Svavel

Svavel (S)

grundämne
Atomnummer16
Atommassa32.06
masstal32
Grupp16
Period3
Blockp
Protoner16 p+
Neutroner16 n0
Electrons16 e-
Animated Bohrs atommodell of S (Svavel)

Egenskaper

fysisk egenskap
atomradie
100 pm
molvolym
15,5 cm³/mol
kovalent radie
103 pm
Metallic Radius
104 pm
ionic radius
184 pm
Crystal Radius
170 pm
Van der Waalsradie
180 pm
densitet
2,07 g/cm³
energi
proton affinity
664,3 kJ/mol
Elektronaffinitet
2,07710403 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi
10,36001 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi of S (Svavel)
ångbildningsvärme
10,5 kJ/mol
smältvärme
1,23 kJ/mol
Bildningsentalpi
277,17 kJ/mol
Electrons
electron shell2, 8, 6
Bohrs atommodell: S (Svavel)
valenselektron6
Elektronformel: S (Svavel)
elektronkonfiguration[Ne] 3s2 3p4
Enhanced Bohrs atommodell of S (Svavel)
Orbital Diagram of S (Svavel)
oxidationstal-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
elektronegativitet
2.58
Electrophilicity
2,3343529124239053 eV/particle
Phases
aggregationstillståndFast
Gas Phase
Kokpunkt
717,76 K
Smältpunkt
368,35 K
critical pressure
20,7 MPa
critical temperature
1 314,15 K
trippelpunkt
Visual
färg
Gul
appearancelemon yellow sintered microcrystals
Brytningsindex
1,001111
materialegenskap
Värmeledningsförmåga
0,27 W/(m K)
termisk expansion
molar heat capacity
22,7 J/(mol K)
Specifik värmekapacitet
0,708 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeInsulator
elektrisk konduktivitet
0,000000000000000000001 MS/m
resistivitet
1 000 000 000 000 000 m Ω
supraledare
magnetism
typediamagnetic
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass)
−0,0000000062 m³/Kg
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar)
−0,000000000199 m³/mol
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume)
−0,0000122
magnetic ordering
Curiepunkten
Néel temperature
Structure
KristallstrukturYtcentrerat ortorombiskt (ORC)
Gitterkonstant
10,47 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, π/2
mekanisk materialegenskap
hårdhet
2 MPa
Kompressibilitet
7,7 GPa
skjuvmodul
Young's modulus
Poissons konstant
ljudhastighet
klassificering
KategoriIcke-metaller, Nonmetals
CAS GroupVIB
IUPAC GroupVIA
Glawe Number96
Mendeleev Number100
Pettifor Number94
Geochemical Classsemi-volatile
Goldschmidt classificationchalcophile
övrigt
Gas Basicity
640,2 kJ/mol
Dipole Polarizability
19,4 ± 0,1 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
134 a₀
AllotropesRhombic Sulphur, Monoclinic Sulphur, Amorphous Sulphur
Träffyta
0,52
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,00055
kvanttal3P2
rymdgrupp70 (Fddd)

Svavelisotoper

Stabila isotoper4
Instabila isotoper20
Radioactive Isotopes19

26S

natural abundance
relative atomic mass
26,029716 ± 0,000644 Da
masstal26
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet+
26S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
2p (2-proton emission)%

27S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
27,018777 ± 0,00043 Da
masstal27
g-factor
Halveringstid
16,3 ± 0,2 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1986
Paritet+
27S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)61%
2p (2-proton emission)3%

28S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
28,004372762 ± 0,000171767 Da
masstal28
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
125 ± 10 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1982
Paritet+
28S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)20.7%

29S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
28,996678 ± 0,000014 Da
masstal29
g-factor
Halveringstid
188 ± 4 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1964
Paritet+
29S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)46.4%

30S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
29,98490677 ± 0,000000221 Da
masstal30
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
1,1798 ± 0,0003 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1961
Paritet+
30S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

31S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
30,979557002 ± 0,000000246 Da
masstal31
g-factor
0,97586 ± 0,00016
Halveringstid
2,5534 ± 0,0018 s
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1940
Paritet+
31S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

32S

natural abundance
94,85 ± 2,55
relative atomic mass
31,97207117354 ± 0,00000000141 Da
masstal32
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1920
Paritet+

33S

natural abundance
0,763 ± 0,02
relative atomic mass
32,97145890862 ± 0,00000000144 Da
masstal33
g-factor
0,42883333333333 ± 0,000013333333333333
Halveringstid
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−0,694 ± 0,004
upptäcktsdatum1926
Paritet+

34S

natural abundance
4,365 ± 0,235
relative atomic mass
33,967867011 ± 0,000000047 Da
masstal34
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1926
Paritet+

35S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
34,969032321 ± 0,000000043 Da
masstal35
g-factor
0,66666666666667 ± 0,026666666666667
Halveringstid
87,37 ± 0,04 d
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−0,483 ± 0,003
upptäcktsdatum1936
Paritet+
35S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

36S

natural abundance
0,0158 ± 0,0017
relative atomic mass
35,967080692 ± 0,000000201 Da
masstal36
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1938
Paritet+

37S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
36,9711255 ± 0,000000212 Da
masstal37
g-factor
Halveringstid
5,05 ± 0,02 m
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1945
Paritet-
37S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

38S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
37,9711633 ± 0,000007699 Da
masstal38
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
170,3 ± 0,7 m
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1958
Paritet+
38S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

39S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
38,97513385 ± 0,000053677 Da
masstal39
g-factor
Halveringstid
11,5 ± 0,5 s
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1971
Paritet
39S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

40S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
39,975482561 ± 0,000004274 Da
masstal40
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
8,8 ± 2,2 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1971
Paritet+
40S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

41S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
40,979593451 ± 0,0000044 Da
masstal41
g-factor
Halveringstid
1,99 ± 0,05 s
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1979
Paritet-
41S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%

42S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
41,9810651 ± 0,000003 Da
masstal42
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
1,016 ± 0,015 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1979
Paritet+
42S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)1%

43S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
42,986907635 ± 0,000005335 Da
masstal43
g-factor
Halveringstid
265 ± 13 ms
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1979
Paritet-
43S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)40%

44S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
43,990118846 ± 0,0000056 Da
masstal44
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
100 ± 1 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1979
Paritet+
44S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)18%

45S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
44,996414 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal45
g-factor
Halveringstid
68 ± 2 ms
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1989
Paritet-
45S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)54%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

46S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
46,000687 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal46
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
50 ± 8 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1989
Paritet+
46S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

47S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
47,00773 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal47
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1989
Paritet-
47S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

48S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
48,013301 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal48
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1990
Paritet+
48S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

49S

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
49,021891 ± 0,000626 Da
masstal49
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2018
Paritet-
49S Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%
Sulfur - El Desierto mine, San Pablo de Napa, Daniel Campos Province, Potosí, Bolivia

historia

upptäckare eller uppfinnareKnown to the ancients.
fyndplats
upptäcktsdatum
etymologiLatin: sulphur (brimstone).
uttalSUL-fer (engelska)

Sources

Förekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust
350 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans
905 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
0,2 %
Abundance in Meteor
4 %
Abundance in Sun
0,04 %
Abundance in Universe
0,05 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.4591
2p4.023
2s5.3712
3p10.5181
3s9.6331
Svavel on ChemicalAid