Antimony (Sb)

Antimony is the 51st element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Sb and atomic number of 51. It has an atomic weight of 121.760 and a mass number of 121. Antimony has fifty-one protons and seventy neutrons in its nucleus, and fifty-one electrons in five shells. It is located in group fifteen, period five and block p of the periodic table. Element of group 15. Multiple allotropic forms. The stable form of antimony is a blue-white metal. Yellow and black antimony are unstable non-metals. Used in flame-proofing, paints, ceramics, enamels, and rubber. Attacked by oxidizing acids and halogens. First reported by Tholden in 1450.

Atomic Number	51
Atomic Weight	121.76
Mass Number	121

Group	15
Period	5
Block	p

Protons	51 p⁺
Neutrons	70 n⁰
Electrons	51 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	145 pm 246 pm
Molar Volume	18.4 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	140 pm 133 pm 127 pm 140 pm 139 pm
Metallic Radius	139 pm 166 pm
Ionic Radius	76 pm 80 pm 76 pm 60 pm
Crystal Radius	90 pm 94 pm 90 pm 74 pm
Van der Waals Radius	220 pm 435 pm 206 pm 252 pm 206 pm 442 pm
Density	6.68 g/cm³ 6,530 kg/m³
Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	1.046 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	8.608389 eV/particle 16.63 eV/particle 25.3235 eV/particle 43.8 eV/particle 55 eV/particle 99.51 eV/particle 117 eV/particle 139 eV/particle 162 eV/particle 185 eV/particle 214 eV/particle 238 eV/particle 265 eV/particle 292 eV/particle 317 eV/particle 420 eV/particle 447 eV/particle 479 eV/particle 510 eV/particle 552 eV/particle 584 eV/particle 657 eV/particle 693.26 eV/particle 1,214 eV/particle 1,285 eV/particle 1,360 eV/particle 1,441 eV/particle 1,518 eV/particle 1,606 eV/particle 1,698 eV/particle 1,781 eV/particle 1,869 eV/particle 1,954 eV/particle 2,190 eV/particle 2,266 eV/particle 2,349 eV/particle 2,428 eV/particle 2,567 eV/particle 2,654 eV/particle 2,815 eV/particle 2,900 eV/particle 6,714 eV/particle 6,929 eV/particle 7,167 eV/particle 7,390 eV/particle 7,887 eV/particle 8,140 eV/particle 8,455 eV/particle 8,669.48 eV/particle 35,710.03 eV/particle 36,668.05 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	195.2 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	20.08 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	264.4 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 18, 5

Valence Electrons	5

Electron Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³

Oxidation States	-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Electronegativity	11.74 eV/particle 0.1918774 2.05
Electrophilicity	1.540637934707554 eV/particle
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	1,860.15 K
Melting Point	903.778 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Antimony is a Silver. Sb has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #9e63b5, and MOLCAS GV of #9e63b5. The Appearance of Element 51 is silvery lustrous gray.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #9e63b5 #9e63b5
Appearance	silvery lustrous gray
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	24.43 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.000011 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	25.23 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.207 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	2.5 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000004 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	diamagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000109 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	-0.000000001327 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	-0.000073
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Antimony is RHL. The lattice constant of Sb is 4.51 Å. The lattice angles of Element 51 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.
Crystal Structure	Simple Trigonal (RHL)
Lattice Constant	4.51 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties
Antimony has a Brinell of 294 MPa, and Mohs hardness of 3 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Sb is 42 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 51 is 20 GPa. The Young Modulus of Antimony (Sb) is 55 GPa. The Speed of Sound of Antimony is 3420 m/s.
Hardness	294 MPa 3 MPa
Bulk Modulus	42 GPa
Shear Modulus	20 GPa
Young Modulus	55 GPa
Poisson Ratio
Speed of Sound	3,420 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Antimony is VB. The IUPAC Group of Sb is VA. The Glawe Number of Element 51 is 91. The Mendeleev Number of Antimony (Sb) is 96. The Pettifor Number of Antimony is 88. The Geochemical Class of Sb is semi-volatile. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 51 is chalcophile.
Category	Metalloids, Metalloids
CAS Group	VB
IUPAC Group	VA
Glawe Number	91
Mendeleev Number	96
Pettifor Number	88
Geochemical Class	semi-volatile
Goldschmidt Class	chalcophile
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Antimony is 43 plus or minus 2 a₀. Sb has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 492 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 504 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 51 are White Antimony, Yellow Antimony, Black Antimony. The Neutron Cross Section of Antimony (Sb) is 5.4. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Antimony is 0.0016. The Quantum Numbers of Sb is 4S3/2. The Space Group of Element 51 is 166 (R_3m).
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	43 ± 2 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	492 a₀ 504 a₀
Allotropes	White Antimony, Yellow Antimony, Black Antimony
Neutron Cross Section	5.4
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0016
Quantum Numbers	4S3/2
Space Group	166 (R_3m)

