Antimony (Sb)

Antimony is the 51st element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Sb and atomic number of 51. It has an atomic weight of 121.760 and a mass number of 121. Antimony has fifty-one protons and seventy neutrons in its nucleus, and fifty-one electrons in five shells. It is located in group fifteen, period five and block p of the periodic table. Element of group 15. Multiple allotropic forms. The stable form of antimony is a blue-white metal. Yellow and black antimony are unstable non-metals. Used in flame-proofing, paints, ceramics, enamels, and rubber. Attacked by oxidizing acids and halogens. First reported by Tholden in 1450.

Atomic Number	51
Atomic Weight	121.76
Mass Number	121

Group	15
Period	5
Block	p

Protons	51 p⁺
Neutrons	70 n⁰
Electrons	51 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	145 pm 246 pm
Molar Volume	18.4 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	140 pm 133 pm 127 pm 140 pm 139 pm
Metallic Radius	139 pm 166 pm
Ionic Radius	76 pm 80 pm 76 pm 60 pm
Crystal Radius	90 pm 94 pm 90 pm 74 pm
Van der Waals Radius	220 pm 435 pm 206 pm 252 pm 206 pm 442 pm
Density	6.68 g/cm³ 6,530 kg/m³
Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	1.046 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	8.608389 eV/particle 16.63 eV/particle 25.3235 eV/particle 43.8 eV/particle 55 eV/particle 99.51 eV/particle 117 eV/particle 139 eV/particle 162 eV/particle 185 eV/particle 214 eV/particle 238 eV/particle 265 eV/particle 292 eV/particle 317 eV/particle 420 eV/particle 447 eV/particle 479 eV/particle 510 eV/particle 552 eV/particle 584 eV/particle 657 eV/particle 693.26 eV/particle 1,214 eV/particle 1,285 eV/particle 1,360 eV/particle 1,441 eV/particle 1,518 eV/particle 1,606 eV/particle 1,698 eV/particle 1,781 eV/particle 1,869 eV/particle 1,954 eV/particle 2,190 eV/particle 2,266 eV/particle 2,349 eV/particle 2,428 eV/particle 2,567 eV/particle 2,654 eV/particle 2,815 eV/particle 2,900 eV/particle 6,714 eV/particle 6,929 eV/particle 7,167 eV/particle 7,390 eV/particle 7,887 eV/particle 8,140 eV/particle 8,455 eV/particle 8,669.48 eV/particle 35,710.03 eV/particle 36,668.05 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	195.2 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	20.08 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	264.4 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 18, 5

Valence Electrons	5 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³

Oxidation States	-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Electronegativity	11.74 eV/particle 0.1918774 2.05
Electrophilicity Index	1.540637934707554 eV/particle
States of Matter
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	1,860.15 K
Melting Point	903.778 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Antimony is a Silver. Sb has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #9e63b5, and MOLCAS GV of #9e63b5. The Appearance of Element 51 is silvery lustrous gray.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #9e63b5 #9e63b5
Appearance	silvery lustrous gray
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	24.43 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.000011 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	25.23 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.207 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	2.5 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000004 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	diamagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000109 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	-0.000000001327 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	-0.000073
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Antimony is RHL. The lattice constant of Sb is 4.51 Å. The lattice angles of Element 51 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.
Crystal Structure	Simple Trigonal (RHL)
Lattice Constant	4.51 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties
Antimony has a Brinell of 294 MPa, and Mohs hardness of 3 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Sb is 42 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 51 is 20 GPa. The Young Modulus of Antimony (Sb) is 55 GPa. The Speed of Sound of Antimony is 3420 m/s.
Hardness	294 MPa 3 MPa
Bulk Modulus	42 GPa
Shear Modulus	20 GPa
Young's Modulus	55 GPa
Poisson Ratio
Speed of Sound	3,420 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Antimony is VB. The IUPAC Group of Sb is VA. The Glawe Number of Element 51 is 91. The Mendeleev Number of Antimony (Sb) is 96. The Pettifor Number of Antimony is 88. The Geochemical Class of Sb is semi-volatile. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 51 is chalcophile.
Category	Metalloids, Metalloids
CAS Group	VB
IUPAC Group	VA
Glawe Number	91
Mendeleev Number	96
Pettifor Number	88
Geochemical Class	semi-volatile
Goldschmidt Class	chalcophile
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Antimony is 43 plus or minus 2 a₀. Sb has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 492 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 504 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 51 are White Antimony, Yellow Antimony, Black Antimony. The Neutron Cross Section of Antimony (Sb) is 5.4. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Antimony is 0.0016. The Quantum Numbers of Sb is 4S3/2. The Space Group of Element 51 is 166 (R_3m).
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	43 ± 2 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	492 a₀ 504 a₀
Allotropes	White Antimony, Yellow Antimony, Black Antimony
Neutron Cross Section	5.4
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0016
Quantum Numbers	4S3/2
Space Group	166 (R_3m)

