Tin (Sn)

Tin is the 50th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Sn and atomic number of 50. It has an atomic weight of 118.710 and a mass number of 120. Tin has fifty protons and seventy neutrons in its nucleus, and fifty electrons in five shells. It is located in group fourteen, period five and block p of the periodic table. Silvery malleable metallic element belonging to group 14 of the periodic table. Twenty-six isotopes are known, five of which are radioactive. Chemically reactive. Combines directly with chlorine and oxygen and displaces hydrogen from dilute acids.

Atomic Number	50
Atomic Weight	118.71
Mass Number	120

Group	14
Period	5
Block	p

Protons	50 p⁺
Neutrons	70 n⁰
Electrons	50 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	145 pm 248 pm
Molar Volume	16.3 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	140 pm 130 pm 132 pm 140 pm 139 pm
Metallic Radius	142 pm 163 pm
Ionic Radius	55 pm 62 pm 69 pm 75 pm 81 pm
Crystal Radius	69 pm 76 pm 83 pm 89 pm 95 pm
Van der Waals Radius	225 pm 217 pm 447 pm 217 pm 259 pm 439.2 pm
Density	7.287 g/cm³ 6,990 kg/m³
Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	1.112067 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	7.343917 eV/particle 14.63224 eV/particle 30.50259 eV/particle 40.735 eV/particle 77.03 eV/particle 94 eV/particle 112.9 eV/particle 135 eV/particle 156 eV/particle 184 eV/particle 208 eV/particle 232 eV/particle 258 eV/particle 282 eV/particle 379 eV/particle 407 eV/particle 437 eV/particle 466 eV/particle 506 eV/particle 537 eV/particle 608 eV/particle 642.35 eV/particle 1,127 eV/particle 1,195 eV/particle 1,269 eV/particle 1,347 eV/particle 1,421 eV/particle 1,508 eV/particle 1,596 eV/particle 1,676 eV/particle 1,763 eV/particle 1,844 eV/particle 2,074 eV/particle 2,142.1 eV/particle 2,227 eV/particle 2,326 eV/particle 2,443 eV/particle 2,499 eV/particle 2,687 eV/particle 2,762.5 eV/particle 6,421 eV/particle 6,631 eV/particle 6,859 eV/particle 7,080 eV/particle 7,531 eV/particle 7,790 eV/particle 8,103 eV/particle 8,306.95 eV/particle 34,257.141 eV/particle 35,192.39 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	296 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	7.07 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	301.2 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 18, 4

Valence Electrons	4

Electron Configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²

Oxidation States	-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Electronegativity	10.79 eV/particle 0.178052 1.96
Electrophilicity	1.434238336293717 eV/particle
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	2,859.15 K 2,859.15 K
Melting Point	286.35 K 505.078 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Tin is a Silver. Sn has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #668080, and MOLCAS GV of #668080. The Appearance of Element 50 is silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α).
Color	Silver #ff1493 #668080 #668080
Appearance	silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α)
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	66.8 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.000022 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	26.99 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.227 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	9.1 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000011 m Ω
Superconducting Point	3.72 K
Magnetism
Type	diamagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000031 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	-0.000000000368 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	-0.0000227
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Tin is TET. The lattice constant of Sn is 5.82 Å. The lattice angles of Element 50 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Centered Tetragonal (TET)
Lattice Constant	5.82 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Tin has a Brinell of 51 MPa, and Mohs hardness of 1.5 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Sn is 58 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 50 is 18 GPa. The Young Modulus of Tin (Sn) is 50 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Tin is 0.36. The Speed of Sound of Sn is 2500 m/s.
Hardness	51 MPa 1.5 MPa
Bulk Modulus	58 GPa
Shear Modulus	18 GPa
Young Modulus	50 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.36
Speed of Sound	2,500 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Tin is IVB. The IUPAC Group of Sn is IVA. The Glawe Number of Element 50 is 83. The Mendeleev Number of Tin (Sn) is 90. The Pettifor Number of Tin is 83. The Goldschmidt Class of Sn is chalcophile.
Category	Post-transition metals, Poor metals
CAS Group	IVB
IUPAC Group	IVA
Glawe Number	83
Mendeleev Number	90
Pettifor Number	83
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt Class	chalcophile
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Tin is 53 plus or minus 6 a₀. Sn has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 659 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 715 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 50 are White Tin, Gray Tin. The Neutron Cross Section of Tin (Sn) is 0.62. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Tin is 0.0002. The Quantum Numbers of Sn is 3P0. The Space Group of Element 50 is 141 (I41/amd).
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	53 ± 6 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	659 a₀ 715 a₀
Allotropes	White Tin, Gray Tin
Neutron Cross Section	0.62
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0002
Quantum Numbers	3P0
Space Group	141 (I41/amd)

