Atomic Number | 50 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 118.71 |
Mass Number | 120 |
Group | 14 |
---|---|
Period | 5 |
Block | p |
Protons | 50 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 70 n0 |
Electrons | 50 e- |
Atomic Radius | 145 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 16.3 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 140 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 142 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 55 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 69 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 217 pm
|
Density | 7.287 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 1.112067 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 7.343917 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 296 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 7.07 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 301.2 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 18, 4 |
Valence Electrons | 4 |
Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 |
Oxidation States | -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 |
Electronegativity | 1.96
|
Electrophilicity | 1.434238336293717 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 2,859.15 K
|
Melting Point | 286.35 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α) |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 66.8 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.000022 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 26.99 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.227 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 9.1 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000011 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | 3.72 K
|
Magnetism | |
Type | diamagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | -0.0000000031 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | -0.000000000368 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | -0.0000227
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Centered Tetragonal (TET) |
Lattice Constant | 5.82 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | 1.5 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 58 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 18 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 50 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.36
|
Speed of Sound | 2,500 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Post-transition metals, Poor metals |
CAS Group | IVB |
IUPAC Group | IVA |
Glawe Number | 83 |
Mendeleev Number | 90 |
Pettifor Number | 83 |
Geochemical Class | |
Goldschmidt Class | chalcophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | 659 a₀
|
Allotropes | White Tin, Gray Tin |
Neutron Cross Section | 0.62
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0002
|
Quantum Numbers | 3P0 |
Space Group | 141 (I41/amd) |
Stable Isotopes | 10 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 32 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 32 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 99 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 24 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2011 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 5% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 100 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 1.18 ± 0.08 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 17% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 101 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.22 ± 0.05 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 21% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 102 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 3.8 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 103 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 7 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 1.2% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 104 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 20.8 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 105 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 32.7 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.011% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 106 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 1.92 ± 0.08 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1975 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 107 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.9 ± 0.05 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1976 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 108 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 10.3 ± 0.08 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1968 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 109 |
G-Factor | -0.4312 ± 0.0024
|
Half Life | 18.1 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.33 ± 0.11
|
Discovery Year | 1966 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 110 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 4.154 ± 0.004 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1965 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 111 |
G-Factor | 0.17342857142857 ± 0.0011428571428571
|
Half Life | 35.3 ± 0.6 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.2 ± 0.1
|
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | 0.97 ± 0.01
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 112 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1927 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β+ (double β+ decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 113 |
G-Factor | -1.7554 ± 0.0016
|
Half Life | 115.08 ± 0.04 d
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1939 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | 0.66 ± 0.01
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 114 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1927 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 0.34 ± 0.01
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 115 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1927 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 14.54 ± 0.09
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 116 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1922 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 7.68 ± 0.07
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 117 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1923 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 24.22 ± 0.09
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 118 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 8.59 ± 0.04
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 119 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1925 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 32.58 ± 0.09
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 120 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1926 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 121 |
G-Factor | 0.4646 ± 0.00073333333333333
|
Half Life | 27.03 ± 0.04 h
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.02 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | 4.63 ± 0.03
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 122 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1928 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 123 |
G-Factor | -0.24876363636364 ± 0.0002
|
Half Life | 129.2 ± 0.4 d
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.03 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | 5.79 ± 0.05
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 124 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1922 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 125 |
G-Factor | -0.24472727272727 ± 0.00036363636363636
|
Half Life | 9.634 ± 0.015 d
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.2 ± 0.2
|
Discovery Year | 1939 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 126 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 230 ± 14 ky
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1962 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 127 |
G-Factor | -0.24127272727273 ± 0.0012727272727273
|
Half Life | 2.1 ± 0.04 h
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.32 ± 0.14
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 128 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 59.07 ± 0.14 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1956 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 129 |
G-Factor | 0.502 ± 0.002
|
Half Life | 2.23 ± 0.04 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.05 ± 0.12
|
Discovery Year | 1962 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 130 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 3.72 ± 0.07 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 131 |
G-Factor | 0.49733333333333 ± 0.0026666666666667
|
Half Life | 56 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.04 ± 0.09
|
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 132 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 39.7 ± 0.8 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 133 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.37 ± 0.07 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.0294% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 134 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 0.93 ± 0.08 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 17% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 135 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 515 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 21% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 136 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 355 ± 18 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 28% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 137 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 249 ± 15 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 48% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 138 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 148 ± 9 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 36% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 139 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 120 ± 38 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2015 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 140 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Tin was first smelted in combination with copper around 3500 BC to produce bronze. The oldest artifacts date from around 2000 BC. Cassiterite, the tin oxide form of tin, was most likely the original source of tin in ancient times. British scientist Robert Boyle published a description of his experiments on the oxidation of tin in 1673. The Latin word for tin is stannum
Discoverers | Known to the ancients. |
---|---|
Discovery Location | |
Discovery Year | |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Named after Etruscan god, Tinia; symbol from Latin: stannum (tin). |
Pronunciation | TIN (English) |
1 | s | 1.008 |
2 | p | 4.1146 |
2 | s | 13.1406 |
3 | d | 14.2583 |
3 | p | 17.6468 |
3 | s | 17.5802 |
4 | d | 32.03 |
4 | p | 28.7348 |
4 | s | 27.342 |
5 | p | 40.898 |
5 | s | 39.3715 |