Isotopes of Antimony

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	39
Radioactive Isotopes	39

¹⁰²Sb

Mass Number	102
Neutron Number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	101.945142 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)

¹⁰³Sb

Mass Number	103
Neutron Number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	102.939162 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)

¹⁰⁴Sb

Mass Number	104
Neutron Number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	103.936344 ± 0.000109 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	470 ± 130 ms
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1995
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	7%
p (proton emission)	7%
α (α emission)

¹⁰⁵Sb

Mass Number	105
Neutron Number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	104.931276547 ± 0.000023431 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.12 ± 0.16 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
p (proton emission)	0.1%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹⁰⁶Sb

Mass Number	106
Neutron Number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	105.928637979 ± 0.000008 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	600 ± 200 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁷Sb

Mass Number	107
Neutron Number	56
Relative Atomic Mass	106.924150621 ± 0.000004452 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4 ± 0.2 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁸Sb

Mass Number	108
Neutron Number	57
Relative Atomic Mass	107.922226731 ± 0.0000059 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	7.4 ± 0.3 s
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁹Sb

Mass Number	109
Neutron Number	58
Relative Atomic Mass	108.918141203 ± 0.000005652 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	17.2 ± 0.5 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁰Sb

Mass Number	110
Neutron Number	59
Relative Atomic Mass	109.916854283 ± 0.0000064 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	23.6 ± 0.3 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹¹Sb

Mass Number	111
Neutron Number	60
Relative Atomic Mass	110.913218187 ± 0.0000095 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	75 ± 1 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹²Sb

Mass Number	112
Neutron Number	61
Relative Atomic Mass	111.912399903 ± 0.00001914 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	53.5 ± 0.6 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1959
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹³Sb

Mass Number	113
Neutron Number	62
Relative Atomic Mass	112.909374664 ± 0.000018457 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.67 ± 0.07 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1958
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁴Sb

Mass Number	114
Neutron Number	63
Relative Atomic Mass	113.909289155 ± 0.000021226 Da
G-Factor	0.57333333333333 ± 0.026666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.49 ± 0.03 m
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1959
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁵Sb

Mass Number	115
Neutron Number	64
Relative Atomic Mass	114.906598 ± 0.000017203 Da
G-Factor	1.384 ± 0.004
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	32.1 ± 0.3 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1958
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁶Sb

Mass Number	116
Neutron Number	65
Relative Atomic Mass	115.906792732 ± 0.000005533 Da
G-Factor	0.905 ± 0.003
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	15.8 ± 0.8 m
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁷Sb

Mass Number	117
Neutron Number	66
Relative Atomic Mass	116.904841519 ± 0.000009057 Da
G-Factor	1.372 ± 0.024
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.97 ± 0.02 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.2 ± 1.2
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁸Sb

Mass Number	118
Neutron Number	67
Relative Atomic Mass	117.905532194 ± 0.000003237 Da
G-Factor	2.46 ± 0.07
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.6 ± 0.1 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁹Sb

Mass Number	119
Neutron Number	68
Relative Atomic Mass	118.903944062 ± 0.000007512 Da
G-Factor	1.38 ± 0.004
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	38.19 ± 0.22 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹²⁰Sb