Isotopes of Antimony

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	39
Radioactive Isotopes	37

¹⁰²Sb

Abundance
Relative Atomic Mass	101.945142 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	102
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity

¹⁰²Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	%

¹⁰³Sb

Abundance
Relative Atomic Mass	102.939162 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	103
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

¹⁰³Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	%

¹⁰⁴Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	103.936344 ± 0.000109 Da
Mass Number	104
G-Factor
Half Life	470 ± 130 ms
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1995
Parity

¹⁰⁴Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	7%
p (proton emission)	7%
α (α emission)	%

¹⁰⁵Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	104.931276547 ± 0.000023431 Da
Mass Number	105
G-Factor
Half Life	1.12 ± 0.16 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹⁰⁵Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
p (proton emission)	0.1%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹⁰⁶Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	105.928637979 ± 0.000008 Da
Mass Number	106
G-Factor
Half Life	600 ± 200 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	+

¹⁰⁶Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁷Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	106.924150621 ± 0.000004452 Da
Mass Number	107
G-Factor
Half Life	4 ± 0.2 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹⁰⁷Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁸Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	107.922226731 ± 0.0000059 Da
Mass Number	108
G-Factor
Half Life	7.4 ± 0.3 s
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	+

¹⁰⁸Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁹Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	108.918141203 ± 0.000005652 Da
Mass Number	109
G-Factor
Half Life	17.2 ± 0.5 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	+

¹⁰⁹Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁰Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	109.916854283 ± 0.0000064 Da
Mass Number	110
G-Factor
Half Life	23.6 ± 0.3 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	+

¹¹⁰Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹¹Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	110.913218187 ± 0.0000095 Da
Mass Number	111
G-Factor
Half Life	75 ± 1 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	+

¹¹¹Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹²Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	111.912399903 ± 0.00001914 Da
Mass Number	112
G-Factor
Half Life	53.5 ± 0.6 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1959
Parity	+

¹¹²Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹³Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	112.909374664 ± 0.000018457 Da
Mass Number	113
G-Factor
Half Life	6.67 ± 0.07 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1958
Parity	+

¹¹³Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁴Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	113.909289155 ± 0.000021226 Da
Mass Number	114
G-Factor	0.57333333333333 ± 0.026666666666667
Half Life	3.49 ± 0.03 m
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1959
Parity	+

¹¹⁴Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁵Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	114.906598 ± 0.000017203 Da
Mass Number	115
G-Factor	1.384 ± 0.004
Half Life	32.1 ± 0.3 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1958
Parity	+

¹¹⁵Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁶Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	115.906792732 ± 0.000005533 Da
Mass Number	116
G-Factor	0.905 ± 0.003
Half Life	15.8 ± 0.8 m
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	+

¹¹⁶Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁷Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	116.904841519 ± 0.000009057 Da
Mass Number	117
G-Factor	1.372 ± 0.024
Half Life	2.97 ± 0.02 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.2 ± 1.2
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

¹¹⁷Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁸Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	117.905532194 ± 0.000003237 Da
Mass Number	118
G-Factor	2.46 ± 0.07
Half Life	3.6 ± 0.1 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

¹¹⁸Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁹Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	118.903944062 ± 0.000007512 Da
Mass Number	119
G-Factor	1.38 ± 0.004
Half Life	38.19 ± 0.22 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

¹¹⁹Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹²⁰Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	119.905080308 ± 0.000007728 Da
Mass Number	120
G-Factor	2.3 ± 0.2
Half Life	15.89 ± 0.04 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1937
Parity	+

¹²⁰Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²¹Sb

Abundance	57.21 ± 0.05
Relative Atomic Mass	120.903811353 ± 0.00000269 Da
Mass Number	121
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.543 ± 0.011
Discovery Year	1922
Parity	+