Isotopes of Tin

Stable Isotopes	10
Unstable Isotopes	32
Radioactive Isotopes	32

⁹⁹Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	98.948495 ± 0.000625 Da
Mass Number	99
G-Factor
Half Life	24 ± 4 ms
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2011
Parity	+

⁹⁹Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	5%

¹⁰⁰Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	99.938648944 ± 0.000257661 Da
Mass Number	100
G-Factor	0
Half Life	1.18 ± 0.08 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹⁰⁰Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	17%

¹⁰¹Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	100.935259252 ± 0.000322068 Da
Mass Number	101
G-Factor
Half Life	2.22 ± 0.05 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹⁰¹Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	21%

¹⁰²Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	101.930289525 ± 0.000107466 Da
Mass Number	102
G-Factor	0
Half Life	3.8 ± 0.2 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹⁰²Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰³Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	102.927973 ± 0.000108 Da
Mass Number	103
G-Factor
Half Life	7 ± 0.2 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	+

¹⁰³Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.2%

¹⁰⁴Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	103.923105195 ± 0.000006167 Da
Mass Number	104
G-Factor	0
Half Life	20.8 ± 0.5 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	+

¹⁰⁴Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁵Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	104.921268421 ± 0.000004263 Da
Mass Number	105
G-Factor
Half Life	32.7 ± 0.5 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	+

¹⁰⁵Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.011%

¹⁰⁶Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	105.916957394 ± 0.000005465 Da
Mass Number	106
G-Factor	0
Half Life	1.92 ± 0.08 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1975
Parity	+

¹⁰⁶Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁷Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	106.915713649 ± 0.0000057 Da
Mass Number	107
G-Factor
Half Life	2.9 ± 0.05 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	+

¹⁰⁷Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁸Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	107.91189429 ± 0.000005778 Da
Mass Number	108
G-Factor	0
Half Life	10.3 ± 0.08 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	+

¹⁰⁸Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁰⁹Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	108.911292857 ± 0.000008533 Da
Mass Number	109
G-Factor	-0.4312 ± 0.0024
Half Life	18.1 ± 0.2 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.33 ± 0.11
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	+

¹⁰⁹Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁰Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	109.907844835 ± 0.00001479 Da
Mass Number	110
G-Factor	0
Half Life	4.154 ± 0.004 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	+

¹¹⁰Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹¹¹Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	110.907741143 ± 0.000005728 Da
Mass Number	111
G-Factor	0.17342857142857 ± 0.0011428571428571
Half Life	35.3 ± 0.6 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.2 ± 0.1
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	+

¹¹¹Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹²Sn

Abundance	0.97 ± 0.01
Relative Atomic Mass	111.904824894 ± 0.000000315 Da
Mass Number	112
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1927
Parity	+

¹¹²Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)	%

¹¹³Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	112.905175857 ± 0.00000169 Da
Mass Number	113
G-Factor	-1.7554 ± 0.0016
Half Life	115.08 ± 0.04 d
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	+

¹¹³Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹¹⁴Sn

Abundance	0.66 ± 0.01
Relative Atomic Mass	113.90278013 ± 0.000000031 Da
Mass Number	114
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1927
Parity	+

¹¹⁵Sn

Abundance	0.34 ± 0.01
Relative Atomic Mass	114.903344695 ± 0.000000016 Da
Mass Number	115
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1927
Parity	+

¹¹⁶Sn

Abundance	14.54 ± 0.09
Relative Atomic Mass	115.901742825 ± 0.000000103 Da
Mass Number	116
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1922
Parity	+

¹¹⁷Sn

Abundance	7.68 ± 0.07
Relative Atomic Mass	116.902954036 ± 0.000000518 Da
Mass Number	117
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1923
Parity	+

¹¹⁸Sn

Abundance	24.22 ± 0.09
Relative Atomic Mass	117.90160663 ± 0.000000536 Da
Mass Number	118
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1924
Parity	+

¹¹⁹Sn

Abundance	8.59 ± 0.04
Relative Atomic Mass	118.903311266 ± 0.000000778 Da
Mass Number	119
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1925
Parity	+

¹²⁰Sn

Abundance	32.58 ± 0.09
Relative Atomic Mass	119.902202557 ± 0.000000987 Da
Mass Number	120
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1926
Parity	+