Mass Number	120
Neutron Number	69
Relative Atomic Mass	119.905080308 ± 0.000007728 Da
G-Factor	2.3 ± 0.2
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	15.89 ± 0.04 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1937
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²¹Sb

Mass Number	121
Neutron Number	70
Relative Atomic Mass	120.903811353 ± 0.00000269 Da
G-Factor
Abundance	57.21 ± 0.05
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.543 ± 0.011
Discovery Year	1922
Parity	+

¹²²Sb

Mass Number	122
Neutron Number	71
Relative Atomic Mass	121.905169335 ± 0.000002687 Da
G-Factor	-0.95 ± 0.01
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.7238 ± 0.0002 d
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment	1.28 ± 0.08
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	97.59%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	2.41%

¹²³Sb

Mass Number	123
Neutron Number	72
Relative Atomic Mass	122.904215292 ± 0.000001456 Da
G-Factor
Abundance	42.79 ± 0.05
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.692 ± 0.014
Discovery Year	1922
Parity	+

¹²⁴Sb

Mass Number	124
Neutron Number	73
Relative Atomic Mass	123.905937065 ± 0.000001457 Da
G-Factor	0.4 ± 0.0066666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	60.2 ± 0.03 d
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment	2.8 ± 0.2
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁵Sb

Mass Number	125
Neutron Number	74
Relative Atomic Mass	124.905254264 ± 0.0000027 Da
G-Factor	0.75142857142857 ± 0.011428571428571
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.7576 ± 0.0011 y
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁶Sb

Mass Number	126
Neutron Number	75
Relative Atomic Mass	125.907253158 ± 0.000034189 Da
G-Factor	0.16 ± 0.00875
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	12.35 ± 0.06 d
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1956
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁷Sb

Mass Number	127
Neutron Number	76
Relative Atomic Mass	126.906925557 ± 0.000005457 Da
G-Factor	0.77142857142857 ± 0.011428571428571
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.85 ± 0.05 d
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁸Sb

Mass Number	128
Neutron Number	77
Relative Atomic Mass	127.909146121 ± 0.000020169 Da
G-Factor	0.1625 ± 0.025
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9.05 ± 0.04 h
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1956
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁹Sb

Mass Number	129
Neutron Number	78
Relative Atomic Mass	128.909146623 ± 0.000022786 Da
G-Factor	0.79714285714286 ± 0.011428571428571
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.366 ± 0.026 h
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³⁰Sb

Mass Number	130
Neutron Number	79
Relative Atomic Mass	129.911662686 ± 0.000015257 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	39.5 ± 0.8 m
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1962
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³¹Sb

Mass Number	131
Neutron Number	80
Relative Atomic Mass	130.911989339 ± 0.000002236 Da
G-Factor	0.82571428571429 ± 0.011428571428571
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	23.03 ± 0.04 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1956
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³²Sb

Mass Number	132
Neutron Number	81
Relative Atomic Mass	131.914508013 ± 0.000002648 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.79 ± 0.07 m
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1956
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³³Sb

Mass Number	133
Neutron Number	82
Relative Atomic Mass	132.915272128 ± 0.000003357 Da
G-Factor	0.85714285714286 ± 0.011428571428571
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.34 ± 0.05 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³⁴Sb

Mass Number	134
Neutron Number	83
Relative Atomic Mass	133.920537334 ± 0.0000033 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	674 ± 4 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹³⁵Sb

Mass Number	135
Neutron Number	84
Relative Atomic Mass	134.925184354 ± 0.000002834 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.668 ± 0.009 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1964
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	19.1%

¹³⁶Sb

Mass Number	136
Neutron Number	85
Relative Atomic Mass	135.930749009 ± 0.000006258 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	923 ± 14 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	24.7%
2n (2-neutron emission)	0.14%

¹³⁷Sb

Mass Number	137
Neutron Number	86
Relative Atomic Mass	136.935522519 ± 0.000056 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	497 ± 21 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	49%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹³⁸Sb

Mass Number	138
Neutron Number	87
Relative Atomic Mass	137.941331 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	333 ± 7 ms
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	72%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹³⁹Sb

Mass Number	139
Neutron Number	88
Relative Atomic Mass	138.946269 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	182 ± 9 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	90%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁴⁰Sb

