Atomic Number | 73 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 180.94788 |
Mass Number | 181 |
Group | 5 |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | d |
Protons | 73 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 108 n0 |
Electrons | 73 e- |
Atomic Radius | 145 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 10.9 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 146 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 134 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 72 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 86 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 222 pm
|
Density | 16.4 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.322 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 7.54957 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 758 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 24.7 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 782 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2 |
Oxidation States | -3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Electronegativity | 1.5
|
Electrophilicity | 1.0716190618855992 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 5,728.15 K
|
Melting Point | 3,290.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Gray
|
Appearance | gray blue |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 57.5 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000063 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 25.36 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.14 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 7.7 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000013 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | 4.47 K
|
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.0000000107 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000001936 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0001782
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic (BCC) |
Lattice Constant | 3.31 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | 6.5 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 200 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 69 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 186 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.34
|
Speed of Sound | 3,400 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
CAS Group | VA |
IUPAC Group | VB |
Glawe Number | 52 |
Mendeleev Number | 49 |
Pettifor Number | 53 |
Geochemical Class | high field strength |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 20.5
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0041
|
Quantum Numbers | 4F3/2 |
Space Group | 229 (Im_3m) |
Stable Isotopes | 1 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 39 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 39 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 155 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.2 ± 1.3 ms
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2007 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 156 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 106 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | 71% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 29% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 157 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 10.1 ± 0.4 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 96.6% |
p (proton emission) | 3.4% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 158 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 49 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 159 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.04 ± 0.09 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 66% |
α (α emission) | 34% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 160 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.7 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 161 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 162 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.57 ± 0.12 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 99.926% |
α (α emission) | 0.074% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 163 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 10.6 ± 1.8 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
α (α emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 164 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 14.2 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 165 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 31 ± 1.5 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 166 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 34.4 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 167 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.33 ± 0.07 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 168 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 169 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.9 ± 0.4 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 170 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6.76 ± 0.06 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 171 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 23.3 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 172 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 36.8 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1964 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 173 |
G-Factor | 0.68 ± 0.012
|
Half Life | 3.14 ± 0.13 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -1.8 ± 0.2
|
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 174 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.14 ± 0.08 h
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 175 |
G-Factor | 0.64857142857143 ± 0.014285714285714
|
Half Life | 10.5 ± 0.2 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.5 ± 0.3
|
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 176 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.09 ± 0.05 h
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 177 |
G-Factor | 0.64285714285714 ± 0.014285714285714
|
Half Life | 56.36 ± 0.13 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 178 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.36 ± 0.08 h
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 179 |
G-Factor | 0.65314285714286 ± 0.0017142857142857
|
Half Life | 1.82 ± 0.03 y
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.27 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 180 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.154 ± 0.006 h
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 85% |
β− (β− decay) | 15% |
Abundance | 99.98799 ± 0.00032
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 181 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.17 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1932 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 182 |
G-Factor | 1.0066666666667 ± 0.01
|
Half Life | 114.74 ± 0.12 d
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | 2.6 ± 0.3
|
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 183 |
G-Factor | 0.67428571428571 ± 0.0085714285714286
|
Half Life | 5.1 ± 0.1 d
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 184 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.7 ± 0.1 h
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 185 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 49.4 ± 1.5 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 186 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 10.5 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 187 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.3 ± 6 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 188 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 19.6 ± 2 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 189 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 190 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.3 ± 0.7 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 191 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 192 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.2 ± 0.7 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 193 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 194 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Tantalum was discovered in Sweden in 1802 by Anders Ekeberg in the minerals tantalite from Finland and yttrotantalite from Sweden. Unfortunately, William Hyde Wollaston claimed Ekeberg's new element was actually niobium, which had also been discovered in 1802. In 1846, German chemist Heinrich Rose finally proved beyond doubt that tantalum and niobium were different elements. Named after Tantalos, a Greek mythological character, father of Niobe
Discoverers | Anders Ekeberg |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Sweden |
Discovery Year | 1802 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | From king Tantalus of Greek mythology, father of Niobe. |
Pronunciation | TAN-te-lem (English) |
1 | s | 1.4163 |
2 | p | 4.4136 |
2 | s | 19.0702 |
3 | d | 13.5589 |
3 | p | 21.1996 |
3 | s | 21.9085 |
4 | d | 36.676 |
4 | f | 39.5296 |
4 | p | 34.2652 |
4 | s | 33.2412 |
5 | d | 56.632 |
5 | p | 52.5265 |
5 | s | 50.3065 |
6 | s | 63.475 |