¹²²Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	121.905169335 ± 0.000002687 Da
Mass Number	122
G-Factor	-0.95 ± 0.01
Half Life	2.7238 ± 0.0002 d
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment	1.28 ± 0.08
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	-

¹²²Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	97.59%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	2.41%

¹²³Sb

Abundance	42.79 ± 0.05
Relative Atomic Mass	122.904215292 ± 0.000001456 Da
Mass Number	123
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.692 ± 0.014
Discovery Year	1922
Parity	+

¹²⁴Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	123.905937065 ± 0.000001457 Da
Mass Number	124
G-Factor	0.4 ± 0.0066666666666667
Half Life	60.2 ± 0.03 d
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment	2.8 ± 0.2
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	-

¹²⁴Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁵Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	124.905254264 ± 0.0000027 Da
Mass Number	125
G-Factor	0.75142857142857 ± 0.011428571428571
Half Life	2.7576 ± 0.0011 y
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

¹²⁵Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁶Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	125.907253158 ± 0.000034189 Da
Mass Number	126
G-Factor	0.16 ± 0.00875
Half Life	12.35 ± 0.06 d
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1956
Parity	-

¹²⁶Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁷Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	126.906925557 ± 0.000005457 Da
Mass Number	127
G-Factor	0.77142857142857 ± 0.011428571428571
Half Life	3.85 ± 0.05 d
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	+

¹²⁷Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁸Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	127.909146121 ± 0.000020169 Da
Mass Number	128
G-Factor	0.1625 ± 0.025
Half Life	9.05 ± 0.04 h
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1956
Parity	-

¹²⁸Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁹Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	128.909146623 ± 0.000022786 Da
Mass Number	129
G-Factor	0.79714285714286 ± 0.011428571428571
Half Life	4.366 ± 0.026 h
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	+

¹²⁹Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³⁰Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	129.911662686 ± 0.000015257 Da
Mass Number	130
G-Factor
Half Life	39.5 ± 0.8 m
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1962
Parity	-

¹³⁰Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³¹Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	130.911989339 ± 0.000002236 Da
Mass Number	131
G-Factor	0.82571428571429 ± 0.011428571428571
Half Life	23.03 ± 0.04 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1956
Parity	+

¹³¹Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³²Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	131.914508013 ± 0.000002648 Da
Mass Number	132
G-Factor
Half Life	2.79 ± 0.07 m
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1956
Parity

¹³²Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³³Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	132.915272128 ± 0.000003357 Da
Mass Number	133
G-Factor	0.85714285714286 ± 0.011428571428571
Half Life	2.34 ± 0.05 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	+

¹³³Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³⁴Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	133.920537334 ± 0.0000033 Da
Mass Number	134
G-Factor	0
Half Life	674 ± 4 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	-

¹³⁴Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹³⁵Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	134.925184354 ± 0.000002834 Da
Mass Number	135
G-Factor
Half Life	1.668 ± 0.009 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1964
Parity	+

¹³⁵Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	19.1%

¹³⁶Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	135.930749009 ± 0.000006258 Da
Mass Number	136
G-Factor
Half Life	923 ± 14 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	-

¹³⁶Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	24.7%
2n (2-neutron emission)	0.14%

¹³⁷Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	136.935522519 ± 0.000056 Da
Mass Number	137
G-Factor
Half Life	497 ± 21 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹³⁷Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	49%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹³⁸Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	137.941331 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	138
G-Factor
Half Life	333 ± 7 ms
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	-

¹³⁸Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	72%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹³⁹Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	138.946269 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	139
G-Factor
Half Life	182 ± 9 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹³⁹Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	90%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁴⁰Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	139.952345 ± 0.000644 Da
Mass Number	140
G-Factor
Half Life	170 ± 6 ms
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

¹⁴⁰Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	23%
2n (2-neutron emission)	7.6%

¹⁴¹Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	140.957552 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	141
G-Factor
Half Life	103 ± 29 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	+

¹⁴¹Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁴²Sb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	141.963918 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	142
G-Factor
Half Life	80 ± 50 ms
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity

¹⁴²Sb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

History

One of antimony's minerals, stibnite was recognized in predynastic Egypt as an eye cosmetic as early as about 3100 BC. The first European description of a procedure for isolating antimony is in the book De la pirotechnia of 1540 by Vannoccio Biringuccio. The first natural occurrence of pure antimony in the Earth's crust was described by the Swedish scientist and local mine district engineer Anton von Swab in 1783. From the Greek word anti plus monos - a metal not found alone

