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
data de descobèrta	2018
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

istòria

descobridor o inventaire	Known to the ancients.
luòc de descobèrta
data de descobèrta
Etimologia	Latin: sulphur (brimstone).
pronunciation	SUL-fer (English)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	350 mg/kg
natural abundance (Ocean)	905 mg/L
natural abundance (còs uman)	0.2 %
natural abundance (meteoroid)	4 %
natural abundance (Solelh)	0.04 %
Abundance in Universe	0.05 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.4591
2	p	4.023
2	s	5.3712
3	p	10.5181
3	s	9.6331

Sofre on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3579
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	schwefel
Canadian Encyclopedia article ID	sulphur
CosIng number	75467
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID7014941
Den Store Danske ID	svovl
Dizionario di Medicina ID	zolfo
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	218057
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	soufre
EuroVoc ID	4218
French Vikidia ID	Soufre
Golden ID	Sulfur-R9VY8
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	3657023
HSDB ID	5166
ICSC ID	1166
InChI	InChI=1S/S
InChIKey	NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Italian Vikidia ID	Zolfo
KBpedia ID	Sulfur
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/SERA.html
LEM ID	LEM201001202
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	126673
Mindat mineral ID	36807
NALT ID	55168
NSC number	403664
Namuwiki ID	황(원소)
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007548506005171
National Library of Latvia ID	000182402
OpenAlex ID	C518881349
Probes And Drugs ID	PD071852
STW Thesaurus for Economics ID	14627-0
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1013784
Spanish Vikidia ID	Azufre
Store medisinske leksikon ID	svovel
Store medisinske leksikon ID	svovel_-_medisin
Store norske leksikon ID	svovel
U.S. National Archives Identifier	10645875
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	13113
UNESCO Thesaurus ID	concept3497
USGS Thesaurus ID	1582
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Sulfur"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14680398-n
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14809484-n
YSO ID	12305
identificacion NK ČR	ph116380
identificant BNE	XX534797
identificant BNF	11947003d
identificant ChEBI	33403
identificant DSSTOX de substància	DTXSID9034941
identificant Enciclopedia Treccani	zolfo
identificant Encyclopædia Britannica en linha	science/sulfur
identificant Freebase	/m/025sf9q
identificant GND	4180380-2
identificant Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa	1720
identificant Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana	0143151
identificant KEGG	C00087
identificant MeSH	D013455
identificant NDL	00564201
identificant Nationalencyklopedin Online	sulfur
identificant Nationalencyklopedin Online	svavel
identificant PSH	5807
identificant PubChem (CID)	5362487
identificant Quora d'un subjècte	Sulphur
identificant bibliotèca del Congrès	sh85130365
identificant d'InfoCard ECHA	100.028.839
identificant del thesaurus de la BNCF	16105
numèro CAS	7704-34-9
numèro ZVG	8130
sens definit OmegaWiki	3668

Sofre (S)

Proprietat Fisica

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Sulfur

26S

27S

28S

29S

30S

31S

32S

33S

34S

35S

36S

37S

38S

39S

40S

41S

42S

43S

44S

45S

46S

47S

48S

49S

istòria

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

²⁶S

²⁷S

²⁸S

²⁹S

³⁰S

³¹S

³²S

³³S

³⁴S

³⁵S

³⁶S

³⁷S

³⁸S

³⁹S

⁴⁰S

⁴¹S

⁴²S

⁴³S

⁴⁴S

⁴⁵S

⁴⁶S

⁴⁷S

⁴⁸S

⁴⁹S