Mass Number	140
Neutron Number	89
Relative Atomic Mass	139.952345 ± 0.000644 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	170 ± 6 ms
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	23%
2n (2-neutron emission)	7.6%

¹⁴¹Sb

Mass Number	141
Neutron Number	90
Relative Atomic Mass	140.957552 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	103 ± 29 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁴²Sb

Mass Number	142
Neutron Number	91
Relative Atomic Mass	141.963918 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	80 ± 50 ms
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

History

One of antimony's minerals, stibnite was recognized in predynastic Egypt as an eye cosmetic as early as about 3100 BC. The first European description of a procedure for isolating antimony is in the book De la pirotechnia of 1540 by Vannoccio Biringuccio. The first natural occurrence of pure antimony in the Earth's crust was described by the Swedish scientist and local mine district engineer Anton von Swab in 1783. From the Greek word anti plus monos - a metal not found alone

Discoverers	Known to the ancients.
Discovery Location
Discovery Year
Etymology (Name Origin)	Greek: anti and monos (not alone); symbol from mineral stibnite.
Pronunciation	AN-teh-MOH-ni (English)

Antimony and many of its compounds are toxic

Antimony is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

Uses

The largest applications for metallic antimony are as alloying material for lead and tin and for lead antimony plates in lead-acid batteries. Alloying lead and tin with antimony improves the properties of the alloys which are used in solders, bullets and plain bearings. Antimony trioxide is used as a flame retardant in adhesives, plastics, rubber and textiles. It is alloyed with other metals to increase their hardness. Also in the manufacture of a few special types of semiconductor devices. Also in plastics and chemicals. A few kinds of over-the-counter cold and flu remedies use antimony compounds.

Sources

Found in stibnite (Sb2S3) and in valentinite (Sb2O3).

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.2 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)	0.00024 mg/L
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.000012 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.0000001 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000004 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.0256
2	p	4.1274
2	s	13.4046
3	d	14.2002
3	p	17.8161
3	s	17.7909
4	d	32.0256
4	p	28.8188
4	s	27.4564
5	p	41.0055
5	s	39.389