Discoverers	Known to the ancients.
Discovery Location
Discovery Year
Etymology (Name Origin)	Greek: anti and monos (not alone); symbol from mineral stibnite.
Pronunciation	AN-teh-MOH-ni (English)

Antimony and many of its compounds are toxic

Antimony is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

Uses

The largest applications for metallic antimony are as alloying material for lead and tin and for lead antimony plates in lead-acid batteries. Alloying lead and tin with antimony improves the properties of the alloys which are used in solders, bullets and plain bearings. Antimony trioxide is used as a flame retardant in adhesives, plastics, rubber and textiles. It is alloyed with other metals to increase their hardness. Also in the manufacture of a few special types of semiconductor devices. Also in plastics and chemicals. A few kinds of over-the-counter cold and flu remedies use antimony compounds.

Sources

Found in stibnite (Sb2S3) and in valentinite (Sb2O3).

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.2 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.00024 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor	0.000012 %
Abundance in Sun	0.0000001 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000004 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.0256
2	p	4.1274
2	s	13.4046
3	d	14.2002
3	p	17.8161
3	s	17.7909
4	d	32.0256
4	p	28.8188
4	s	27.4564
5	p	41.0055
5	s	39.389

Antimony on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300011017
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/1375
BNCF Thesaurus ID	20962
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	120163060
CAB ID	33642
CA PROP 65 ID	antimony
CAS Registry Number	7440-36-0
ChEBI ID	30513
ChemSpider ID	4510681
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID50820078
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID5023879
Den Store Danske ID	antimon
DrugBank ID	13110
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.314
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	233638
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/antimony
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	antimoine
Freebase ID	/m/027s2zq
French Vikidia ID	Antimoine
GND ID	4002299-7
Golden ID	Antimony-YEY
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0220203
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	4174637
HSDB ID	508
ICSC ID	0775
InChI	InChI=1S/Sb
InChIKey	WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Antimony
Kemler code	60
LEM ID	LEM201000658
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85005702
MeSH descriptor ID	D000965
NDL Authority ID	00560276
NKCR AUT ID	ph579360
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007295566205171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	155862
OpenAlex ID	C541565711
PM20 ware ID	141977
PSH ID	5804
Probes And Drugs ID	PD143899
PubChem CID	5354495
RxNorm ID	1311407
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1008190
Store norske leksikon ID	antimon
Treccani ID	antimonio
UNII	9IT35J3UV3
USGS Thesaurus ID	1393
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Antimony"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14652846-n
YSO ID	19103
ZVG number	8390

Antimony (Sb)

Properties

Isotopes of Antimony

102Sb

102Sb Decay Modes

103Sb

103Sb Decay Modes

104Sb

104Sb Decay Modes

105Sb

105Sb Decay Modes

106Sb

106Sb Decay Modes

107Sb

107Sb Decay Modes

108Sb

108Sb Decay Modes

109Sb

109Sb Decay Modes

110Sb

110Sb Decay Modes

111Sb

111Sb Decay Modes

112Sb

112Sb Decay Modes

113Sb

113Sb Decay Modes

114Sb

114Sb Decay Modes

115Sb

115Sb Decay Modes

116Sb

116Sb Decay Modes

117Sb

117Sb Decay Modes

118Sb

118Sb Decay Modes

119Sb

119Sb Decay Modes

120Sb

120Sb Decay Modes

121Sb

122Sb

122Sb Decay Modes

123Sb

124Sb

124Sb Decay Modes

125Sb

125Sb Decay Modes

126Sb

126Sb Decay Modes

127Sb

127Sb Decay Modes

128Sb

128Sb Decay Modes

129Sb

129Sb Decay Modes

130Sb

130Sb Decay Modes

131Sb

131Sb Decay Modes

132Sb

132Sb Decay Modes

133Sb

133Sb Decay Modes

134Sb

134Sb Decay Modes

135Sb

135Sb Decay Modes

136Sb

136Sb Decay Modes

137Sb

137Sb Decay Modes

138Sb

138Sb Decay Modes

139Sb

139Sb Decay Modes

140Sb

140Sb Decay Modes

141Sb