¹²¹Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	120.904243488 ± 0.00000105 Da
Mass Number	121
G-Factor	0.4646 ± 0.00073333333333333
Half Life	27.03 ± 0.04 h
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.02 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

¹²¹Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²²Sn

Abundance	4.63 ± 0.03
Relative Atomic Mass	121.903445494 ± 0.000002627 Da
Mass Number	122
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1928
Parity	+

¹²²Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)	%

¹²³Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	122.905727065 ± 0.000002661 Da
Mass Number	123
G-Factor	-0.24876363636364 ± 0.0002
Half Life	129.2 ± 0.4 d
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.03 ± 0.04
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	-

¹²³Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁴Sn

Abundance	5.79 ± 0.05
Relative Atomic Mass	123.905279619 ± 0.00000141 Da
Mass Number	124
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1922
Parity	+

¹²⁴Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)	%

¹²⁵Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	124.90778937 ± 0.000001426 Da
Mass Number	125
G-Factor	-0.24472727272727 ± 0.00036363636363636
Half Life	9.634 ± 0.015 d
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.2 ± 0.2
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	-

¹²⁵Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁶Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	125.907658958 ± 0.000011473 Da
Mass Number	126
G-Factor	0
Half Life	230 ± 14 ky
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1962
Parity	+

¹²⁶Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁷Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	126.910391726 ± 0.000009904 Da
Mass Number	127
G-Factor	-0.24127272727273 ± 0.0012727272727273
Half Life	2.1 ± 0.04 h
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.32 ± 0.14
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

¹²⁷Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁸Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	127.910507828 ± 0.000018982 Da
Mass Number	128
G-Factor	0
Half Life	59.07 ± 0.14 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1956
Parity	+

¹²⁸Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹²⁹Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	128.91348244 ± 0.00001854 Da
Mass Number	129
G-Factor	0.502 ± 0.002
Half Life	2.23 ± 0.04 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.05 ± 0.12
Discovery Year	1962
Parity	+

¹²⁹Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³⁰Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	129.913974531 ± 0.00000201 Da
Mass Number	130
G-Factor	0
Half Life	3.72 ± 0.07 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	+

¹³⁰Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³¹Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	130.917053067 ± 0.000003887 Da
Mass Number	131
G-Factor	0.49733333333333 ± 0.0026666666666667
Half Life	56 ± 0.5 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.04 ± 0.09
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	+

¹³¹Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³²Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	131.917823898 ± 0.000002121 Da
Mass Number	132
G-Factor	0
Half Life	39.7 ± 0.8 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	+

¹³²Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹³³Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	132.923913753 ± 0.000002043 Da
Mass Number	133
G-Factor
Half Life	1.37 ± 0.07 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	-

¹³³Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.0294%

¹³⁴Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	133.92868043 ± 0.0000034 Da
Mass Number	134
G-Factor	0
Half Life	0.93 ± 0.08 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1974
Parity	+

¹³⁴Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17%

¹³⁵Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	134.934908603 ± 0.0000033 Da
Mass Number	135
G-Factor
Half Life	515 ± 5 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	-

¹³⁵Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	21%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹³⁶Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	135.939699 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	136
G-Factor	0
Half Life	355 ± 18 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹³⁶Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹³⁷Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	136.946162 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	137
G-Factor
Half Life	249 ± 15 ms
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	-

¹³⁷Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	48%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹³⁸Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	137.951143 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	138
G-Factor	0
Half Life	148 ± 9 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

¹³⁸Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	36%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹³⁹Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	138.957799 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	139
G-Factor
Half Life	120 ± 38 ms
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2015
Parity	-

¹³⁹Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁴⁰Sn

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	139.962973 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	140
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	+

¹⁴⁰Sn Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

History

Tin was first smelted in combination with copper around 3500 BC to produce bronze. The oldest artifacts date from around 2000 BC. Cassiterite, the tin oxide form of tin, was most likely the original source of tin in ancient times. British scientist Robert Boyle published a description of his experiments on the oxidation of tin in 1673. The Latin word for tin is stannum

Discoverers	Known to the ancients.
Discovery Location
Discovery Year
Etymology (Name Origin)	Named after Etruscan god, Tinia; symbol from Latin: stannum (tin).
Pronunciation	TIN (English)

Tin is considered to be non-toxic but most tin salts are toxic

When a bar of tin is bent, a crackling sound known as the tin cry can be heard

Uses

Tin is used as a coating on the surface of other metals to prevent corrosion. It has long been used as a solder in the form of an alloy with lead. Tin salts sprayed onto glass are used to produce electrically conductive coatings. Tin chloride is used as a mordant in dyeing textiles and for increasing the weight of silk. Used as a coating for steel cans since it is nontoxic and noncorrosive. Also in solder (33%Sn:67%Pb), bronze (20%Sn:80%Cu), and pewter. Stannous fluoride (SnF2), a compound of tin and fluorine is used in some toothpaste.