Also Known As

Sb
element 51
51Sb

Translations

Norwegian Bokmålantimon
Frenchantimoine
Italianantimonio
Russianсурьма
Spanishantimonio
Norwegian Nynorskantimon
Hungarianantimon
Swedishantimon
Danishantimon
GermanAntimon
Polishantymon
Afrikaansantimoon
Amharicኩል
AragoneseAntimonio
Arabicإثمد
AzerbaijaniStibium
BelarusianСурма
Bulgarianантимон
BretonAntimon
Bosnianantimon
Catalanantimoni
CorsicanAntimoniu
Czechantimon
ChuvashСурьма
WelshAntimoni
Greekαντιμόνιο
Esperantoantimono
EstonianAntimon
Basqueantimonio
Persianآنتیموان
Finnishantimoni
FriulianAntimoni
IrishAntamón
GalicianAntimonio
ManxAntimoan
Hakka Chineseantimony
Hebrewאנטימון
Hindiऐन्टिमोनी
Fiji HindiAntimony
CroatianAntimon
Haitian CreoleAntimwàn
Armenianծարիր
Interlinguaantimonio
Indonesianantimon
Idoantimonio
Icelandicantímon
Japaneseアンチモン
Lojbanantimoni
JavaneseAntimon
Georgianსტიბიუმი
Korean안티모니
KurdishStîbyûm
KomiСурма
Latinstibium
LuxembourgishAntimon
LigurianAntimonio
LithuanianStibis
Latvianantimons
MokshaАнтимона
Malayalamആന്റിമണി
Marathiअँटिमनी
Western MariСурьма
MalayAntimoni
Burmeseခနောက်စိမ်း
Low GermanAntimon
Newariएन्टिमोनी
Dutchantimoon
OccitanAntimòni
PampangaAntimony
pnbاینٹیمونی
Portugueseantimónio
QuechuaAntimunyu
Romanianstibiu
Sicilianantimoniu
Serbo-CroatianAntimon
Slovakantimón
SlovenianAntimon
AlbanianAntimoni
Serbianантимон
Saterland FrisianAntimon
Tamilஅந்திமனி
TajikСурма
Thaiพลวง
TagalogAntimonyo
Turkishantimon
Uyghurسۈرمە
Ukrainianстибій
Urduکحل
UzbekSurma
VepsAntimonii
Vietnameseantimon
WarayAntimonyo
KalmykАнтимон
Yiddishשפיזגלאז
YorubaAntimony
Chinese銻
CebuanoAntimonyo
Central Kurdishئەنتیموان
KazakhСүрме
Macedonianантимон
Punjabiਐਂਟੀਮਨੀ
Banglaঅ্যান্টিমনি
Odiaଆଣ୍ଟିମୋନି
Gujaratiએંટિમની
PiedmonteseAntimoni
TatarСөрмә
SwahiliStibi
Scotsantimony
SomaliAntimony
Cantonese銻
Min Nan ChineseAntimon
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Антымон
KyrgyzСурьма
cdoDà̤
Nepaliएन्टिमोनी
Sanskritएन्टिमोनी
LombardAntimonio
Malteseantimonju
Scottish GaelicAntamonaidh
Portuguese (Brazil)antimônio
AromanianStibiu
Paliएन्टिमोनी
Teluguఆంటిమొని
Mongolianсурьма
AsturianAntimoniu
Bhojpuriएंटिमनी
Tibetanམིག་སྶན།
Kannadaಆಂಟಿಮೊನಿ
Literary Chinese銻
ErzyaСурьма
oloSur'ma
kbpAntɩmʊwanɩ
Lingua Franca Novaantimonio
Wu Chinese锑
Northern FrisianAntimoon
hywԾարիր
Chinese (Traditional)銻
Chinese (Taiwan)銻
Chinese (Simplified)锑
English (United Kingdom)antimony
SardinianAntimòniu
BashkirҺөрмә
Moroccan Arabicآنتيموان
Egyptian Arabicاثمد
Pashtoانټيموني
bclAntimonyo
CornishAntimoni
Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)銻
BalineseAntimoni
GandaAntimoni
ZuluIsiBidani
OromoKuula

Antimony on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300011017
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/1375
BNCF Thesaurus ID	20962
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	120163060
CAB ID	33642
CA PROP 65 ID	antimony
CAS Registry Number	7440-36-0
ChEBI ID	30513
ChemSpider ID	4510681
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID50820078
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID5023879
Den Store Danske ID	antimon
DrugBank ID	13110
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.314
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	233638
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/antimony
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	antimoine
Freebase ID	/m/027s2zq
French Vikidia ID	Antimoine
GND ID	4002299-7
Golden ID	Antimony-YEY
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0220203
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	4174637
HSDB ID	508
ICSC ID	0775
InChI	InChI=1S/Sb
InChIKey	WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Antimony
Kemler code	60
LEM ID	LEM201000658
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85005702
MeSH descriptor ID	D000965
NDL Authority ID	00560276
NKCR AUT ID	ph579360
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007295566205171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	155862
OpenAlex ID	C541565711
PM20 ware ID	141977
PSH ID	5804
Probes And Drugs ID	PD143899
PubChem CID	5354495
RxNorm ID	1311407
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1008190
Store norske leksikon ID	antimon
Treccani ID	antimonio
UNII	9IT35J3UV3
USGS Thesaurus ID	1393
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Antimony"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14652846-n
YSO ID	19103
ZVG number	8390

Antimony (Sb)

Properties

Isotopes of Antimony

102Sb

103Sb

104Sb

105Sb

106Sb

107Sb

108Sb

109Sb

110Sb

111Sb

112Sb

113Sb

114Sb

115Sb

116Sb

117Sb

118Sb

119Sb

120Sb

121Sb

122Sb

123Sb

124Sb

125Sb

126Sb

127Sb

128Sb

129Sb

130Sb

131Sb

132Sb

133Sb

134Sb

135Sb

136Sb

137Sb

138Sb

139Sb

140Sb

141Sb

142Sb