Sources

Principally found in the ore cassiterite(SnO2) and stannine (Cu2FeSnS4).

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	2.3 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.000004 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body	0.00002 %
Abundance in Meteor	0.00012 %
Abundance in Sun	0.0000009 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0000004 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.008
2	p	4.1146
2	s	13.1406
3	d	14.2583
3	p	17.6468
3	s	17.5802
4	d	32.03
4	p	28.7348
4	s	27.342
5	p	40.898
5	s	39.3715

Tin on ChemicalAid

AGROVOC ID	c_7782
Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300133748
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3587
BNCF Thesaurus ID	20961
Biblioteca Nacional de España ID	XX530512
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	11952265h
CAB ID	213169
CAS Registry Number	7440-31-5
ChEBI ID	27007
ChemSpider ID	4509318
CosIng number	86716
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID701323006
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID1049801
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.310
Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID	190901
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/tin
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	etain
EuroVoc ID	879
Europeana Fashion Vocabulary ID	10551
Freebase ID	/m/025sk5n
French Vikidia ID	Étain
GND ID	4190888-0
Golden ID	Tin-8ADKX
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0230449
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2685434
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0001960
ICSC ID	1535
InChI	InChI=1S/Sn
InChIKey	ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Tin
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/tehnologiya_i_promyshlennost/OLOVA_PROIZVODSTVO.html
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/tehnologiya_i_promyshlennost/OLOVO.html
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85135484
MeSH descriptor ID	D014001
NALT ID	44820
NDF-RT ID	N0000147401
NDL Authority ID	00571788
NKCR AUT ID	ph119284
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007538936405171
Nomisma ID	sn
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	3780
OpenAlex ID	C525849907
PACTOLS thesaurus ID	pcrtGpmPNJ0jRl
PSH ID	5799
PubChem CID	5352426
Quora topic ID	Tin
RxNorm ID	10603
Römpp online ID	RD-26-00417
STW Thesaurus for Economics ID	14310-1
Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID	materias/1000923
Spanish Vikidia ID	Estaño
Store norske leksikon ID	tinn
Treccani ID	stagno
U.S. National Archives Identifier	10643089
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/6505
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	13288
UM-BBD compound ID	c0585
UMLS CUI	C0040238
UNII	387GMG9FH5
USGS Thesaurus ID	1596
Wolfram Language entity code	Entity["Mineral", "Tin"]
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14683034-n
YSO ID	15916
ZVG number	8380

Tin (Sn)

Properties

Isotopes of Tin

99Sn

99Sn Decay Modes

100Sn

100Sn Decay Modes

101Sn

101Sn Decay Modes

102Sn

102Sn Decay Modes

103Sn

103Sn Decay Modes

104Sn

104Sn Decay Modes

105Sn

105Sn Decay Modes

106Sn

106Sn Decay Modes

107Sn

107Sn Decay Modes

108Sn

108Sn Decay Modes

109Sn

109Sn Decay Modes

110Sn

110Sn Decay Modes

111Sn

111Sn Decay Modes

112Sn

112Sn Decay Modes

113Sn

113Sn Decay Modes

114Sn

115Sn

116Sn

117Sn

118Sn

119Sn

120Sn

121Sn

121Sn Decay Modes

122Sn

122Sn Decay Modes

123Sn

123Sn Decay Modes

124Sn

124Sn Decay Modes

125Sn

125Sn Decay Modes

126Sn

126Sn Decay Modes

127Sn

127Sn Decay Modes

128Sn

128Sn Decay Modes

129Sn

129Sn Decay Modes

130Sn

130Sn Decay Modes

131Sn

131Sn Decay Modes

132Sn

132Sn Decay Modes

133Sn

133Sn Decay Modes

134Sn

134Sn Decay Modes

135Sn

135Sn Decay Modes

136Sn

136Sn Decay Modes

137Sn

137Sn Decay Modes

138Sn

138Sn Decay Modes

139Sn

139Sn Decay Modes

140Sn

140Sn Decay Modes